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Article
Publication date: 26 October 2020

The building blocks of organizational resilience: a review of the empirical literature

Kijan Vakilzadeh and Alexander Haase

Resilience is critical for organizations in today's volatile business environment, yet some will survive (and even thrive) despite adversity, while others will perish. Why…

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Abstract

Purpose

Resilience is critical for organizations in today's volatile business environment, yet some will survive (and even thrive) despite adversity, while others will perish. Why do some organizations handle adversity better than others? The past literature confirms the importance of specific resources, capabilities and structures in dealing with adversity. However, empirical research on organizational resilience remains highly diverse, and the available results have not yet been presented succinctly.

Design/methodology/approach

A literature review of empirical research on organizational resilience was conducted to summarize the diverse findings of 69 studies, focusing on the factors that lead to resilience.

Findings

Several building blocks affect how organizations successfully anticipate, cope with and adapt to adversity. Anticipation entails environmental scanning, resilience plans, specific leadership behavior and resources. Coping necessitates particular leadership qualities, a certain organizational culture and innovation. Adaptation requires an organization to learn from adversity and initiate change processes, which influences its ability to anticipate adversity in the long run.

Originality/value

By exclusively analyzing empirical research on organizational resilience, this study summarizes and assembles the results into building blocks for organizational resilience. The findings elaborate on the composition of a concept that is known for its complexity.

Details

Continuity & Resilience Review, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/CRR-04-2020-0002
ISSN: 2516-7502

Keywords

  • Organizational resilience
  • Literature review
  • Crisis
  • Adversity
  • Empirical research

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Article
Publication date: 8 January 2021

Cognitive processing and affect predict negotiators’ post-adversity subjective and economic outcomes

Mara Olekalns and Philip Leigh Smith

Negotiators are offered limited advice on how to overcome adverse events. Drawing on resilience and coping literatures, this study aims to test the impact of three…

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Abstract

Purpose

Negotiators are offered limited advice on how to overcome adverse events. Drawing on resilience and coping literatures, this study aims to test the impact of three cognitive processing strategies on negotiators’ subjective and economic value following adversity.

Design/methodology/approach

Participants completed two negotiations with the same partner. The difficulty of the first negotiation was manipulated and tested how cognitive processing of this experience influenced subjective and economic outcomes in the second negotiation.

Findings

Subjective and economic outcomes were predicted by negotiators’ affect, their cognitive processing strategy and negotiation difficulty. In difficult negotiations, as positive affect increased, proactive processing decreased self-satisfaction. As negative affect increased, affective processing increased satisfaction with relationship and process.

Research limitations/implications

Cognitive processing of adversity is most effective when emotions are not running high and better able to protect relationship- and process-oriented satisfaction than outcome-oriented satisfaction. The findings apply to one specific type of adversity and to circumstances that do not generate strong emotions.

Originality/value

This research tests which of three cognitive processing strategies is best able to prevent the aftermath of a difficult negotiation from spilling over into subsequent negotiations. Two forms of proactive processing are more effective than immersive processing in mitigating the consequences.

Details

International Journal of Conflict Management, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-11-2019-0214
ISSN: 1044-4068

Keywords

  • Negotiation
  • Affect
  • Cognitive processing
  • Subjective value
  • Adversity

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Article
Publication date: 12 August 2020

Mitigating workplace adversity through employee resilience

Stephanie Douglas

This paper aims to present the how resilience can mitigate workplace adversity and human resource practices (HRPs) to build capacity for resilience in employees.

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Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to present the how resilience can mitigate workplace adversity and human resource practices (HRPs) to build capacity for resilience in employees.

Design/methodology/approach

A review of the literature was conducted for employee resilience.

Findings

Resilience can mitigate the negative effects of occupational and workplace adversity on employees. HRPs through job design, training and development and social support were found to foster capacity for resilience in employees and support organizational performance.

Practical implications

Organizations can use the findings to build organizational and human resource (HR) strategies to develop employee resilience.

Originality/value

The value of the paper is in presenting how employee resilience can lessen negative effects from workplace adversity and provide HR strategies to build resilience.

Details

Strategic HR Review, vol. 19 no. 6
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/SHR-06-2020-0063
ISSN: 1475-4398

Keywords

  • Human resource practices
  • Employee resilience
  • Occupational stress
  • Workplace adversity

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Book part
Publication date: 12 September 2003

THE ROLE OF REGRETFUL THINKING, PERSEVERANCE, AND SELF-EFFICACY IN VENTURE FORMATION

Gideon D Markman, Robert A Baron and David B Balkin

Shane and Venkataraman (2000) and Venkataraman (1997) suggest that the field of entrepreneurship seeks to understand how opportunities are discovered, created, and…

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Abstract

Shane and Venkataraman (2000) and Venkataraman (1997) suggest that the field of entrepreneurship seeks to understand how opportunities are discovered, created, and exploited, by whom, and with what consequences (italic added). Surprisingly and despite the fact that the person – the entrepreneur – is central to the creation of new ventures, entrepreneurship scholars are reluctant to explicitly include individual differences in formal models of new venture formation. For example, notwithstanding the important role that entrepreneurs play in forging new wealth and creating new jobs, research to identify cognitive processes, attitudes, behaviors, traits, or other characteristics that distinguish entrepreneurs from others who opt to work as employees remains somewhat marginal. Indeed, only very few studies on individual differences have been published in leading management journals. One possible explanation for this reluctance is that in the past researchers might have classified most individual differences as traits research and thus criticism spilled over to include all individual difference research, regardless of whether the focus was trait, cognitions, emotions, attitudes, behaviors, or other characteristics.

