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Manufacturers are facing intensifying challenges from both local and international competitors in the marketplace. In order to survive, manufacturers must be able to manage the dynamic market variables and satisfy their customers better than their competitors. Recent investigations have started to look in a more detailed manner at particular management techniques and practices to provide better advice on how these manufacturers should react to this challenge. One of the alternatives that seek to leverage manufacturers' ability to compete is developing a high standards relationship starting with their customers and ending with their vendors, which defines the term supply‐chain management (SCM). The same hurdle is facing Saudi manufacturers. This paper is based on an empirical study, which analysed a sample of 104 manufacturing organisations in The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, using a mailed questionnaire.The survey tackled uses relating to, and particularly focused on, SCM. The paper concludes with a model of the effective management of SCM in an integrated manufacturing management proposal based on world‐class practices.

Business‐to‐business international Internet marketing (B2B IIM) has emerged as one of the key drivers in sustaining an organisation’s competitive advantage. However, market entry and communication via the Internet have affected the dynamics and traditional process in B2B commerce. Difficulties resulting from these new trends have been cited in the literature. Research into identifying what are the critical success factors for global market entry is rare. This research presents a comprehensive review in this field. The study identified 21 critical success factors applicable to most of the B2B IIM. These factors were classified into five categories: marketing strategy, Web site, global, internal and external related factors. The significance, importance and implications for each category are discussed and then recommendations are made.

The purpose of the paper is to showcase the significant achievements of Egypt's scientists in the 20th century across various fields of study such as medicine, physics, chemistry, biology, math, geology, astronomy and engineering. The paper highlights the struggles and successes of these scientists, as well as the cultural, social and political factors that influenced their lives and work. The aim is to inspire young people to pursue careers in science and make their own contributions to society by presenting these scientists as role models for hard work and dedication. Ultimately, the paper seeks to promote the importance of science and its impact on society.

The purpose of this review is to present the scientific biographies of Egypt's most distinguished scientists, primarily in the field of Natural Sciences, in a balanced and comprehensive manner. The work is objective, honest and abstract, avoiding any bias or exaggeration. The author provides a clear and concise methodology, including a brief introduction to the scientist and their field of study, an explanation of their major contributions, the impact of their work on society, any challenges or obstacles faced during their career and their lasting legacy. The aim is to showcase the important achievements of these scientists, their impact on their respective fields and to inspire future generations to pursue scientific careers.

The group of outstanding scientists in 20th century Egypt were shaped by various factors, including familial upbringing, education, society, political and cultural atmosphere and state support for scientific research. These scientists made significant contributions to various academic disciplines, including medicine, physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics and engineering. Their impact on their communities and cultures has received international acclaim, making them role models for future generations of scientists and researchers. The history of these scientists highlights the importance of educational investments and supporting scientific research to foster innovation and social progress. The encyclopedia serves as a useful tool for students, instructors and education professionals, preserving Egypt's scientific heritage and honouring the scientists' outstanding accomplishments.

The encyclopedia preserves Egypt's scientific heritage, which has been overlooked for political or other reasons. It is a useful tool for a variety of readers, including students, instructors and education professionals, and it offers insights into universally relevant scientific success factors as well as scientific research methodologies. The encyclopedia honours the outstanding scientific accomplishments of Egyptian researchers and their contributions to the world's scientific community.

The practical implications of this paper are several. First, it highlights the importance of education, family upbringing and societal support for scientific research in fostering innovation and social progress. Second, it underscores the need for continued funding and support for scientific research to maintain and build upon the accomplishments of past generations of scientists. Third, it encourages young people to pursue scientific careers and make their own contributions to society. Fourth, it preserves the scientific heritage of Egypt and honors the contributions of its outstanding scientists. Finally, it serves as a useful tool for students, instructors and education professionals seeking to understand the factors underlying scientific success and research methodologies.

The social implications of the paper include promoting national pride and cultural identity, raising awareness of the importance of education and scientific research in driving social progress, inspiring future generations of scientists and researchers, reducing socioeconomic disparities and emphasizing the role of society, politics and culture in shaping scientific researchers' personalities and interests.

The paper's originality/value lies in its comprehensive documentation of the scientific biographies of Egypt's most prominent scientists in the 20th century, providing unique insights into the factors that contributed to their development and their impact across various academic disciplines. It preserves Egypt's scientific heritage and inspires future generations of scientists and researchers through the promotion of educational investments and scientific research. The encyclopedia serves as a useful tool for education professionals seeking to understand scientific success factors and research methodologies, emphasizing the importance of supportive and inclusive environments for scientific development.

Urban planning in the Global South is insufficiently discussed in research. In addition to the global lack of utilization of research in practice, this lack of discussion resulted in an apparent gap between research, practice, governmental policies and education particularly in the Global South. The paper explores the inconsistency of interest between policymakers, practitioners and researchers by reviewing their themes of interest comparatively. The paper investigates the case study of Egypt, which recently faces a new regime with optimistic urban agendas and examines the research publication that coincided with it.

