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21 – 30 of over 1000B.G. Batchelor and S.M. Cotter
The automatic visual sensing of aerosol sprays has many advantages over alternative techniques. This article suggests various measurements which could form the basis of an…
Abstract
The automatic visual sensing of aerosol sprays has many advantages over alternative techniques. This article suggests various measurements which could form the basis of an inspection system and illustrates their use on sprays produced by a can of furniture polish. The extension of these ideas to other applications is also discussed.
Briefly discusses the search for alternatives to CFCs in aerosols for precision cleaning applications. Gives properties of several solvents used in cleaning applications…
Abstract
Briefly discusses the search for alternatives to CFCs in aerosols for precision cleaning applications. Gives properties of several solvents used in cleaning applications. Considers five key parameters for selecting a solvent for aerosol applications.
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Salomon Obahoundje, Vami Hermann N'guessan Bi, Arona Diedhiou, Ben Kravitz and John C. Moore
Three Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 models involved in the G4 experiment of the Geoengineering Model Inter-comparison Project (GeoMIP) project were used to…
Abstract
Purpose
Three Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 models involved in the G4 experiment of the Geoengineering Model Inter-comparison Project (GeoMIP) project were used to investigate the impact of stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) on the mean surface air temperature and precipitation extremes in Africa.
Design/methodology/approach
This impact was examined under G4 and Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenarios on the total precipitation, the number of rainy days (RR1) and of days with heavy rainfall (R20 mm), the rainfall intensity (SDII), the maximum length of consecutive wet (CWD) and dry (CDD) days and on the maximum rainfall in five consecutive days (Rx5day) across four regions: Western Africa (WAF), Eastern Africa (EAF), Northern Africa and Southern Africa (SAF).
Findings
During the 50 years (2020–2069) of SAI, mean continental warming is −0.40°C lower in G4 than under RCP4.5. During the post-injection period (2070–2090), the temperature continues to increase, but at a lower rate (−0.19°C) than in RCP4.5. During SAI, annual rainfall in G4 is significantly greater than in RCP4.5 over the high latitudes (especially over SAF) and lower over the tropics. The termination of SAI leads to a significant increase of rainfall over Sahel and EAF and a decrease over SAF and Guinea Coast (WAF).
Practical implications
Compared to RCP4.5, SAI will contribute to reducing significantly regional warming but with a significant decrease of rainfall in the tropics where rainfed agriculture account for a large part of the economies. After the SAI period, the risk of drought over the extratropical regions (especially in SAF) will be mitigated, while the risk of floods will be exacerbated in the Central Sahel.
Originality/value
To meet the Paris Agreement, African countries will implement mitigation measures to contribute to keep the surface air temperature below 2°C. Geoengineering with SAI is suggested as an option to meet this challenge, but its implication on the African climate system needs a deep investigation in the aim to understand the impacts on temperature and precipitation extremes. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the potential impact of SAI using the G4 experiment of GeoMIP on temperature and precipitation extremes of the African continent.
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A chemical aerosol mixing/blending plant has been supplied by D. H. Industries Ltd of River Road, Barking Essex, to National Oil and Chemical Marketing Co Ltd, a company jointly…
Abstract
A chemical aerosol mixing/blending plant has been supplied by D. H. Industries Ltd of River Road, Barking Essex, to National Oil and Chemical Marketing Co Ltd, a company jointly owned by the Federal Government of Nigeria and the Royal Dutch Shell Group.
Despite the fact that a number of salt‐spray tests have been standardised, it can be said that there is no method at the moment which so tests material as to establish with…
Abstract
Despite the fact that a number of salt‐spray tests have been standardised, it can be said that there is no method at the moment which so tests material as to establish with certainty the relationship between behaviour under tests and behaviour under natural conditions. The chamber which has been developed and in use for about three years in the P.T.T. laboratories should, however, serve to eliminate a number of different sources of error and to fill certain gaps.
Among others, the resuspension of fine and ultrafine particulate matters (PMs) on air due by land take effect is an uncovered issue. The relation between land use change and…
Abstract
Purpose
Among others, the resuspension of fine and ultrafine particulate matters (PMs) on air due by land take effect is an uncovered issue. The relation between land use change and fluxes of PM is not systematically observed even if the common classification of ecosystem services (ESs) clearly shows relationship between soil and aerosol concentrations. Soil does not act only as carbon pool, but it is also a crucial variable for the resuspension dynamic of particulates. If key policies of sustainable urban development is focused on “quality of life,” it is necessary to map and evaluate the effect of land take on airborne fluxes in metropolitan areas. The paper aims to discuss these issues.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper allows to introduce pioneer studies on air quality in large urban areas outling a methodology of particulate field measurement. It introduces newer quantitative/qualitative assessment of environmental effect due to urbanization ensuring a major efficiency on ES degradation.
Findings
Expected results are the estimation of resuspension dynamics of aerosol for typical land cover pattern.
Research limitations/implications
Implications are mainly destinated to increase significant knowledge and general awareness of the environmental effect caused by urban growth: urban areas act as a hotspot for health risk as both particle sources and human population are concentrated in these areas.
Originality/value
Considering that cardiovascular diseases are significantly caused by air quality, the paper aims to support sustainable planning policies aimed to achieve a better quality of environment on urban areas.
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M.J. Root and M.J. Maury
Since the advent of cosmetic aerosols in metal cans, corrosion has taken its place as a major problem in the formulation of these products. Much corrosion information can be…
Abstract
Since the advent of cosmetic aerosols in metal cans, corrosion has taken its place as a major problem in the formulation of these products. Much corrosion information can be gathered by electrochemical measurement that cannot be obtained in any other way. This article, which deals with these modern systems, is an abridged version of a paper presented to the Society of Comestic Chemists, May 1959, in New York.
The flux residues on almost all soldered printed circuit boards are removed using the chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) 113. In just one year's time production of this solvent will almost…
Abstract
The flux residues on almost all soldered printed circuit boards are removed using the chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) 113. In just one year's time production of this solvent will almost certainly be curtailed, on a scale agreed internationally. This is a major issue that needs to be addressed urgently by the electronics assembly industry worldwide. This paper presents (i) the background that has led to the restrictions being placed on production and consumption of solvent 113, (ii) the international agreement and timetable for the implementation of the restrictions and (iii) the perceived opportunities that are available to the electronics assembly industry to meet this challenge.
Anti‐corrosive Aerosol The Aerosol Packaging Co. Ltd. are filling aerosols with an anti‐corrosion preparation for Suntester Ltd. of Barking, Essex.