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The present experimental study aims to investigate when a food safety incident occurs, how country image influences consumers' trust and purchase intention, as well as the relationship between trust and purchase intention.

Participants (N = 1,590) were randomly allocated into one of the eight conditions [(country competence: high vs low) × (country warmth: high vs low) × (clean green image: high vs low)], read the corresponding country image descriptions, and rated measures on trust in food safety and quality, and purchase intention of fruit imported from this exporting country before and after reading a fictional food safety incident scenario.

Results showed that the food safety incident led to a significant decrease in trust and purchase intention across all conditions. However, trust in food safety and quality, and purchase intention were still higher in high competence, warmth or clean green image conditions. The decreased magnitude of trust in food safety was larger when country competence and clean green image was high, and when country warmth was low. Food safety incident caused purchase intention to become more dependent on trust in food safety than food quality.

This study provides a novel insight into the impacts of food safety incidents on consumers' responses in different country image contexts including the human-related and environment-related dimensions.

The purpose of this paper is to develop an integrative model where perceived competence, perceived warmth and “clean green image” of an exporting country are drivers for Chinese consumers' trust in food quality and food safety, which in turn predict their willingness to buy fresh fruit from this country.

Participants (N = 1,583) from the three metropolises in China were surveyed on their perceptions of the competence, warmth and clean green image of seven contrasting exporting countries and their trust in quality, trust in safety and willingness to buy fresh fruit imported from those countries.

Results support the proposed integrative model, explaining 39%–55% of the variance in willingness to buy. Clean green image was the strongest predictor of willingness to buy through enhanced trust in food quality. The effects of country competence and warmth on willingness to buy through trust in food safety and quality varied with exporting country.

The integrative model and findings of this study can help agri-food industries develop an in-depth understanding of Chinese consumers and to develop targeted strategies to increase willingness to buy through improving consumer trust in food quality and safety.

This study extends the country image framework which previously only consisted of human characteristics (i.e. perceived competence and warmth) by incorporating environmental characteristics (i.e. clean green image) in examining consumers' willingness to buy imported fresh fruit.

Beginners and even experienced ones have difficulties in completing the structural fire analysis due to numerical difficulties such as convergence errors and singularity and have to spend a lot of time making many repetitive changes on the model. The aim of this article is to highlight the advantages of explicit solver which can eliminate the mentioned difficulties in finite element analysis containing highly nonlinear contacts, clearance between modeled parts at the beginning and large deflections because of high temperature. This article provides important information, especially for researchers and engineers who are new to structural fire analysis.

The finite element method is utilized to achieve mentioned purposes. First, a comparative study is conducted between implicit and explicit solvers by using Abaqus. Then, a validation process is carried out to illustrate the explicit process by using sequentially coupled heat transfer and structural analysis.

Explicit analysis offers an easier solution than implicit analysis for modeling multi-bolted connections under high temperatures. An optimum mesh density for bolted connections is presented to reflect the realistic structural behavior. Presented explicit process with the offered mesh density is used in the validation of an experimental study on multi-bolted splice connection under ISO 834 standard fire curve. A good agreement is achieved.

What makes the study valuable is that the points to be considered in the structural fire analysis are examined and it is a guide that future researchers can benefit from. This is especially true for modeling and analysis of multi-bolted connections in finite element software under high temperatures. The article can help to shorten and even eliminate the iterative debugging phases, which is a problematic and very time-consuming process for many researchers.