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Article
Publication date: 3 August 2018

Luis Miguel Rodrigo, Gianni Romaní and Emilio Ricci

The purpose of this paper is to characterize the immigrant entrepreneurs of the Region of Antofagasta and identify their contribution to local development.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to characterize the immigrant entrepreneurs of the Region of Antofagasta and identify their contribution to local development.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. Face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire were carried out with a sample of 314 immigrant entrepreneurs in the city of Antofagasta. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and mean difference.

Findings

The results show a new type of entrepreneur that cannot be fully described by the theories developed for South–North immigrant entrepreneurs. The concept of the South–South entrepreneur is therefore proposed, in order to categorise these entrepreneurs and explain their behaviour, with the conclusion that this group makes a significant contribution to the local economy, both in terms of job and wealth creation and by broadening the availability of goods and services.

Practical implications

Given that immigrant entrepreneurs are a valuable socio-economic asset to the city in terms of job and wealth creation and service diversification, public administrations should endeavour to support these individuals and attract them to the city.

Social implications

Knowledge of the contribution of this group will lead to a greater acceptance of immigrants who have recently been rejected by certain sectors of the population.

Originality/value

This study reveals the existence of a group of immigrant entrepreneurs whose characteristics and contribution to local development were previously not known.

Propósito

El objetivo de este artículo es caracterizar a los inmigrantes emprendedores/as de la región de Antofagasta e identificar de su aporte al desarrollo local.

Diseño/metodología/enfoque

Es un estudio descriptivo, con un enfoque cuantitativo. Se realizaron entrevistas cara a cara con cuestionario estructurado a una muestra de 314 inmigrantes emprendedores de la ciudad de Antofagasta. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando estadística descriptiva y diferencia de medias.

Resultados

Los resultados muestran un nuevo tipo de emprendedor que no pueden ser explicados a cabalidad por las teorías desarrolladas para inmigrantes emprendedores Sur-Norte. Por ello, se propone el concepto de emprendedores Sur-Sur, para categorizarles y explicar su comportamiento, concluyendo que realizan un aporte significativo a la economía local, tanto en generación de empleo y riqueza como en el incremento en la oferta.

Implicaciones prácticas

Puesto que los inmigrantes emprendedores son un valioso activo socioeconómico para la ciudad en términos de generación de empleo, riqueza y diversidad en la oferta de servicios, las administraciones públicas deberían de tratar de apoyarlos, cuidarlos y atraer a la ciudad.

Implicaciones sociales

El conocimiento del aporte de este colectivo contribuirá a una mejor aceptación de los inmigrantes, que en los últimos años han sido rechazados por algunos sectores de la población.

Originalidad/valor

Este estudio devela la realidad de un grupo de inmigrantes emprendedores del cual no se tenía conocimiento sobre sus características y su aporte al desarrollo local.

Details

Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, vol. 31 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1012-8255

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 9 March 2020

Sena Kimm Gnangnon

This paper aims to investigate empirically how international tourism receipts influence public revenue, in particular non-resource revenue.

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate empirically how international tourism receipts influence public revenue, in particular non-resource revenue.

Design/methodology/approach

The analysis relies on an unbalanced panel of 156 countries (including both developed and developing countries) over the period 1995-2015. The empirical analysis uses the two-step system generalized methods of moments estimator.

Findings

The empirical results show that international tourism receipts exert a positive and significant impact on non-resource tax revenue. In addition, this effect increases as countries' development levels rise, which signifies that in terms of non-resource tax revenue, an increase in international tourism receipts benefit much more to advanced economies than to less advanced economies.

Research limitations/implications

These findings call for governments notably in developing countries to develop the tourism sector and concurrently to strengthen tax administrations (and possibly design appropriate tax policy for the tourism sector) to derive the full advantage in terms of public revenue from the rise in international tourism receipts.

Practical implications

The analysis highlights the importance of international tourism receipts for public revenue. This would help scholars and policymakers have a clearer view, at least in terms of magnitude, on the impact of international tourism receipts on non-resource tax revenue.

Originality/value

To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is first the study that investigates this topic.

Purpose

本文就国际旅游收入如何影响公共收入尤其是非资源收入的问题, 进行了实证研究。

Design/methodology/approach

本文的分析基于1995年至2015年期间由156个国家(包括发达国家和发展中国家)组成的不平衡小组的数据。 实证分析采用两步法通用矩量法(GMM)估计。

Findings

实证结果表明, 国际旅游收入对非资源税收入产生了积极而显著的影响。 而且, 这种影响随着国家发展水平的提高而增加, 这表明就非资源税收入而言, 国际旅游收入的增加对发达经济体的收益要比对较不发达经济体的收益大得多。

Research limitations/implications

结果表明, 各国政府尤其是发展中国家的政府, 应当发展旅游业, 同时加强税收管理(并可能为旅游业设计适当的税收政策), 以便从国际旅游业的增长中获得公共收入方面的最大收益。

Practical implications

分析强调了国际旅游收入对公共收入的重要性。 这将有助于学者和决策者对国际旅游收入对非资源税收入的影响(至少在规模上)有更清晰的认识。

Originality/value

据我们所知, 本文是第一个研究该主题的研究。

Keywords

旅游外汇收入,非资源性收入

Paper type

研究论文

Propósito

El artículo investiga empíricamente, cómo los ingresos internacionales por turismo influyen en los ingresos públicos, en particular, todos aquellos ingresos “no relacionados” con los recursos turísticos.

