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The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between sexualization of the work environment and emotional exhaustion, and develop some key antecedents of sexualization of the work environment. It was conducted in an emerging society, India, which has a high rate of crime against women, particularly related to sexual harassment and sexual assault.

To test the hypotheses, structural equation modeling was performed. The hypotheses were tested with data from 1,098 white collar workers in India in three ways.

Contact with other gender and flexible work arrangements were positively associated with sexualization of the work environment; and sexualization of the work environment was positively associated with emotional exhaustion. In addition, sexualization of the work environment mediated the relationship between the two antecedent variables and emotional exhaustion.

There is a possible bias arising from the use of cross-sectional data. However, a number of methods were implemented to minimize it, including survey design and data analysis.

The study offers some important suggestions for workplaces with a greater proportion of young male employees, particularly in a societal context like India.

The paper provides evidence of the negative impact of sexualization of the work environment, and thereby contributes to current understanding of the “dark side” of behavior at work that might have significant impact on society.

The subject areas are family-owned business, entrepreneurship and strategic management.

The target audiences for the case study are BBA and MBA students and management trainees who are interested in learning about family-owned business and the problems faced by them when generations change. This case can be used to teach concepts in family-owned business and strategic management courses in the context of emerging markets. The case also introduces the problems faced by a traditionally operating organization which has to change to survive in the market. The case can be used to teach senior management teams participating in executive education programs on how problems arise in family-owned business. To successfully work with this case study, students need to have the basic theoretical understanding of family-owned business.

Sree Subramania Ayurvedic Nursing home (SSANH), one of the most reputed Ayurvedic treatment centers in Kozhikode, Kerala in India, was converted into its present form in 1974 from Thekkayil Vaidyasala by Thekkayil Rajaratnam Vydiar. The latest addition to this family run nursing home is Dr Sananad Ratnam, who in continuity of his family tradition studied Ayurveda. Dr Sanand wanted to rethink the positioning of the 400-year-old family business system with an objective to increase the number of people served by SSANH. He is armed with ambitious plans to expand SSANH and increase the volume of patients served. Dr Sanand’s father, the second partner of SSANH, was not quite supportive of this idea. His father felt that the increase in scale without compromise in quality was impossible in Ayurveda. Dr Sanand felt handicapped with problems such as lack of marketing strategies, lack of standard managerial procedures, lack of innovation in processes and, more importantly, conflicting ideologies between father and son in the family-owned business. To address these problems, Dr Sanand has recently hired the services of a consulting firm. This case highlights how SSANH, in spite of being in an advantageous position, is unable to exploit its full potential. Further explaining the different ways in which different generations perceive business, this case invites the attention to the dilemma: Should the business proceed with its expansion plan? If it decides to expand, how it should convince the previous generation of the family that the expansion plan accommodates their concerns.

After completion of this case, students would be able to: gain a perspective on the problems faced by a family-owned business which has successfully survived for decades; understand how a family-owned business functions differently from other business models; evaluate different ways in which the organization can look to solve the dilemma by considering the different stakeholders in question; and apply the result of the literature on family-owned businesses to understand the dynamics of business of this specific setting, i.e. one that has a rich heritage, is in an emerging economy and is a family-owned business.

Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of LexiURL as a Web intelligence tool for collecting and analysing links to digital libraries, focusing specifically on the National electronic Library for Health (NeLH).

The Web intelligence techniques in this study are a combination of link analysis (web structure mining), web server log file analysis (web usage mining), and text analysis (web content mining), utilizing the power of commercial search engines and drawing upon the information science fields of bibliometrics and webometrics. LexiURL is a computer program designed to calculate summary statistics for lists of links or URLs. Its output is a series of standard reports, for example listing and counting all of the different domain names in the data.

Link data, when analysed together with user transaction log files (i.e. Web referring domains) can provide insights into who is using a digital library and when, and who could be using the digital library if they are “surfing” a particular part of the Web; in this case any site that is linked to or colinked with the NeLH. This study found that the NeLH was embedded in a multifaceted Web context, including many governmental, educational, commercial and organisational sites, with the most interesting being sites from the.edu domain, representing American Universities. Not many links directed to the NeLH were followed on September 25, 2005 (the date of the log file analysis and link extraction analysis), which means that users who access the digital library have been arriving at the site via only a few select links, bookmarks and search engine searches, or non‐electronic sources.

