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According to the studies conducted in Iran, the breast cancer is the most frequent type of cancer among women. This study aimed to explore the state of health information supply and demand on breast cancer among Iranian medical researchers and Iranian Web users from 2011 to 2015.

A mixed method research is conducted in this study. In qualitative part, a focus group interview is applied to the users to identify their selected keywords searched for breast cancer in Google. The collected data are analyzed using Open Code software. In quantitative part, data are synthesized using the R software in two parts. First, users’ internet information-seeking behavior (ISB) is analyzed using the Google Trends outputs from 2011 to 2015. Second, the scientific publication behavior of Iranian breast cancer specialists are surveyed using PubMed during the period of the study.

The results show that the search volume index of preferred keywords on breast cancer has increased from 4,119 in 2011 to 4,772 in 2015. Also, the findings reveal that Iranian scholars had 873 scientific papers on breast cancer in PubMed from 2011 to 2015. There was a significant and positive relationship between Iranian ISB in the Google Trends and SPB of Iranian scholars on breast cancer in PubMed.

This study investigates only the state of health information supply and demand in PubMed and Google Trends and not additional databases often used for medical studies and treatment.

This study provides a road map for health policymakers in Iran to direct the breast cancer studies.

The purpose of this paper is to study reading behavior in the digital environment based on demographic factors including faculty, degree and gender among higher education students of Isfahan University.

This study was survey descriptive using a researcher‐made questionnaire and data collection was accomplished using stratified random sampling method. The population of the study was the postgraduate students from seven faculties of Isfahan University. Different aspects of reading behavior were studied including the amount of reading of electronic resources, the style of reading electronic resources, the amount of annotating the electronic and print resources, the amount of printing out electronic documents for reading, and preference of reading medium.

The study showed that the amount of reading of electronic resources is highest in the students of technical and engineering subjects, while the amount of printing out of electronic documents is highest in the faculty of sciences. PhD students usually make use of scanning for reading electronic resources, whereas postgraduate students generally print out more electronic documents.

The findings of this study will help university authorities and digital libraries managers to provide better services to users and students.

With the advent of internet and computers, reading is not the same as in the past. Reading in the digital age has changed and this paper tries to give some insight about the reading behavior of students and their preferences and the differences based on faculty, degree and gender.

The paper's aim is to study the feasibility of establishing digital document supply services in libraries of research institutes and universities in Isfahan province.

The research is of a descriptive survey type. The population under study included librarians working in academic and research institute libraries in Isfahan province. The data were collected via a researcher‐made questionnaire using a five‐point Likert scale.

The study indicates that the feasibility of establishing digital document supply services in academic and research institute libraries in Isfahan province is less than average, which is not desirable.

The paper provides information about the state of document supply services in Iranian academic libraries and research institutes.

The study's main objective is to evaluate the morphological developments in the characteristics of the spatial configurations of the residential layouts in Kerman, Iran, in examining the impact on the level of visual privacy through the spectrum of permeability and wayfinding in space syntax analysis.

In this paper, plan graph analysis is used to measure the syntactic properties of seven topological residential architecture plans in Kerman, Iran, built from the 1970s to 2010s. The methodology involves the development of mathematical measurements to signify permeability and simulation of visibility graph analysis (VGA) to indicate wayfinding.

The findings reveal the residential layouts of Iranian houses tend to be less integrated over decades of design development from the 1970s to 2010s. Reduction in spatial integration corresponds to increase segregation allowing for enhanced visual privacy. The study underpins that, even with the constraints in the scale of the house and reduction in the number of nodes, as evident in the design of the modern residential layout, the efficient level of visual privacy is still achievable with regards to the standards demanded by the local culture.

The study examines the development in residential spatial configuration and building scale on visual privacy through a proposed methodology based on the level of permeability and wayfinding measured as a combined effect using the space syntax analysis and visual accessibility.