A scientometric analysis is conducted on all urban planning publications in Egypt between 2016 and 2022 using the software ‘CiteSpace’. The analysis illustrates the dominating research interests using the publications keyword.

The analysis revealed a distinct interest between researchers, who were more invested in themes like ‘planning policies’, ‘informal settings’, ‘urban expansion and growth’ and ‘urban governance and management’, while policymakers were more devoted to themes related ‘satellite cities or new cities’, ‘public transit and transit networks’, ‘informal settings’ and ‘urban expansion and growth’. The themes of interest are displayed in network analysis for a comparative analysis with other aspects like practices, governmental policies and education.

The research utilizes all research publications in the field (in a selected period) to develop a study of the research interest in the field of urban planning in Egypt during the recent years. In addition, it uses novel scientometric software to assist in analysing existing publications to produce new findings and trends.

Sorghum is a vital cereal crop and staple food for many peoples around the globe having good nutritional and health-promoting bioactive compounds and recently received great attention as gluten-free food. However, sorghum grains contain low β-glucans contents, dietary fibre polysaccharides with great technological and disease prevention properties, and improving the concentration of these compounds in sorghum is very important. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the physicochemical and starch properties of high β-glucan sorghum inbred line (Tabat-NL) in comparison with two commercial cultivars (Wadakar and Tabat-C).

Grain samples of sorghum cultivars: white colour and low tannin cultivar (Tabat-C), red colour and high tannin sorghum, and new inbred line of white sorghum cultivar (Tabat-NL) were carefully cleaned, examined for physical properties (colour, hectolitre and 1,000 kernel weights, and endosperm texture), and ground to flour and assessed for chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate, sugars, fibre and β-glucan contents). The starch was extracted and investigated for morphological characteristics and functional properties.

The results showed that Tabat-NL grains contain significantly (p=0.05) higher values of 1,000 kernel weight, hectolitre weight, total carbohydrate, amylopectin, dietary fibre and β-glucan compared to Tabat-C and Wadakar. Tabat-NL starch had greater (p=0.05) gelatinization temperature, viscosity, bulk density, and water and oil holding capacities and lower (p=0.05) acidity compared to Tabat-C and Wadakar.

The outcomes of this study demonstrated that Tabat-NL grains had an excellent marketing and milling properties, health-promoting and disease-preventing potentials, and technological features for uses in functional and speciality foods.

To the best of our understating, this is the first study on the evaluation of sorghum cultivar with high β-glucan content and could thus provide the bases for further development and application of this important food grains.

The purpose of this paper is to underpin the critical importance of the customer value concept in the airline industry, particularly in the Middle Eastern region with its current tourism boom. This value is the difference between the perceived benefits delivered to customers and the perceived sacrifices from an airline company.

A literature‐based study that employs available secondary sources on the topic examines the importance of integrating business activities to create value synergy that leads to satisfaction. Strategic management involves different levels of functionalities such as strategic plans, strategy deployment, operational execution, measurements, and adjustments.

The study indicates that the business strategic plan is the essential part of the value proposition and there are four main business functionalities: strategic planning, strategic deployment, operational execution and measurement, and adjustment.

This paper presents a focused literature study and does not contain the first‐hand empirical analysis for an individual airline. It does, however, provide the basis for future research.

This paper will be useful information for airlines industry managers and researchers seeking to gain further understanding of the different issues related to the customer value concept.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the critical success factors of total quality management (TQM) implementation in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) banking sector.

Empirical case studies were collected from 250 banks in UAE that have embarked on TQM successfully.

Sixteen factors were found to be critical to TQM implementation success. The factors are top management support, strategy, continuous improvement, benchmarking, customer focus, quality department, quality system, human resource management, recognition and reward, problem analysis, quality service technologies, service design, employees, services capes, service culture and social responsibility.

The paper provides a framework for future research to explore organisational excellence in making TQM happen successfully.

This research contributes to studies of TQM and service quality in the banking sector context by considering soft issues in its implementation.

There are two main objectives of this exploratory research paper; first is to identify and understand from a management point of view the key success factors in implementing an effective staff suggestion scheme in an organization based in UAE. The second objective is to develop and recommend a model which can bridge the gap between staff suggestion scheme theories and evidence‐based practices.

A literature‐based study that examine the theories related to staff motivation, rewards and recognition, top management involvement, and communication. A qualitative, exploratory research was then conducted using in‐depth and semi‐structured interviews with two leading organizations and five key informants in the field of staff involvement.

The study indicates that many factors have been considered in establishing the staff suggestion schemes by both organizations, issues pertaining to the increasing participation and suggestions implementation were detected. The research has recommended action plans to enhance the performance.

This paper presents a focused literature study and does not contain the first‐hand empirical analysis for individual organizations. It does, however, provide the basis for future research.

This paper will be useful information for managers and researchers seeking to gain further understanding of the different issues related to the staff suggestion scheme.