A number of studies concerning digital library users have been carried out using log file analysis as a research tool. Log files focus on real‐time user transactions; while LexiURL can be used to extract links and colinks associated with a digital library's growing Web network. This Web network is not recognized often enough, and can be a useful indication of where potential users are surfing, even if they have not yet specifically visited the NeLH site.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of transformational leadership in psychological empowerment in Indian retail industry. This study also tries to examine whether organizational culture plays a mediating role in the relationships between transformational leadership and psychological empowerment.

A sample of 310 respondents was randomly selected from different Indian retail organizations for the study. Data collections were carried out using a set of standardized questionnaires. Raw data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and process plugin of Hayes for mediation analysis.

The empirical investigations of the study have shown that transformational leadership is positively related to psychological empowerment. The study also found partial mediation of organizational culture between transformational leadership and psychological empowerment.

First of all, the sample size of the study is relatively small (n=310). The study is limited to the employees of eastern Indian retail organizations. Second, the common method bias is presumed to influence and inflate the relationships between the variables of the study as the data on all three variables were collected at the same point of time from respondents.

The road map presented in this paper may be helpful for the retail executives to diagnose organizational culture and leadership styles prevailing in the organization and their influence on psychological empowerment. The study may be helpful for retail managers to develop a desirable culture through the practice of transformational leadership that would enhance the empowerment process.

This paper adds value to the limited body of knowledge about the association among transformational leadership, psychological empowerment, and organizational culture. The findings presented in this paper would be beneficial for Indian researchers, OD experts and organization scientists in developing a culture of empowerment by the help of transformational leadership. Unique statistical tools have been used for mediation analysis.

This SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis was conducted to have a portrait of the competitiveness of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) on the global map. Being a 75-year-old scientific organization, CSIR has raised each and every laboratory with a specific mandate and competency. It is definite that the organization would get some assistance from these points, which are briefly stated, as the institutional data reside with the laboratory only. To some extent, they can be considered on their discretion; however, the organization has raised its position to international standards, but still it can consider few areas/suggestions from this analysis. These points are suggestive and flexible in nature, which are identified and defined to elevate this organization on the globe. Scientific publications do make a difference, but on the ground, if the technologies are not viable and received by public, it makes no difference. Today, India is fortunate to have a Prime Minister like Mr Modi, who always re-evaluates the issues and solutions so that the country moves from developing to a fast-pace developed nation. It is a fact that if these research organizations reorganize themselves and prioritize the research problems, they are capable enough to become a pioneer among the world R&D industry. This paper aims to analyze the organization and suggest few points with significant findings which can assist in scaling toward excellence on a global scale.

On the basis of random sampling, laboratories were identified where their achievements and contribution toward industry and society were evaluated. On the basis of their setup, the organization and laboratories were evaluated to frame-out a SWOT analysis.

SWOT analysis is a deliberate technique carried out to analyze the current situation of the system and to analyze the internal and external environment, which provides and edge to the organization to sustain. The major factors assessed were manpower, machines, money and funding, and achievements and deliverables were studied.

The research, i.e. SWOT, is unique in nature, as it was not carried out earlier on such a scale. To some extent, the points suggested in SWOT and conclusion can be considered on their discretion; however, the organization has raised its position to international standards, but still it can consider few areas/suggestions from this analysis. These points are suggestive and flexible in nature, which are identified and defined to elevate this organization on the globe. Scientific publications do make a difference, but on the ground; if the technologies are not viable and received by public, it makes no difference. Today, India is fortunate to have a Prime Minister like Mr Modi, who always re-evaluates the issues and solutions so that the country moves from developing to a fast-pace developed nation. It is a fact that if these research organizations reorganize themselves and prioritize the research problems, they are capable enough to become a pioneer among the world R&D industry.

This study aims to investigate the extent to which consumers recognize participation in consumption tax evasion (CTE) as an ethical issue and the impact of moral recognition on consumer intention to participate. It also explores the role of religiosity and attitude toward government in the ethical decision-making process of consumers.