The pressure of globalization has raised social concerns related to the protection of the environment, forced companies to use sustainability as a strategic weapon to fulfill the legal obligations and achieve overall competitiveness. It is reported that small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are globally responsible for approximately 70 percent of the industrial pollution, justifying urgent attention to the operations of these businesses. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of sustainability orientation (SO) and supply chain (SC) integration implemented by SMEs on their sustainable procurement (SP) and design. Moreover, this study examines how SMEs’ SP and design affect their environmental and cost performance (CP).

The authors develop a comprehensive model to test the relationships among SC, SC integration, SP, sustainable design (SD), environmental performance (EP) and CP at the SMEs level. The authors investigate the relationships of the mentoned factors by a data set that is collected from 358 Indian manufacturing SMEs.

The results indicate that in the SMEs’ context: SO positively influences both SP and SD; external integration positively affects SP; internal integration positively affects SD; SP positively influences EP and has not impact on CP; and SD positively influences both EP and CP.

This study provides a broad view of the relation between driving factors that may direct SMEs toward a better sustainability performance and offers practical managerial insights into these important business entities.

The hospitality and tourism industry is strongly influenced by new and immersive technologies, such as augmented reality (AR), to enhance customer experiences across a diverse set of touchpoints throughout the visitor journey. This paper aims to provide a holistic understanding of AR marketing for this industry context, present a number of fundamental premises of AR marketing within it and establish an agenda for future AR research.

This study reviews current literature on AR marketing, hospitality and tourism and industry use cases for the creation of a proposed conceptual framework to guide scholars and managers. Based on that, the authors propose fundamental premises.

The three fundamental premises of AR marketing presented are the need to clearly differentiate between AR and virtual reality within hospitality and tourism; the use of AR for the on-trip experience; and the combined focus on content, context, customer and computing devices for a successful strategic implementation of AR.

This study serves as a first point of reference for the strategic integration of AR into hospitality and tourism marketing, both from an industry and academic point of view.

The authors provide a number of managerial recommendations based on our three fundamental premises.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first to holistically characterize AR marketing in the hospitality and tourism context. It also highlights the fundamental premises of successful AR marketing and future directions of AR research today and in a spatial computing future.

Our paper examines how ELT lecturers perceive the feasibility of implementing Peer Observation (PO) in synchronous online settings, drawing on their prior experiences with offline PO. We also aim to identify potential areas for synchronous online PO.

We employed semi-structured interviews with eight lecturers as participants. Data analysis included identifying keywords, transcribing and labeling responses, and sorting and categorizing the themes.

Firstly, our findings indicate that lecturers reported several benefits from conducting offline PO, such as identifying teaching weaknesses, learning new techniques of teaching, gaining motivation, and receiving peer feedback. Participants also agreed that synchronous online PO is feasible and may offer greater benefits, especially with the shift to online teaching. Finally, the interview data highlighted potential areas for observation in synchronous online settings, including both pedagogical and technological aspects.

Firstly, our study did not explore the potential and focus areas of synchronous online PO based on lecturers' actual experiences. Instead, we derived these potential and focuses from their experiences with offline PO. Secondly, the potential observation areas have not been validated.

This study aims to contribute to the existing literature by exploring the potential of synchronous online PO and identifying key aspects for observation. Furthermore, in terms of practical implications, our findings may serve as a basis for developing validated guidelines for synchronous online PO, involving more practitioners. Additionally, lecturers and higher education institutions can consider implementing synchronous online PO to enhance teaching quality.

Previous literature has discussed ELT teachers' perceptions of offline PO, but limited research exists on its implementation in synchronous online contexts. Additionally, identifying potential areas for observation in synchronous online PO remains a concern.

This study aims to determine the effect of mediation on quality of work life (QWL) and job satisfaction in the relationship between spiritual leadership and employee performance conducted on nursing staff of private hospitals in North Sulawesi.

This study focuses on a private hospital in North Sulawesi. The population in this study is all nurses working in three hospitals which became the object of study totaling 292 people. Analysis of structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to test the hypotheses. In this study, the data used are primary data collected by distributing questionnaires. Data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive methods and, the researcher presented data by describing sorted or organized data and documents obtained and scientifically stated.

