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Book part
Publication date: 11 May 2012

Lucy Budd and Tim Ryley

Purpose – To examine the relationship between aviation and climate change, and the international dimensions of air transport.Methodology/approach – A review of aviation's impacts…

Abstract

Purpose – To examine the relationship between aviation and climate change, and the international dimensions of air transport.

Methodology/approach – A review of aviation's impacts on the global climate, mitigation strategies to reduce this impact, and the possible consequences of climate change for commercial aviation.

Findings – Although a range of mitigation measures have been developed and implemented to reduce aircraft emissions in the short term, with some environmental benefit, there is a real need for the aviation sector to identify the possible impacts of climate change on air travel operations, both to aircraft in flight and to operations at airports. A further challenge will be to devise adaptation plans that will address the vulnerabilities and thus ensure safe aviation-related operations.

Social implications – The climate change impacts of aviation will adversely affect society. In addition, some individuals may have to reduce or stop flying as a result of increased taxes and legislation implemented in response to climate change.

Originality/value of paper – There is a novel focus on the adaptation challenges for the aviation industry in response to climate change.

Details

Transport and Climate Change
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78052-440-5

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 8 October 2018

Christin L. Munsch and Elizabeth S. Zack

An accelerometer is a device that measures force due to gravity or a change in speed or direction of travel. This paper describes accelerometers and their application in other…

Abstract

Purpose

An accelerometer is a device that measures force due to gravity or a change in speed or direction of travel. This paper describes accelerometers and their application in other disciplines and, by way of an example, explores the utility of accelerometers for studying aggression. We end with a discussion of additional ways accelerometers might be used in group processes research.

Methodology

We first review the use of accelerometers in other disciplines. We then present the results of four studies that demonstrate the use of accelerometers to measure aggression. Study 1 establishes the measure’s concurrent validity. Study 2 concerns its stability and representative reliability. Study 3 seeks to establish the measure’s predictive validity by associating it with an existing measure. Study 4 demonstrates the ability of accelerometers to address a sociological research question.

Findings

In Studies 1 and 2, we find that accelerometers can be used to differentiate between distinct levels of aggression. In Study 3, we find that men’s average peak acceleration correlates with a previously validated measure of aggression. Study 4 uses accelerometers to reproduce a well-established finding in the aggression literature.

Practical Implications

We conclude that accelerometers are a flexible tool for group processes’ researchers and social scientists more broadly. Our findings should prove useful to social scientists interested in measuring aggression or in employing accelerometers in their work.

Book part
Publication date: 8 November 2010

Anthony E. Smith

Systems theory and open systems principles trace their origins to the life sciences. Our observations of living systems also inform the design and management of sustainable…

Abstract

Systems theory and open systems principles trace their origins to the life sciences. Our observations of living systems also inform the design and management of sustainable communities and organizations. Grounded in the patterns of living systems and social ecologies, the stewardship design principles (SDP) – balance, interdependence, regeneration, diversity, and succession (BIRDS) – can increase the agility of sustainable design practitioners in ramping up from small-scale experiments to large-scale systems change. The urgency of addressing global challenges such as climate change calls upon social change practitioners – be they business leaders, social entrepreneurs, or both – to create and/or adapt tools to increase the velocity and range of positive social change. Case vignettes in the design of small-scale experiments illustrate how the application of stewardship design principles can help expedite larger systemic change at the regional, statewide, and national levels.

Details

Positive Design and Appreciative Construction: From Sustainable Development to Sustainable Value
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-85724-370-6

Book part
Publication date: 23 December 2013

Lucy Budd and Thomas Budd

To examine the role of new aeronautical technologies in improving commercial aviation’s environmental performance.

Abstract

Purpose

To examine the role of new aeronautical technologies in improving commercial aviation’s environmental performance.

Methodology/approach

Reviews the environmental improvements that may be conferred through the adoption of alternative aviation fuels and new airframe, engine and navigation technologies.

Findings

Although aeronautical technologies have evolved considerably since the earliest days of powered flight, the aviation industry is now reaching a point of diminishing returns as growing global consumer demand for air transport outstrips incremental improvements in environmental efficiency. The chapter describes some of the technological interventions that are being pursued to improve aviation’s environmental performance and discusses the extent to which these innovations will help to deliver a more sustainable aviation industry.

Details

Sustainable Aviation Futures
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78190-595-1

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 8 August 2022

David Thompson and Giacomo Squicciarini

The public’s awareness of noise and vibration forms a significant barrier to further development of railways. This chapter begins with a short introduction to the main fundamental

Abstract

The public’s awareness of noise and vibration forms a significant barrier to further development of railways. This chapter begins with a short introduction to the main fundamental aspects of acoustics, including decibels, frequency analysis, the propagation of sound with distance and common measurement quantities. The main sources of railway noise are discussed, including rolling noise, impact noise, curve squeal and aerodynamic noise. Simple calculation procedures are described that can be used to assess the impact of railway noise and to compare it with legal limits. The final section is devoted to ground vibration, which is a related form of environmental disturbance.

Details

Sustainable Railway Engineering and Operations
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83909-589-4

Keywords

Abstract

Details

Airport Design and Operation
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78441-869-4

Abstract

Details

Airport Design and Operation
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-08-054643-8

Content available
Book part
Publication date: 8 August 2022

Abstract

Details

Sustainable Railway Engineering and Operations
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83909-589-4

Book part
Publication date: 1 January 2005

Morris B. Holbrook

Abstract

Details

Review of Marketing Research
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-85724-723-0

Book part
Publication date: 4 December 2014

Sharon Cullinane

Long haul freight transport imposes huge negative environmental externalities on society. Although these can never be entirely eliminated, they can be reduced. The purpose of this…

Abstract

Purpose

Long haul freight transport imposes huge negative environmental externalities on society. Although these can never be entirely eliminated, they can be reduced. The purpose of this chapter is to analyse some of the many mitigating measures, or interventions, that can be used.

Methodology/approach

The approach used in this chapter is to review the literature and provide an overview of the main theoretical and practical mitigation measures available to transport operators.

Research limitations

There are literally thousands of possible mitigation measures and combinations that can be used by operators to reduce their environmental footprint. Each of these measures warrants a separate chapter. This chapter can only present an overview of the principle available measures. Although some mainland European examples are used, it is acknowledged that the examples used are somewhat skewed towards the United Kingdom.

Originality/value of the chapter

The value of the chapter is in bringing together some of the many measures and approaches that can be used to reduce the environmental externalities of long haul freight transport. Much of the information on such interventions is based on industrial and EU project sources rather than purely academic research and so is less likely to be found in academic journals.

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