The model was tested using the structural equation modeling approach over 128 responses collected through the mail survey.

The results of the study suggest that attitude towards government and religiosity influences the consumers’ intention to participate in CTE. The negative attitude toward government enhances the intention to participate in CTE. Religiosity negatively influences the intention to participate in CTE and makes people recognize participation in CTE as a moral issue.

There is a need to explore the impact of other factors such as social norms and personality traits on the consumer decision-making to participate in CTE.

This study indicates that the even when people recognize participation in CTE as morally wrong, they do not have intentions to avoid such behavior because of their attitude toward government. Governments need to improve their image among consumers to reduce CTE. Also, there is a need to launch social marketing campaigns to move consumers from just recognizing moral issues in CTE to forming intentions to resolve those issues.

Earlier studies have explored the moral issue related to tax evasion in a context where an individual has directly participated in such an act, whereas this study explores the ethical aspect in the situation where consumers play an indirect role in tax evasion, i.e. CTE. In the context of participation in CTE, this study points out that the consumers recognize their indirect participation in CTE as a moral issue, but they lack the intention to curb such behavior. Further, no earlier study has explored the impact of religiosity and attitude toward government in such indirect participation in tax evasion.

The case describes the performance evaluation system that has been put in place by Ravi Kumar, the MD to ensure that Oystar Hassia is able to design, deliver, service, sell its packaging machines seamlessly in all parts of the world. The performance evaluation system is periodic, regular, able to take track the progress of the people within the system. The benefits accrued from performance evaluation system are also detailed in this case.

This research paper aims to develop and test a conceptual model which explains whether and how empowering leadership, through employee goal orientation and job conditions, influences employee proactivity. The authors suggest two simultaneous pathways from empowering leadership to employee proactivity based on path-goal theory and social exchange theory.

Data were collected from 253 frontline employees working in Indian NABH accredited hospitals. Regression analysis was performed to analyze the data with the help of SPSS 24. Further, SPSS process macro was used to test the parallel mediation effects with the help of bootstrapping procedures.

The important findings of this study are as follows: (1) empowering leadership has direct influence on employee proactivity; (2) empowering leadership, employees' goal orientation and job conditions are important antecedents of employee proactivity; (3) goal orientation and job conditions simultaneously partially mediate the relationship between empowering leadership and employee proactivity. In particular, employees' goal orientation is a more important mediating variable than job conditions in the studied relationship.

Organizations may reap the benefits of employee's proactive work behavior by hiring, training, and developing empowering leaders.

The study adds to the existing literature by building theory in the area of employee proactivity. In doing so, this study explains the less understood relationship between empowering leadership and employee proactivity.

The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of various stoichiometric ratios for synthesised epoxy phenolic novolac (EPN) resins on their physicochemical, thermomechanical and morphological properties.

In the present study, EPN (EPN-1, EPN-2, EPN-3, EPN-4 and EPN-5) resins were synthesised by varying five types of different stoichiometric ratios for phenol/formaldehyde along with the corresponding molar ratios for novolac/epichlorohydrin. Their different physicochemical properties of interest, thermomechanical properties as well as morphological properties were studied by means of cured samples with the variation of its stoichiometric ratios.

The average functionality and reactivity of EPN resin can be controlled by controlling epoxy equivalence as well as cross-linking density upon its curing as all of these factors are internally correlated with each other.

Epoxy resins are characterised by a three-membered ring known as the epoxy or oxirane group. The capability of the epoxy ring to react with a variety of substrates imparts versatility to the resin. However, these resins have a major drawback of low toughness, and they are also very brittle, which limits their application in products that require high impact and fracture strength.

Epoxy resins have been widely used as high-performance adhesives and matrix resins for composites because of their outstanding mechanical and thermal properties. Because of their highly cross-linked structure, the epoxy resin disables segmental movement, making them hard, and it is also notch sensitive, having very low fracture energy.

Epoxy resin is widely used in industry as protective coatings and for structural applications, such as laminates and composites, tooling, moulding, casting, bonding and adhesives.

Systematic study has been done for the first time, as no exact quantitative stoichiometric data for the synthesis of EPN resin were available on the changes of its different properties. Thus, an optimised stoichiometric composition for the synthesis of the EPN resin was found.