Search results

February 5, 1969 Damages — Personal injuries — Assessment — Pension — Compulsory contribution — Police pension fund — Policeman disabled in accident — Assessment of lost earnings and pension rights — Whether pension deductible.

Faced with fierce competition, increasingly more organizations seek to audit demand in the marketplace. The same can be said for insurers. Empirical findings show that insurers are widely disliked by customers, and insurance agents talked to clients on average once every eight years. We found that approximately 44 per cent of the population does not own any form of insurance, for example life insurance and personal accidents insurance. What are the underlying reasons why the majority of people do not insure themselves against hazards? There is a need for insurers to undertake a demand audit in order to understand what the policyholder wants and needs. Information from customers plays a major role in the auditing process. Our audit checklist includes: demographic characteristics of policyholders and non‐policyholders; reasons for being insured and not insured; and critical purchasing factors. The demand audit that we surveyed will help the insurance industry design a good strategy to meet the demands of the market.

A primitive form of marine insurance existed in very early times in what are known as contracts of bottomry or respondentia. This was an arrangement by which the owners of ships borrowed money at a high rate of interest and did not repay the loan if the ship was lost. This was also extended to other property, so that a rudimentary form of burglary insurance can be traced in the distant past. Loans of this kind were transacted in ancient Babylon, as is shown in the Code of Hammurabi, c. 2025 B.C. Contracts of bottomry were prohibited by a decree of Pope Gregory IX in 1234 on the grounds that they were usurious, and some authorities think that it was at this point that insurance in its true sense developed. In 1310 there existed at Bruges a ‘Chamber of Assurances’ for the insurance of merchandise against marine and other risks.

May 19, 1969 Insurance — Employers' liability — Accident arising “out of and in the course of employment — Employee travelling to work in car lent by employers to fellow‐employee — Car lent on condition that if used it would take named employees to work — Whether accident “arising out of and in the course of” employee's employment — Whether indemnity under policy — National Insurance (Industrial Injuries) Act, 1946 (9 & 10 Geo. VI, c.62), s. 9(1) — National Insurance (Industrial Injuries) Act, 1965 (c.52), ss. 8(1), 6.

Commercial vehicle accidents impose very significant costs on industry and society but for a variety of reasons the full costs are often poorly understood. Advocates that vehicle operators should undertake a full and systematic analysis of accident levels, causes and costs. Introduces the CCSM model of vehicle accident reduction. By undertaking analysis based on this approach, most vehicle operators should be able to identify measures to reduce accidents substantially. Typical measures include the implementation of vehicle accident monitoring systems, driver age and experience policies, reviews of vehicle speed policy, driver training schemes, more systematic driver recruitment and better vehicle specification.

Presents information relating to the scale of road traffic accidents in the UK involving commercial vehicles. Establishes the extent of the accident problem and explores some of the main causes of vehicle accidents including human nature, the role of the driver, vehicle operators and government road transport strategy. Introduces some general measures to reduce commercial vehicle accidents such as improved driving, safety cultures, vehicle improvements and government policy. Provides a case study of a company which gained many benefits from reducing vehicle accident levels through the implementation of a vehicle accident database.

Insurance frauds deeply affect insurance companies, policyholders, and the insurance industry as a whole. The cost of fraudulent damage affects the profitability of companies, and has negative effects on the society in terms of moral values. Increases in insurance costs can lead to increases in the premiums paid by policyholders, each family, and, ultimately, all of the insured. Recently, new legal regulations related to this issue have been performed in Turkey and higher institutions have been created. A regulation issued by the Under-secretariat of the Treasury, on June 1, 2011, defines insurance fraud as aggravated fraud. Insurance fraud in Turkey usually takes the form of intentional misrepresentations of facts to the insurance company to get the company to pay for something not actually covered by the policy. Studies examined the insurance industry in terms of the concept of financial crime, and inclusion of the concept of financial crime in insurance regulations was proposed since financial crimes have an important place in the current problems of the industry. In addition, it is seen that insurance frauds have changed over time as a result of studies.

The purpose of this paper is to analyse how insurances can be used in the management of human capital risks. The issue is highlighted in the context of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs).

Building on literature on intellectual liabilities, the paper provides a comprehensive picture of human capital related risks, emphasising their effects on SMEs. The issue is analysed empirically through a qualitative case study of an insurance company.

The paper divides the identified human capital risks into insurable and uninsurable risks, determining a specific insurance solution for each insurable risk. Based on the results, pension, accident, health, life, liability and crime insurances are the most useful types of insurances for the management of human capital risks.

The generalisability of the findings is limited by the methodological choice. As the study is conducted from the viewpoint of an insurance provider, it does not consider the effectiveness of the suggested insurances in practice. Thus, more empirical studies on the approach are called for.

This paper creates a basis for the better recognition of the various human capital risks in companies and describes how insurances can be applied for the management of these risks.

In addition to considering human capital risks as an entity, the paper contributes to the research on knowledge asset protection by examining a practical risk management method for these risks. According to the authors' knowledge, insurances have not been introduced in this context before.

This chapter reviews the existing empirical evidence on how social insurance affects health. Social insurance encompasses programs primarily designed to insure against health risks, such as health insurance, sick leave insurance, accident insurance, long-term care insurance, and disability insurance as well as other programs, such as unemployment insurance, pension insurance, and country-specific social insurance programs. These insurance systems exist in almost all developed countries around the world. This chapter discusses the state-of-the art evidence on each of these social insurance systems, briefly reviews the empirical methods for identifying causal effects, and examines possible limitations to these methods. The findings reveal robust and rich evidence on first-stage behavioral responses (“moral hazard”) to changes in insurance coverage. Surprisingly, evidence on how changes in coverage impact beneficiaries’ health is scant and inconclusive. This lack of identified causal health effects is directly related to limitations on how human health is typically measured, limitations on the empirical approaches, and a paucity of administrative panel data spanning long-time horizons. Future research must be conducted to fill these gaps. Of particular importance is evidence on how these social insurance systems interact and affect human health over the life cycle.