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Article
Publication date: 3 May 2016

Design leaps: business model adaptation in emerging economies

Sunil Sharma, Mukund R. Dixit and Amit Karna

Firms take design leaps when they imitate an established business model developed either by another firm or in another market to create business opportunities. While…

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Abstract

Purpose

Firms take design leaps when they imitate an established business model developed either by another firm or in another market to create business opportunities. While recent research has suggested the use of contextual intelligence for imitation, the exact process of adaptation of a business model is not fully understood. The purpose of this paper is to outline the process through which an emerging market firm adapts a developed market business model for creating business opportunities in the local market.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper investigates the journey of Air Deccan, the pioneer low-cost airline in India, from its founding until its successful adaptation of a (Western) business model and eventual failure. The authors use a qualitative case-based approach to study business model adaptation.

Findings

The authors find that adaptation involves the incorporation of following design features: novelty to overcome problem of institutional voids, elasticity to exploit unexpected increase in demand and efficiency to serve large volumes. Based on the evidence, the authors suggest the introduction of global efficiency measures as the boundary conditions of business model adaptation in emerging markets.

Research limitations/implications

The paper contributes to the literature on business models by suggesting elasticity as a unique design feature relevant for emerging markets. This paper provides granular understanding of business model toxicity.

Practical implications

Entrepreneurs and managers – looking to enter emerging markets through opportunity creation – should focus on providing contextually novel design features in the adapted business model. The authors also caution practitioners against the perils of toxicity arising out of combining contextual novelty with efficiency.

Originality/value

Recent literature suggests that multinationals need contextual intelligence to successfully monetize their investment in emerging economies. This paper provides rich description of the challenges faced by entrepreneurs in emerging markets, local innovations used to overcome them and boundary conditions.

Details

Journal of Asia Business Studies, vol. 10 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-01-2015-0009
ISSN: 1558-7894

Keywords

  • Emerging markets
  • Adaptation
  • Business models
  • Contextual novelty

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Case study
Publication date: 29 March 2019

Raychem RPG Ltd: Strategic Transformation

Amit Karna and Amit Garg

The year 2013-14 was very significant for Raychem RPG Ltd (RRL) - a joint venture between RPG group, India and TE Connectivity, USA. The sales were looking up and order…

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Abstract

The year 2013-14 was very significant for Raychem RPG Ltd (RRL) - a joint venture between RPG group, India and TE Connectivity, USA. The sales were looking up and order book was promising. Newly restructured units were working well and business in new segments was picking up. There were several initiatives undertaken by the CEO in last five years of his tenure. His team had achieved the desired stability and turnaround was successful. A high-growth future in a slowing global economic scenario had to be converted into a more profitable opportunity. However, he faced several questions. Was the strategic transformation journey that he embarked on four years ago complete? Could he have done something different? Which were the areas where the next focus should be? Did RRL have the required competences to succeed in those areas? How would RRL manage the changing expectations of the two JV partners?

Details

Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, vol. no.
Type: Case Study
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/CASE.IIMA.2020.000208
ISSN: 2633-3260
Published by: Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad

Keywords

  • Strategic Transformation
  • International Joint Venture

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Article
Publication date: 9 March 2020

Theoretical foundations of antecedents of internationalization and moderators in multinationality–performance relationship: What is missing?

Anish Purkayastha, Sunil Sharma and Amit Karna

In this paper, the authors undertake a systematic analysis of multinationality–performance (M-P) literature published in the last decade, when antecedents for…

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Abstract

Purpose

In this paper, the authors undertake a systematic analysis of multinationality–performance (M-P) literature published in the last decade, when antecedents for internationalization and moderators of the M-P relationship had attained a center stage in international business and international management research. Though M-P relationship is one of the most widely studied topics within international business literature, so far synthesis of the entire theoretical landscape is missing in extant literature.

Design/methodology/approach

Through keywords search process, the authors found 111 studies in management literature that look at internationalization, its antecedents, performance of internationalized firms, and moderators of the M-P relationship. The focus of this study is to identify theoretical foundations used to explain the antecedents and moderators in M-P relationship, in order to suggest the future research direction for the field. The authors classify the antecedents and moderators based on their theoretical underpinnings not only to identify commonly used theoretical foundations in the last 10 years of international strategy research but also to highlight potential areas for future research.