First, spiritual leadership does not directly affect employee performance. Second, quality of worklife as a mediating variable in the relationship between spiritual leadership to employee performance. Given the marked positive coefficient indicates that the higher the spiritual leadership will cause the higher the employee performance if mediated quality of worklife is also higher. Because the direct effect of spiritual leadership to employee performance is insignificant (with positive coefficient), indicate that quality of Worklife as pure moderator, means that spiritual leadership has a relationship to employee performance, only if the employee has the quality of worklife. Third, quality of Worklife as a mediating variable in the relationship between spiritual leadership to employee performance. Given the marked positive coefficient indicates that the higher the spiritual leadership will cause the higher the employee performance if mediated job satisfaction is also higher. Because the direct effect of spiritual leadership to employee performance is insignificant (with positive coefficient), indicate that quality of worklife as pure moderator means that the spiritual leadership has a relationship to employee performance, only if the employee has the quality of worklife.

The data in this study is still limited to nurses who work in hospitals based on religious foundations and is limited to one city only Manado City North Sulawesi province in Indonesia.

The implications of the results of this study for the development of science are significant by contributing to the discipline of organizational behavior, human resource management and leadership. For people in particular who need health services, the results of this study provide references in choosing organizations engaged in health services whose standards of service have spiritual leadership values. And the implications of the results of this study have consistency with the findings in this study, that the performance of nurses can be influenced by spiritual leadership from the quality of work-life that includes: opportunities to grow, participate in decision-making, have a sense of pride in work, and conditions of work environment Perceived and experienced by nurses getting better and more positive. Likewise, if the nurse's job satisfaction increases because of the well-paying salary, promotion, work team, supervisor and job it will contribute to the improved performance of the nurse.

Originality for this paper shows mediation effect of quality of worklife and job satisfaction in relationship between spiritual leadership toward employee performance; no previous study has studied comprehensively the mediation effect of quality of worklife and job satisfaction in relationship between spiritual leadership toward employee performance. This research is a case study on nursing staff of private hospital in North Sulawesi, Indonesia.

COVID-19 has alerted all stakeholders to the serious challenges of biothreats to humanity and its progress. Tourism as a business has been one of the worst sufferers from the COVID-19 impacts and has been held responsible to an extent for the spread of the virus. The ‘containment, isolation, and restrictions’ of biosafety and biosecurity measures exposed the vulnerability of the tourism industry. The densely populated urban areas in India can always be hot spots for the spread of biovectors from similar biothreats in the future, with a more significant threat to employment from mitigation measures. This theoretical paper combines research from medical science, biology, tourism, and other related areas to develop a thesis that social scientists can add value in designing socially acceptable measures for scientific solutions recommended by experts from medical and other related fields. The general environment of health and hygiene in India needs to be made safer for its population and tourists as a first-level strategy to reduce the risks of biothreats. The next level strategy shall be dominated by science to suggest mitigation measures with parallel action by tourism stakeholders for a socially acceptable face of safety measures.

Delivering premium services and quality products are critical strategies for success in manufacturing. Continuous improvement (CI), as an underlying foundation for quality management, is an ongoing effort allowing manufacturing companies to see beyond the present to create a bright future. We propose a novel integrated fuzzy framework for analyzing the barriers to the implementation of CI in manufacturing companies.

We use the fuzzy failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) and a fuzzy Shannon's entropy to identify and weigh the most significant barriers. We then use fuzzy multi-objective optimization based on ratio analysis (MOORA), the fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and fuzzy simple additive weighting (SAW) methods for prioritizing and ranking the barriers with each method. Finally, we aggregate these results with Copeland's method and extract the main CI implementation barriers in manufacturing.

We show “low cooperation and integration of the team in CI activities” is the most important barrier in CI implementation. Other important barriers are “limited management support in CI activities,” “low employee involvement in CI activities,” “weak communication system in the organization,” and “lack of knowledge in the organization to implement CI projects.”

We initially identify the barriers to the implementation of CI through rigorous literature review and then apply a unique integrated fuzzy approach to identify the most important barriers based on the opinions of industry experts and academics.