Diseño/metodología/enfoque

El análisis se basa en un panel no-equilibrado de 156 países (incluidos países desarrollados y en desarrollo) durante el período 1995-2015. El análisis empírico que se aplica, se fundamente en dos fases sobre el estimador de Métodos Generalizados de Momentos (GMM).

Resultados

Los resultados muestran que los ingresos internacionales por turismo, ejercen un impacto positivo y significativo, en los ingresos fiscales no relacionados con los recursos turísticos. Además, este efecto aumenta, a medida que aumentan los niveles de desarrollo de los países, lo que significa que, en términos de ingresos fiscales, no relacionados con los recursos, un aumento en los ingresos internacionales por turismo, beneficia mucho más a las economías avanzadas, que a las economías menos avanzadas.

Limitaciones/implicaciones de la investigación

Los descubrimientos de este trabajo, exigen que los gobiernos, en particular en los países en desarrollo, fomenten el sector turístico y al mismo tiempo, fortalezcan las administraciones tributarias (y posiblemente diseñen una política fiscal adecuada para el sector turístico), con el fin de obtener una ventaja total, en términos de ingresos públicos por el aumento de los ingresos del turismo internacional.

Implicaciones prácticas

El análisis destaca la importancia de los ingresos por el turismo internacional en los ingresos públicos. Esto ayudaría a los académicos y gestores de políticas a tener una visión más clara, al menos en términos de magnitud, sobre el impacto de los ingresos por el turismo internacional en los ingresos fiscales no relacionados con los recursos turísticos.

Originalidad/valor

Hasta donde sabemos, este es primero el estudio que investiga este tema.

Palabras claves

Recibos de turismo internacional, Ingresos no recurrentes

Tipo de papel

Trabajo de investigación

Details

Tourism Review, vol. 75 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1660-5373

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 22 March 2021

Guillem López-Casasnovas and Héctor Pifarré i Arolas

This paper offers an overview of the defining traits of the Spanish National Health Service (Sistema Nacional de Salud, in Spanish), as well as an account of its current trends in…

Abstract

This paper offers an overview of the defining traits of the Spanish National Health Service (Sistema Nacional de Salud, in Spanish), as well as an account of its current trends in both spending and organisational changes. Beyond a thorough description of the Spanish public health-care system and its main quantitative indicators, we offer a critical review of the ongoing decentralisation process of health-care provision and its recent trends in pharmaceutical spending.

The text is organised in the following two parts. Part 1 provides an overview of the Spanish health-care system, structured in several sections. It starts by placing Spain within a classification of international health-care systems and is followed by an account of the importance of public provision in the Spanish case. A relation of the guiding principles of the Spanish public system concludes the first part. The second part focuses on two key developments that have shaped the evolution of the Spanish health-care system in the recent decades. The first is the process of decentralisation of health-care; the section explains the challenges arising with the transference of health-care provision responsibilities from the central to regional governments. The second section critically reviews the recent expansion of drug-related spending in the Spanish health-care system, and the policy responses to attempt to contain health-care costs.

Details

The Sustainability of Health Care Systems in Europe
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83909-499-6

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 March 1994

J. Ruiz-Huerta and A. Giménez-Montero

Over the last fifteen years, Spain has undergone a profound transformation in almost all aspects of its social organization. This change has been sharply reflected in the level…

Abstract

Over the last fifteen years, Spain has undergone a profound transformation in almost all aspects of its social organization. This change has been sharply reflected in the level and composition of public expenditure, which have not always been adjusted perfectly to new social demands. This has created tension which, among other consequences, has encouraged the revision of the methods of allocation, management and control of public resources. This article describes and explores some characteristics of this process, and sets out the principal guidelines which may shape the future reform of these methods.