Findings

The authors’ analysis indicates that research on international strategy in the last decade was dominated by theory testing in the context of developed economies. The authors’ review suggests that majority of the antecedents and moderators in the M-P relationship are anchored within institutional theory, organizational structure, resource-based view, social capital, and upper echelon theory.

Originality/value

The authors’ findings are indicative of a rich research potential of M-P relationship in the contextual research setting of emerging markets while leveraging more diversified theoretical bases and multiple levels of research design.

Details

Cross Cultural & Strategic Management, vol. 27 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/CCSM-03-2019-0055
ISSN: 2059-5794

Keywords

  • Performance
  • Antecedents
  • Literature review
  • Internationalization
  • Moderators

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Case study
Publication date: 12 July 2017

ePuja: Seek, Discover, Get Blessed

Malay Patel and Amit Karna

The case is about an online venture that enables believers to pursue their faith in the several Hindu gods and goddesses in India. The beliefs of the around 1.2 billion…

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Abstract

The case is about an online venture that enables believers to pursue their faith in the several Hindu gods and goddesses in India. The beliefs of the around 1.2 billion population of India in the divine, serve as a lucrative market for religious and spiritual services. Further, India is an ideal market for spiritual and religious services because Indians generally spend on religion and spiritual activities on a daily basis. In 2016, India's religious and spiritual market was estimated at about USD 30 billion. ePuja is an entrepreneurial venture that has been initiated in the e-commerce space to cater to this large market in the religious and spiritual sector. The case describes the entrepreneurial journey of Shivakumar and an angel investor Chetan Merchant and their dilemma in scaling up this venture to the next level of growth.

Details

Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, vol. no.
Type: Case Study
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/CASE.IIMA.2019.000029
ISSN: 2633-3260
Published by: Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad

Keywords

  • Spiritual and religious services
  • Entrepreneurship
  • Online business

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Case study
Publication date: 26 October 2016

Drivers420.com: Organising Transporters

Amarpreet K. Singh Ghura and Amit Karna

This case describes a situation in which Malkit Singh Bal (Bal) partner of Bal Roadlines shares with Mr. Ghura, who was about to be hired as consultant for Bal Roadlines…

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Abstract

This case describes a situation in which Malkit Singh Bal (Bal) partner of Bal Roadlines shares with Mr. Ghura, who was about to be hired as consultant for Bal Roadlines, about the rise in issue of fraud and crime done by the fleet drivers and asked him to help a way out to solve the problem. The purpose of this case is to provide an opportunity to the participants of an MBA or Management Executive Education Programme to step into the shoes of Ghura, a consultant and to explore the options and to select the best possible option to offer a solution to Bal. The context for this involvement is the rise in fraud and crime done by the fleet drivers.

Details

Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, vol. no.
Type: Case Study
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/CASE.IIMA.2020.000041
ISSN: 2633-3260
Published by: Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad

Keywords

  • Startup
  • Decision Making
  • Idea Generation
  • Human Resource
  • Business Model

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Case study
Publication date: 22 March 2019

AuthBridge Research Services Pvt. Ltd

Promila Agarwal and Amit Karna

AuthBridge is a leading Background Screening & Risk Assessment Company. Founded in 2005, its mission is to be among the top and dominant in every line of business it…

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Abstract

AuthBridge is a leading Background Screening & Risk Assessment Company. Founded in 2005, its mission is to be among the top and dominant in every line of business it undertakes with its creative, continually improving solutions. AuthBridge has 200 clients in 2015, and wishes to grow to serve 2000 clients by 2020. The case outlines the process it has adopted till date, and the journey of entrepreneur in terms of how he reached there. The founder faces the dilemma of whether he should scale this business model in other countries (emerging markets?) and what part of his model should be imitated and what part adapted. Through this case learners can understand the entrepreneurial journey of a serial entrepreneur and how he identified an opportunity in the market. The case also enables classroom discussions on developing a business model from the scratch, and how to set up efficient processes in a new venture.

