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Article
Publication date: 1 December 1931

Provision must be made on all aeroplanes for the rapid egress of passengers and crew in emergency. Fulfilment of the requirements detailed below will normally be regarded as…

Abstract

Provision must be made on all aeroplanes for the rapid egress of passengers and crew in emergency. Fulfilment of the requirements detailed below will normally be regarded as sufficient, but departures may be permitted or required in particular cases.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 3 no. 12
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

Article
Publication date: 8 June 2022

Anna Kowalska and Tomasz Goetzendorf-Grabowski

The purpose of the presented aileron modification analysis is the improvement of the flight handling by eliminating adverse phenomena in the aileron area, such as aileron shaking…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of the presented aileron modification analysis is the improvement of the flight handling by eliminating adverse phenomena in the aileron area, such as aileron shaking movements, without the risk of deterioration of flow characteristics during manoeuvres. It was also crucial to reduce aileron forces acting on the control stick.

Design/methodology/approach

Numerical CFD analysis of the aileron system with modifications of sealing in the aileron gap area were performed. The effect of the caulking strip at the upper surface of the aileron gap was determined, as well as caulking at the entrance to the aileron gap on the bottom surface. A solution has also been proposed, consisting of completely closing the aileron gap by using a diaphragm. The three-dimensional flow analysis was carried out, allowing localization of the flow disturbances in the aileron gap at cruising speed. The result of the analysis are the aerodynamic and the hinge moment coefficients determining forces on the control stick, depending on the type of seals.

Findings

It has been shown that the use of subsequent sealing means has a direct impact on the hinge moment value. The results of the CFD analysis showed that the more closed aileron gap is, the higher aileron forces are generated on the control stick. Completely closing the flow in the aileron gap changes the character of the force generated on the control stick.

Practical implications

Through CFD analyses of the aileron gap sealing in the PZL-130 Orlik aircraft, the impact of successive aileron gap sealing on the aileron efficiency was determined. It has been shown that simple change of the aileron gap size by the slat sealing can significantly affect the value of the forces generated on the control stick.

Originality/value

The research using CFD methods allowed to verify the impact of the particular type of aileron gap sealing on the hinge moment value and thus to determine proper sealing configuration for the PZL-130 Orlik aircraft at low computational cost.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 95 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1748-8842

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 March 1954

E.G. MA Broadbent and A.F.R.Ae.S.

THE primary duties of an aircraft design team are to design an aircraft capable of meeting a certain specification of performance and manoeuvrability with suitable flying…

Abstract

THE primary duties of an aircraft design team are to design an aircraft capable of meeting a certain specification of performance and manoeuvrability with suitable flying qualities, and to ensure that it will be strong enough to withstand any aerodynamic loads it may suffer in flight. It will be found that the aircraft when built is not a rigid structure, but this in itself is not important. We are all familiar with the flexing of an aircraft's wings when struck by a sharp gust of wind in flight, but as long as the wings are strong enough no harm is done. On the contrary, in a passenger aircraft the flexibility of the wings in bending will have a favourable effect, as it will cushion the passengers to some extent from the suddenness of the gust. Flexibility of the structure, however, is not always beneficial and it often introduces new difficulties in the designer's problems. These difficulties arise when the deformation of the aircraft structure introduces additional aerodynamic forces of appreciable magnitude. The additional forces will themselves cause deformation of the structure which may introduce still further aerodynamic forces, and so on. It is interactions of this type between elastic and aerodynamic forces which lead to the oscillatory phenomenon of flutter, and to the non‐oscillatory phenomena of divergence and reversal of control. The study of these three aero‐elastic problems becomes more important as aircraft speeds increase, because increase of design speeds leads to more slender aircraft with thinner wings, and therefore to relatively greater flexibility of the structure. The dangers, in fact, are such that the designers of a modern high‐performance aircraft have to spend considerable effort on the prediction of aero‐elastic effects in order that suitable safeguards can be included in the design. By far the greatest part of this effort is spent on flutter, which will be discussed in Parts II, III and IV of this series, but any of the three problems may force the designers to increase the structural stiffness of parts of the aircraft. The wing skin thickness on a modern aircraft, for example, is nearly always designed by consideration either of aileron reversal or wing flutter. Divergence is usually less important but as it is the simplest of the three phenomena to treat analytically, we shall study it first.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 26 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