Details

Cognitive Approaches to Entrepreneurship Research
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1074-7540(03)06004-5
ISBN: 978-1-84950-236-8

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Article
Publication date: 21 September 2012

Perseverance strategies of enterprising individuals

Marco van Gelderen

The purpose of this paper is to arrive at a conceptual understanding of perseverance processes in the context of enterprising behavior and to outline readily employable…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to arrive at a conceptual understanding of perseverance processes in the context of enterprising behavior and to outline readily employable perseverance strategies for situations characterized by obstacles, challenges and setbacks.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper presents a process model of perseverance, drawing on elements of control theory and appraisal theory.

Findings

From this model, a variety of perseverance strategies within four broad categories is derived: strategies that affect adversity itself; strategies that change the way adversity is perceived; strategies that reframe the aim that adversity has made difficult to attain; and strategies that help to increase self‐regulatory strength. James Dyson's biography provides examples for the strategies.

Practical implications

The paper discusses a broad variety of strategies to help individuals persevere in reaching their enterprising goals.

Originality/value

Although it is a widely held perception that perseverance is needed to successfully start and run a venture, the perseverance process and perseverance strategies have received little research attention.

Details

International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, vol. 18 no. 6
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13552551211268102
ISSN: 1355-2554

Keywords

  • Entrepreneurialism
  • Individual behaviour
  • Entrepreneurial behaviour
  • Control theory
  • Perseverance
  • Tenacity
  • Enterprising behavior

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Article
Publication date: 15 May 2019

Research Watch: can adversity make you stronger?

Sue Holttum

The purpose of this paper is to examine what helps people come through difficult events and circumstances.

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine what helps people come through difficult events and circumstances.

Design/methodology/approach

A search was carried out for recent papers on adversity and thriving.

Findings

One paper reviewed 27 studies of coping and wellbeing after adversities. Maybe some kinds of adversity can help us get stronger, but people’s social contexts were not considered and the studies measured different things that may not be as easily compared as first appears. A second paper examined wellbeing at work, and reported that a certain type of supervisor is important for preventing burnout. The final paper reported on 55 people who survived depression. Many (though not all) participants felt their life was better than before. Surviving was assisted by practical and social support rather than pills.

Originality/value

The review of research on adversity highlights that patterns of data may look similar but may not tell us as much as we hoped. The study of workplace thriving highlighted how supervisors might support people to do their best work while preventing burnout. The study on surviving depression suggested that social resources were key to a good outcome and a better life. Social inclusion is likely to be important.

Details

Mental Health and Social Inclusion, vol. 23 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MHSI-02-2019-0005
ISSN: 2042-8308

Keywords

  • Transformational leadership
  • Coping
  • Depression
  • Wellbeing
  • Thriving
  • Adversity

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Article
Publication date: 7 September 2012

Resilience to health related adversity in older people

John Gallacher, Clive Mitchell, Luke Heslop and Gary Christopher

This paper's aim is to explore factors underlying resilience to health adversity, where resilience is defined as better perceived health after adjusting for the presence…

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Abstract

Purpose

This paper's aim is to explore factors underlying resilience to health adversity, where resilience is defined as better perceived health after adjusting for the presence of doctor diagnosed heart disease, stroke or diabetes (vascular disease).

Design/methodology/approach

A population sample of 667 men and women aged 50+ years from South Wales was recruited to participate in an epidemiologic study and were consented and assessed online. Participation included health status, psychological and cognitive assessment. Structural equation modelling was used to model causal pathways. The analysis presents baseline data for this sample.

Findings

After adjustment for vascular disease, self‐esteem was associated with higher perceived health (β=0.279, p<0.001) whilst depression was associated with lower perceived health (β=−0.368, p<0.001). Self‐efficacy and anxiety were not associated with perceived health. Further analysis found self‐esteem to buffer an effect of vascular disease on depression, reducing the impact of depression on perceived health.

Practical implications

Cognitive and affective factors are involved in resilience, in relation to health these are specific to self‐esteem and depression. Although more complex associations may be found with other adversities, in relation to health, interventions to improve self‐esteem and ameliorate depression are likely to increase resilience.

Originality/value

Resilience has been modelled as a process involving cognitive and affective response to adversity. In the context of health, the adverse effect of depression on health perception was mediated by self‐esteem. These associations add to the understanding of the processes underlying resilience and suggest opportunities for interventions designed to increase resilience to health adversities.