Details

Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, vol. no.
Type: Case Study
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/CASE.IIMA.2020.000187
ISSN: 2633-3260
Published by: Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad

Keywords

  • Entrepreneurship

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Article
Publication date: 13 July 2015

Doing social good on a sustainable basis: competitive advantage of social businesses

Kaushik Roy and Amit Karna

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the capabilities of social entrepreneurship (SE) firms and how they achieve competitive advantage while engaging in social…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the capabilities of social entrepreneurship (SE) firms and how they achieve competitive advantage while engaging in social value creation. The authors employ a business model perspective to understand the (self-) sustaining mechanism for social good.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors carry out an in-depth investigation of three SE ventures. The authors analyse the history of these ventures to determine how they achieved competitive advantage. The cases are analysed based on the internal development in the context of environmental support.

Findings

The authors find that SE ventures, like all other organisations, achieve competitive advantage based on available resources such as reputation and network of the founder, managerial experience and other corporate resources within the firm. The authors also find that the competitive advantage often comes from innovate usage – a practice that is reinforced by the support from institutional environment.

Research limitations/implications

Due to the case study approach, the research is aimed at theoretical development within the social business literature. The approach makes it difficult for the findings to be universally generalisable. The authors therefore envisage future researchers to test the theoretical propositions.

Practical implications

Based on the analysis, the authors conclude that distinct capabilities of social businesses help them achieve competitive advantage, and that policy makers should institutionally support these ventures. The findings stress the importance of resources in sustainability and effectiveness of emerging market SE.

Originality/value

The application of a business model perspective in SE is unique, and advances the understanding of social businesses from a strategic management perspective.

Details

Management Decision, vol. 53 no. 6
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-09-2014-0561
ISSN: 0025-1747

Keywords

  • Resource-based view
  • Emerging markets
  • Institutional support
  • Social entrepreneurship

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Book part
Publication date: 13 August 2014

Strategic Archetypes of Emerging Market Multinationals: Analysis of Outward FDI of Indian Firms

Amit Karna, Rajesh Upadhyayula and Vikas Kumar

Emerging Market Multinationals (EMNCs) are often seen as firms with singular identity. While they may share certain characteristics, EMNCs are seldom orchestrated and…

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Abstract

Emerging Market Multinationals (EMNCs) are often seen as firms with singular identity. While they may share certain characteristics, EMNCs are seldom orchestrated and managed in the same manner. Through a cluster analysis of outward foreign direct investment data of EMNCs from India, we propose taxonomy of EMNCs based on their mode of operation, industry in which they operate, region where they invest and the amount invested. We use a dataset spread over 2007–2013, constituting investment data of 4,824 Indian firms into 7,238 foreign entities. Based on a two-step clustering approach, we propose three strategic archetypes of EMNCs: Global Service Providers, Integrated Manufacturers, and Established Internationalizers. The Global Service Providers mainly consists of firms operating in developed markets with an intention to serve their client needs through wholly owned subsidiaries. Integrated Manufacturers are firms that are primarily operating in other developing markets to sell their products through joint ventures and also present in developed markets through wholly owned subsidiaries – to acquire technology and other resources. The Established Internationalizers are large EMNCs with highest levels of investments, and relatively similar to the Western multinationals. We analyze the characteristics of these three groups of EMNCs based on their strategy and investment behavior, to derive insights into the heterogeneity across EMNCs. We discuss our findings and lay out future directions for research in the area.

Details

Orchestration of the Global Network Organization
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1571-502720140000027030
ISBN: 978-1-78350-953-9

Keywords

  • Emerging Market Multinationals
  • outward FDI
  • cluster analysis
  • India

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Book part
Publication date: 13 August 2014

List of Contributors

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Details

Orchestration of the Global Network Organization
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1571-502720140000027021
ISBN: 978-1-78350-953-9

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Book part
Publication date: 13 August 2014

Authors’ Biographies

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Abstract

Details

Orchestration of the Global Network Organization
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1571-502720140000027018
ISBN: 978-1-78350-953-9

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