Details

Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management, vol. 6 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1096-3367

Abstract

Details

The Emerald Handbook of Public Administration in Latin America
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83982-677-1

Book part
Publication date: 12 January 2021

Conrado Ramos and Alejandro Milanesi

Identifying a single model of public administration in Latin America entails a simplification due to the variety of countries with different governance structures, administrative…

Abstract

Identifying a single model of public administration in Latin America entails a simplification due to the variety of countries with different governance structures, administrative systems, historical legacies, and ways of addressing public sector reforms over time. Nevertheless, an extended feature among Latin American public administrations is the coexistence of Weberian models with patrimonialism and large-scale patronage practices. Although at first sight public administrations can formally contain all or most of the typical characteristics of a modern bureaucratic system, some of their practices are extraneous to everyday management. In this context, the waves of administrative reforms have sought, with different approaches, to strengthen the public machinery. An important point is that administrative reforms in Latin America largely followed a center–periphery pattern. Firstly, through the imitation of practices of the colonialist countries and later by importing reform packages from the central countries. Thus, this chapter goes over the main historical characteristics in the construction of the Latin American public administration, the reforms paradigms that have marked it and their consequences.

Details

The Emerald Handbook of Public Administration in Latin America
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83982-677-1

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 13 April 2021

Karel Diéguez-Santana, Giselle Rodríguez Rudi, Ana Julia Acevedo Urquiaga, Emanuel Muñoz and Neyfe Sablón-Cossio

In this paper, the authors adopt the theory of the circular economy to study the transitions that take place in three case studies in Mexico and Ecuador. The work is aimed to…

Abstract

Purpose

In this paper, the authors adopt the theory of the circular economy to study the transitions that take place in three case studies in Mexico and Ecuador. The work is aimed to systematize a circular economy assessment tool that fosters opportunities for improvement in business practices.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology is based on a descriptive quantitative analysis, where a checklist is made with 91 items and nine study variables. This is from the study of the bibliography and business practice. Furthermore, the neural network method is used in a case study to predict the level of circular economy and the importance of each variable according to the sensitivity by the Lek’s profile method.

Findings

It is based on a descriptive quantitative analysis, where a checklist with 91 items and nine study variables is made, defined from a bibliographic study and business practice. Furthermore, the neural network method is used in a case study to predict the level of circular economy and the importance of each variable based on sensitivity.

Research limitations/implications

The application of the tool requires prior knowledge of the circular economy approach, which is why specialized personnel are needed for its application. This makes research more expensive in time and human resources.

Practical implications

The practical and methodological contribution of this work lies in the feasibility of the tool that favors the definition of improvement actions for the implementation contribution to the circular economy in business practices.

Social implications

The social contribution is framed in the gradual transition to circular economy approaches in underdeveloped countries.

Originality/value

The use of the neural network method to predict the level of circular economy in a case study allows making decisions in a predictive way. This encourages the development of the circular economy according to the context needs.

Objetivo

En este trabajo adoptamos la teoría de la economía circular para estudiar las transiciones que ocurren en tres casos de estudio en México y Ecuador. El trabajo tiene como objetivo sistematizar una herramienta de evaluación de la economía circular que fomente oportunidades de mejora en las prácticas empresariales.

Diseño / metodología / enfoque

La metodología se basa en un análisis cuantitativo descriptivo, donde se elabora un checklist con 91 ítems y nueve variables de estudio. Esto a partir del estudio de la bibliografía y la práctica empresarial. Además, el método de la red neuronal se utiliza en un estudio de caso para predecir el nivel de economía circular y la importancia de cada variable según la sensibilidad utilizando el método Lekprofile.

Hallazgos

Los resultados muestran que la herramienta es aplicable a diferentes contextos y simultáneamente permite la evaluación de la economía circular de forma holística. Además, la herramienta se puede vincular a técnicas predictivas, como el método de red neuronal. Esto se demostró en un estudio de caso.

Originalidad

en el uso del método de redes neuronales para predecir el nivel de economía circular en un caso de estudio. Esto permite la capacidad de tomar decisiones de forma predictiva y esto incentiva el desarrollo de la economía circular según la necesidad del contexto.

Limitaciones / implicaciones de la investigación

Las limitaciones se centran en la necesidad de conocer el tema de la economía circular para la aplicación de la herramienta. Por lo tanto, se necesita capacitación antes de comenzar un nuevo estudio. Esto encarece la investigación en tiempo y recursos humanos.

Implicaciones prácticas

El aporte práctico y metodológico de este trabajo radica en la viabilidad de la herramienta que favorece la definición de acciones de mejora para la contribución de la implementación a la economía circular en las prácticas empresariales.

Implicaciones sociales

La contribución social es parte de la transición gradual a enfoques de economía circular en países subdesarrollados.

Details

Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, vol. 34 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1012-8255

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 3 August 2018

Jorge Olmo Vera

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of the Law on Budgetary Stability of 2012 over the level of accumulated debt in Spanish municipalities. The paper also analyses…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of the Law on Budgetary Stability of 2012 over the level of accumulated debt in Spanish municipalities. The paper also analyses the influence of the socioeconomic environment, political factors and budgetary indicators on the level of accumulated debt for the 2008–2014 period, which coincides with the economic crisis.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses panel data methodology. First, the t-test of difference of means is used to analyse which political variables are significant. Then, the analysis is carried out using the generalised method of moments in order to obtain the explanatory variables of the level of debt.