Details

Quality in Ageing and Older Adults, vol. 13 no. 3
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14717791211264188
ISSN: 1471-7794

Keywords

  • Resilience
  • Ageing
  • Cognition
  • Self esteem
  • Self efficacy
  • Elderly people
  • Health care
  • Diseases
  • United Kingdom

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Article
Publication date: 10 December 2009

Diagnostic information and adversity in childhood for offenders with learning disabilities referred to and accepted into forensic services

William Lindsay, Anthony Holland, John Taylor, Amanda Michie, Marie Bambrick, Gregory O'Brien, Derek Carson, Lesley Steptoe, Clare Middleton, Karen Price and Jessica Wheeler

Several studies have related diagnostic information and adversity in childhood to criminal careers and risk of recidivism. Notably, ADHD and conduct disorder in childhood…

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Abstract

Several studies have related diagnostic information and adversity in childhood to criminal careers and risk of recidivism. Notably, ADHD and conduct disorder in childhood, schizophrenia, sexual abuse and physical abuse have been associated with offences in adulthood. This study investigates these variables in relation to large cohorts of offenders with learning disabilities. A case note review was undertaken for 126 individuals referred but not accepted into forensic learning disability services and 197 individuals accepted for such services. Results are reported on diagnostic information and experience of adversity in childhood. ADHD/conduct disorder featured prominently in both groups. Autistic spectrum disorders were not particularly over‐represented. For adversity in childhood, general socioeconomic deprivation featured prominently in both groups. This also increased significantly for those accepted into services. Sexual abuse and non‐accidental injury were featured at around 13‐20% for both groups. These results are broadly consistent with the mainstream literature on offending, ADHD/conduct disorder and general deprivation featuring significantly in all groups and rising for those accepted into offender services. It is important to deal with these aspects during assessment and to provide appropriate psychotherapeutic services for these individuals.

Details

Advances in Mental Health and Learning Disabilities, vol. 3 no. 4
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17530180200900035
ISSN: 1753-0180

Keywords

  • Learning disability
  • Intellectual disabilities
  • Forensic services
  • Diagnosis
  • Childhood adversity
  • Offenders

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1984

A Response Model to Market Adversity

Timothy F. Barrett

The process by which organisations respond to changes in their environment is a particularly complex one, involving considerations of resource availability, strategy…

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Abstract

The process by which organisations respond to changes in their environment is a particularly complex one, involving considerations of resource availability, strategy formulation, organisational structure and culture, power and information availability. In considering the interdependencies between these variables, it is suggested that interactions between environment, strategy and structure affect the distribution of power within the organisation, and that power is used to affect the distribution of resources. The advent of a market intelligence report which forecasts market adversity provides an occasion when the organisation can select from among a number of possible responses. A model of the selection process by which responses to market adversity are chosen is developed, in which it is suggested that the distribution of resources within the organisation plays a critical role. The model is a dynamic one, since the response selected is likely to re‐distribute resources within the organisation. If executives are viewed as competing against each other for access to resources, the possibility arises that an executive may deliberately bias the market signal to promote a response more favourable to his/her own relative position. Other sources of bias may also exist, all of which complicate the process of response selection. It is however argued that in the longer term a learning process may be expected to take place which effectively de‐biases the market signal. It is therefore suggested that it is the distribution of resources within the organisation which dominates the choice of response to forecast market adversity.

Details

Marketing Intelligence & Planning, vol. 2 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/eb045692
ISSN: 0263-4503

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Article
Publication date: 26 October 2020

Interorganizational learning between knowledge-based entrepreneurial ventures responding to COVID-19

Dag Håkon Haneberg

The COVID-19 crisis has significantly affected entrepreneurial ventures, where knowledge resources are limited and contextual uncertainty is heightened. This paper aims to…

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Abstract

Purpose

The COVID-19 crisis has significantly affected entrepreneurial ventures, where knowledge resources are limited and contextual uncertainty is heightened. This paper aims to identify if and how interorganizational learning (IOL) may assist entrepreneurial ventures adapt, survive and grow in a crisis.

Design/methodology/approach

The following research question is asked: How may responding to the adversity induced by the COVID-19 pandemic affect IOL between entrepreneurial ventures? Four hypotheses were developed to carry out a quantitative study of 228 knowledge-based entrepreneurial ventures in Norway.

Findings

The results illustrate how different combinations of adversity from COVID-19 and the active responses conducted by entrepreneurial ventures influence IOL. Four clusters representing different behaviors are developed accordingly as follows: “collaborators”, “supporters”, “responders” and “victims.” The findings provide empirical support for the importance of engaging in interactive and collaborative activities for IOL.

Research limitations/implications

The findings can help in understanding how COVID-19 influences IOL between entrepreneurial ventures. Policymakers may use these findings to promote organizational continuity in entrepreneurial ventures by creating and nurturing support systems that promote IOL during a crisis.

Originality/value

Studying a contemporary and critical situation – the COVID-19 pandemic – the present paper provides an empirical study of the antecedents to IOL, adding to the currently scarce body of research on IOL in and between entrepreneurial ventures.

Details

The Learning Organization, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/TLO-05-2020-0101
ISSN: 0969-6474

Keywords

  • Interorganizational learning
  • COVID-19
  • Coronavirus
  • Startups
  • Quantitative

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