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Book part
Publication date: 26 January 2022

Jerry V. Graves

Agricultural and fishery disasters are rather obscure emergency management research topics. However, the Food and Agriculture Sector is one of only 16 critical infrastructure…

Abstract

Agricultural and fishery disasters are rather obscure emergency management research topics. However, the Food and Agriculture Sector is one of only 16 critical infrastructure sectors included in the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act of 1988, and the sector is a vital component of the United States economy. As climate change continues to increase the frequency and severity of agricultural and fishery disasters, the Food and Agricultural Sector must adapt to and cope with unprecedented levels of risk. This chapter provides an overview of federal agricultural and fishery disaster policy and explores whether such policies are consistent with Jerroleman’s (2019)principles of just recovery.

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Justice, Equity, and Emergency Management
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83982-332-9

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Book part
Publication date: 4 November 2021

Stathis Klonaris

Since Greece became a member of the EU and after the implementation of plethora of structural funds programs regarding the agricultural sector, the situation has remained more or…

Abstract

Since Greece became a member of the EU and after the implementation of plethora of structural funds programs regarding the agricultural sector, the situation has remained more or less the same as far as the structural characteristics of the agricultural sector is concerned.

The agricultural sector in Greece accounts for €6.67 billion and contributes 4.3% to the total GVA which is double compared with the average European one (1.6%). The Agricultural Factor income per annual work unit (AWU) has reached 94% of the EU average. During the economic crisis (2009–2013) the value of this index decreased 22% while in the next years an upward trend followed and in 2019 reached the same level as before the economic crisis. During the period 2005–2018, productivity in Greece showed moderate and negative TFP growth numbers while in the same period, the TFP growth was stronger in the EU presenting an increase of 10%. The trade balance of agri-food products in Greece is negative, although recently this trade deficit has been reduced following an improvement in the agri-food sector's export performance. The value of agri-food products exports amount to €6.04 billion, which are the third largest category of exported goods. Also, the value of exports of manufactured products rose 70% during the period 2009–2019 against the exports of commodities, which also rose with a lower rate (25%), something that it is positive for the Greek economy, given the higher added value of manufactured products. Under the current Common Agricultural Policy Action Plan (2014–2020), Greece has a guaranteed flow of around €20 billion for direct support of agricultural income through direct payments (Pillar I) and has earmarked €15 billion and the remaining €5 billion under the Rural Development Program, (Pillar II). However, the direct payments are not allocated fairly.

The COVID-19 pandemic crisis hit the entire Greek economy and the agri-food sector which has just recovered from the recent economic crisis. However, during this crisis, the Greek agro-food chain has demonstrated great resilience to guarantee the supply of food to consumers. In the era of COVID-19, the key factors that can be employed by agri-food industry as a strategy for penetrating in global markets, are (1) Focus on developed markets, (2) Marketing in branded form (not bulk), and ideally emphasis on the uniqueness of the raw material, and (3) Sufficient volume of products to gain a leading share in the premium segment of the market. In addition, knowledge and innovation have a key role to play in helping farmers and rural communities meet future challenges. Finally, the only way in order to achieve economies of scale in the agri-food sector is to increase the level of cooperation at all levels by any available means.

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Modeling Economic Growth in Contemporary Greece
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80071-123-5

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Abstract

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Public Policy and Governance Frontiers in New Zealand
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83867-455-7

Book part
Publication date: 28 August 2023

Wioleta Kucharska and Denise Bedford

This chapter describes public agriculture services’ business goals, purpose, and strategy. It reinforces agriculture organizations’ fundamental bureaucratic administrative culture…

Abstract

Chapter Summary

This chapter describes public agriculture services’ business goals, purpose, and strategy. It reinforces agriculture organizations’ fundamental bureaucratic administrative culture (Tier 1). The authors describe the influence that political appointees as leaders may play in shaping public sector cultures. The bureaucratic culture of agriculture is deconstructed, and each of the five layers is described in detail. Additionally, the authors explain why behavior is the dominant layer and the most critical starting point for understanding agriculture cultures. The public service culture (Tier 2) brings an essential element of leveling, access, and equity to the larger context. It brings the focus back to service to the people and community rather than performance. It also gives greater emphasis to the role of safety and well-being. The chapter lays out the landscape of external influencing cultures (Tier 3) in agriculture. Finally, the potential value and challenges of developing internal knowledge, learning, and collaboration (KLC) cultures (Tier 4) are explored.