Findings

The results show that in 2013–2014, the Law on Budgetary Stability did not have a significant effect on reducing the accumulated debt. However, the law has led to a change of the trend in debt levels, as the debt decreased from 2013 to 2014. Moreover, population, unemployment, immigration, personnel expenditure, direct fiscal pressure and level of investment have an influence over the level of accumulated debt.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to analyse to what extent the Law on Budgetary Stability has affected accumulated debt. The study reveals a slight impact on reducing debt, although it is not significant. An original aspect of this paper is that it uses dynamic models to study the accumulated debt of Spanish municipalities. The study shows the impact of socioeconomic, environmental and political factors as well as of budgetary indicators on the level of debt in the context of economic crisis.

Propósito

En este artículo se analiza el impacto que tiene la normativa de estabilidad presupuestaria española del año 2012 en el nivel de deuda acumulada de los municipios españoles. También se contrasta la influencia del entorno socioeconómico, político y presupuestario en el nivel de deuda viva durante el periodo 2008-2014 que coincide con la crisis económica.

Diseño/metodología/enfoque

Para alcanzar los objetivos, se utiliza la metodología de datos de panel. En primer lugar, se realiza un test de medias por el cual se descartan las variables políticas no significativas. Posteriormente, se plantea el Método Generalizado de Momentos (GMM) para obtener las variables explicativas del endeudamiento.

Hallazgos

Se evidencia que durante el periodo 2013-2014, la normativa de estabilidad no ha tenido un efecto significativo en la reducción de la deuda viva. No obstante, la legislación ha permitido cambiar la tendencia del nivel de deuda, ya que durante 2013-2014 el endeudamiento se redujo. Además, se constata que la población, el desempleo, la inmigración, la concentración política, los gastos de personal, la presión fiscal y la inversión influyen en el endeudamiento.

Originalidad/valor

La aportación de este trabajo radica en analizar en qué medida ha repercutido la normativa de estabilidad presupuestaria en el nivel de deuda viva. Se ha evidenciado un ligero impacto en la reducción de endeudamiento, aunque no es significativo. Resulta original la aplicación de modelos dinámicos en el estudio de la deuda viva española. Asimismo, se establece el impacto que tienen los factores del entorno político, socioeconómico y presupuestario en un entorno de crisis económica.

Article
Publication date: 1 March 2004

Bernardino Benito and Francisco Bastida

This paper analyzes the impact of economic, social and political factors on municipal debt behavior. With this aim, we have obtained a stratified random sample of 130 cities…

Abstract

This paper analyzes the impact of economic, social and political factors on municipal debt behavior. With this aim, we have obtained a stratified random sample of 130 cities during a five-year period. These data have been used to configure a micro panel to obtain accurate estimates and to control for problems such as unobserved heterogeneity. The main conclusion obtained from this process is that non-financial surplus/deficit, financial independence, capital expenditures, and capital revenues are the variables that best explain the indebtedness of this type of entities.

Details

Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management, vol. 16 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1096-3367

Article
Publication date: 1 April 1994

Claude Kaspar

Nach 1953 ist die Internationale Vereinigung wissen‐schaftlicher Fremdenverkehrsexperten zum zweiten Mal in Wien zum jährlichen Kongress versammelt. Damals nach Kriegsende ging es…

Abstract

Nach 1953 ist die Internationale Vereinigung wissen‐schaftlicher Fremdenverkehrsexperten zum zweiten Mal in Wien zum jährlichen Kongress versammelt. Damals nach Kriegsende ging es darum, einem langsam wiedererstarkten Tourismus eine solide wissenschaftliche Basis zu geben. Es waren auch die Tourismuswissenschafter der klassischen Fremdenverkehrsländer Italien, Spanien, Österreich und der Schweiz, welche sich 1949 erstmals in der Schweiz trafen, um diesem Vorhaben eine konkrete Struktur zu geben. Prof. Paul Bernecker, als einer dieser Promotoren — genannt seien hier die andern: Prof. Walter Hunziker (bis 1973 Präsident), Prof. Kurt Krapf (erster Generalsekretär) und Prof. Angelo Mariotti — übernahm es, den Wiener Kongress zu organisieren. Er war dem Thema “Marktforschung und Werbung im Fremdenverkehr” gewidmet, übrigens ein nach wie vor aktuelles Thema, auch wenn die Terminologie heute in Marketing bzw. Marktbearbeitung oder Kommunikationspolitik erweitert wurde.

Details

The Tourist Review, vol. 49 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0251-3102

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