Article
Publication date: 1 October 1947

F.B. Baker

THE normal control surfaces of an aeroplane are the elevator (for pitching); the rudder (for yawing); and the ailerons (for rolling). In certain cases the ailerons may be replaced…

Abstract

THE normal control surfaces of an aeroplane are the elevator (for pitching); the rudder (for yawing); and the ailerons (for rolling). In certain cases the ailerons may be replaced or augmented by spoilers, conveniently placed just in front of the ailerons, or at the same chordal position further inboard.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 19 no. 10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

Article
Publication date: 1 April 1929

R.A. Frazer

FOR all stiffness ratios, there is clearly a marked increase of critical speed when the centre of inertia is as far forward as the flexural centre.

Abstract

FOR all stiffness ratios, there is clearly a marked increase of critical speed when the centre of inertia is as far forward as the flexural centre.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 1 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

Article
Publication date: 1 November 1947

F.B. Baker

The first step in calculating stick force is to modify the wind tunnel hinge moment curves. This is done by obtaining a curve for b1 at various incidences, and then altering the…

Abstract

The first step in calculating stick force is to modify the wind tunnel hinge moment curves. This is done by obtaining a curve for b1 at various incidences, and then altering the measured hinge moments in accordance with the formula in para. 15. Numerical examples of this process are given in Tables 1, 2, 3, and the new hinge moment curves plotted in figs. 25, 26, 27.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 19 no. 11
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

Article
Publication date: 1 July 1953

Under this heading are published regularly abstracts of all Reports and Memoranda of the Aeronautical Research Council, Reports and Technical Memoranda of the United States…

Abstract

Under this heading are published regularly abstracts of all Reports and Memoranda of the Aeronautical Research Council, Reports and Technical Memoranda of the United States National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and publications of other similar Research Bodies as issued

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 25 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

Article
Publication date: 1 July 1939

Under this heading are published regularly abstracts of all Reports and Memoranda of the Aeronautical Research Committee, Reports and Technical Notes of the U.S. National Advisory…

Abstract

Under this heading are published regularly abstracts of all Reports and Memoranda of the Aeronautical Research Committee, Reports and Technical Notes of the U.S. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and publications of other similar research bodies as issued

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 11 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

Article
Publication date: 1 June 1964

THE Trident has been designed with the objective of achieving freedom from fatigue cracks on the primary structure, during the operational life of the aircraft. Additionally, in…

122

Abstract

THE Trident has been designed with the objective of achieving freedom from fatigue cracks on the primary structure, during the operational life of the aircraft. Additionally, in areas where the fail safe concept can be applied, the design aim has been to provide multiple load paths and/or crack stoppers so that, in the event of any one member failing, the remaining structure can sustain at least limit loads for a longer period than the interval specified between major inspections of the structure. In the places where it is not possible to apply the fail safe concept, that is on flap and slat tracks, tailplane hinge fitting, engine mountings and landing gear, a substantial margin of safe life is provided.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 36 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

Article
Publication date: 1 May 1949

J.H. Parkin

AVIATION has played and is playing an important part in the economic development of the Dominion of Canada. The mapping of huge areas has been accomplished with aircraft and the…

Abstract

AVIATION has played and is playing an important part in the economic development of the Dominion of Canada. The mapping of huge areas has been accomplished with aircraft and the instruments and techniques of air survey and map plotting have been brought to a high state of development in the Dominion. Geological exploration has been facilitated and greatly accelerated by the aeroplane and air transport plays an indispensable role in connexion with northern mining operations. Aerial forest patrol and timber cruising arc widely used in the protection and development of the vast timber resources. In the far north the aeroplane provides a vital service to outlying posts and settlements, meteorological stations and trappers. In the organized air transport of passengers, mail and express, Canadian operations have developed from modest beginnings to the present continental network and services to the United Kingdom, Bermuda and the West Indies. The operational record of the scheduled services, in traffic, economy and safety, is impressive.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 21 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

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