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The Cultures of Knowledge Organizations: Knowledge, Learning, Collaboration (KLC)
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83909-336-4

Book part
Publication date: 23 November 2020

Tekalign Gutu Sakketa and Nicolas Gerber

Within the framework of potential efforts and strategies to employment generation for young people in Africa in general and Ethiopia in particular, the agricultural sector is…

Abstract

Within the framework of potential efforts and strategies to employment generation for young people in Africa in general and Ethiopia in particular, the agricultural sector is increasingly considered as an important sector and a valuable means for poverty reduction, the promotion of economic development, and youth's economic independence. Renewed hope is placed on the sector to offer sustainable livelihood prospects for the rural youth. Yet, the success and sustainability of the sector require a proper understanding of how households allocate youth labor time in the sector and whether agricultural labor supply is responsive to economic incentives such as shadow wages. Using gender- and age-specific plot-level panel data, we systematically analyze the impacts of shadow wages of each household member on youth agricultural labor supply across types of farms. The results indicate that agricultural shadow wages matter for the youth's labor supply in the sector, but the impact differs for male and female youth. We also show that trends and patterns of youth labor supply vary across gender and whether they work on their own farm, and so do their labor returns. The results are consistent after controlling for individual heterogeneity and instrumenting for possible endogeneity. Taking into account the intensity of youth's actual involvement in the family farm, own farm or off-farm work instead of their stated intentions, the results challenge the presumption that youth are abandoning agriculture, at least in agricultural potential areas of Ethiopia. Instead, the frequent narrative of youth disengaging from agriculture may be a result of methodological flaws or data limitations. The findings suggest that it is necessary to invest in agricultural development to enhance labor productivity and employability of young people in agriculture.

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Change at Home, in the Labor Market, and On the Job
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83909-933-5

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Agricultural Markets
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-44482-481-3

Book part
Publication date: 8 November 2019

Natallia Kireyenka

The agro-industrial complex (AIC) of Belarus is one of the priority sectors of the national economy, which performs economic, social, environmental and cultural functions. The…

Abstract

The agro-industrial complex (AIC) of Belarus is one of the priority sectors of the national economy, which performs economic, social, environmental and cultural functions. The main trends in the development of the industry on modern business conditions are presented in the section. The goals, objectives, and mechanisms for the implementation of the state programs of development of the AIC are analyzed. The directions and measures of state support for agriculture are reasonable, the actual structure of the “green box” and “yellow box” measures is presented. Approaches and mechanisms to ensure national food security are highlighted in the light of new conditions, goals, and objectives. The results of the foreign trade in agricultural products of Belarus and rural development and social infrastructure of the village are presented. Scenarios for the development of agriculture in Belarus, taking into account national priorities in the field of agricultural production, the domestic consumer market, foreign trade, have been developed.

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Modeling Economic Growth in Contemporary Belarus
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83867-695-7

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Book part
Publication date: 13 December 2018

Sérgio Pedro

The contemporary production, distribution, and consumption of food is today interconnected at the global level in the form of a global food chain, constituted by the relations…

Abstract

The contemporary production, distribution, and consumption of food is today interconnected at the global level in the form of a global food chain, constituted by the relations between all the producers, distributors, and consumers of food in the World. A chain where the international trade law constitutes a conditioning element, which through the legal adoption of neoliberal ideals facilitates the strengthening of the agribusiness sector.

The present article aims to assess the environmental impact of the global food chain and engaging in the discussion of the adoption of more sustainable methodologies in the agriculture sector. By mobilizing the experience of participation in Civil Society Network for Food and Nutrition Security in the Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries (REDSAN-CCPL), we will critically expose the causal link of the activities of transnational corporations of the agribusiness sector with its environmental and public health impacts, particularly with cases in Global South countries (countries of the Community of Countries of Portuguese Language, CCPL).

At the end, and, following closely the current discussion at the United Nations level for the creation of a Declaration of the Rights of Peasants, and the creation, in 2017, of a legal regime for family farming under the CCPL, we will present a defense for the legal recognition of family farming at the international level, as a legal and political strategy to preclude the negative environmental impacts of the agribusiness sector.

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Environmental Impacts of Transnational Corporations in the Global South
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78756-034-5

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Book part
Publication date: 1 October 2008

Raphael Bar-El

The trends of growth in total product in Ceara and in each economic sector are shown in Table 1. For the sake of simplicity, we call “agriculture” all crop and cattle or fishing…

Abstract

The trends of growth in total product in Ceara and in each economic sector are shown in Table 1. For the sake of simplicity, we call “agriculture” all crop and cattle or fishing activities; “industry” includes manufacturing, construction, and utilities; and “services” includes all kinds of services, including private and public, economic services, and social services.

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Regional Development and Conflict Management: A Case for Brazil
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-84855-191-6

Book part
Publication date: 1 April 2006

Channing Arndt, Sam Jones and Finn Tarp

We consider the relationship between external aid and development in Mozambique from 1980–2004, identifying the specific mechanisms through which aid has influenced the…

Abstract

We consider the relationship between external aid and development in Mozambique from 1980–2004, identifying the specific mechanisms through which aid has influenced the developmental trajectory of the country. We undertake both a growth accounting analysis and review the intended and unintended effects of aid at the micro-level. Sustained aid flows to Mozambique, in conflict and post-conflict periods, have made an unambiguous, positive contribution to rapid growth since 1992. However, proliferation of donors and aid-supported interventions has burdened local administration, indicating a need for deeper domestic government accountability. To sustain growth, Mozambique must maximize benefits from natural resources while promoting constructive international market integration.

Details

Theory and Practice of Foreign Aid
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-444-52765-3

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