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The arbitrary Lagrangian—Eulerian (ALE) formulation, which is already well established in the hydrodynamics and fluid‐structure interaction fields, is extended to materials with memory, namely, non‐ linear path‐dependent materials. Previous attempts to treat non‐ linear solid mechanics with the ALE description have, in common, the implicit interpolation technique employed. Obviously, this implies a numerical burden which may be uneconomical and may induce to give up this formulation, particularly in fast‐transient dynamics where explicit algorithms are usually employed. Here, several applications are presented to show that if adequate stress updating techniques are implemented, the ALE formulation could be much more competitive than classical Lagrangian computations when large deformations are present. Moreover, if the ALE technique is interpreted as a simple interpolation enrichment, adequate—in opposition to distorted or locally coarse—meshes are employed. Notice also that impossible computations (or at least very involved numerically) with a Lagrangian code are easily implementable in an ALE analysis. Finally, it is important to observe that the numerical examples shown range from a purely academic test to real engineering simulations. They show the effective applicability of this formulation to non‐linear solid mechanics and, in particular, to impact, coining or forming analysis.

This paper gives a review of the finite element techniques (FE) applied in the area of material processing. The latest trends in metal forming, non‐metal forming, powder metallurgy and composite material processing are briefly discussed. The range of applications of finite elements on these subjects is extremely wide and cannot be presented in a single paper; therefore the aim of the paper is to give FE researchers/users only an encyclopaedic view of the different possibilities that exist today in the various fields mentioned above. An appendix included at the end of the paper presents a bibliography on finite element applications in material processing for 1994‐1996, where 1,370 references are listed. This bibliography is an updating of the paper written by Brannberg and Mackerle which has been published in Engineering Computations, Vol. 11 No. 5, 1994, pp. 413‐55.

The friction stir welding (FSW) process comprises several highly coupled (and non‐linear) physical phenomena: large plastic deformation, material flow transportation, mechanical stirring of the tool, tool‐workpiece surface interaction, dynamic structural evolution, heat generation from friction and plastic deformation. This paper aims to present an advanced finite element (FE) model encapsulating this complex behaviour and various aspects associated with the FE model such as contact modelling, material model and meshing techniques are to be discussed in detail.

The numerical model is continuum solid mechanics‐based, fully thermo‐mechanically coupled and has successfully simulated the FSW process including plunging, dwelling and welding stages.

The development of several field variables are quantified by the model: temperature, stress, strain. Material movement is visualized by defining tracer particles at the locations of interest. The numerically computed material flow patterns are in very good agreement with the general findings from experiments.

The model is, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the most advanced simulation of FSW published in the literature.

To provide a selective bibliography for researchers working with bulk material forming (specifically the forging, rolling, extrusion and drawing processes) with sources which can help them to be up‐to‐date.

A range of published (1996‐2005) works, which aims to provide theoretical as well as practical information on the material processing namely bulk material forming. Bulk deformation processes used in practice change the shape of the workpiece by plastic deformations under forces applied by tools and dies.

Provides information about each source, indicating what can be found there. Listed references contain journal papers, conference proceedings and theses/dissertations on the subject.

It is an exhaustive list of papers (1,693 references are listed) but some papers may be omitted. The emphasis is to present papers written in English language. Sheet material forming processes are not included.

A very useful source of information for theoretical and practical researchers in computational material forming as well as in academia or for those who have recently obtained a position in this field.

There are not many bibliographies published in this field of engineering. This paper offers help to experts and individuals interested in computational analyses and simulations of material forming processes.

The purpose of this paper is to simulate flow inside differentially heated rotating cavity using two different formulations; one using Navier‐Stokes (NS) equations derived in non‐inertial (rotating) frame of reference and the other using NS equations in inertial frame of reference. Then to compare the results obtained from these formulations to find their merits and demerits.

The NS equations for both non‐inertial and inertial formulations are written in artificial compressibility form before discretizing them by a high resolution finite volume method. The dual time steeping approach of Jameson is used for time accuracy in both the formulations. Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) approach is used for taking care of moving boundary problem arising in the inertial formulation. A newly developed HLLC‐AC Riemann solver for discretizing convective fluxes and central differencing for discretizing viscous fluxes are used in the finite volume approach. Results for both the formulations are first validated with test cases reported in literature. Then the results of the two formulations are compared among themselves.

Results of the non‐inertial formulation obtained by the proposed method are found to match well with those reported in literature. The results of both the formulations match well for low rotational speeds of the cavity. The discrepancies between the results of the two formulations progressively increase with the increase in rotational speed. Implicit treatment of the source term is found to reduce the discrepancies.

The present approach is useful for accurate prediction of flow feature and heat transfer characteristic in case of applications such as manufacturing of single wafer crystal for semiconductor and in numerous metallurgical processes.

The ALE formulation is used for the first time to simulate a differentially heated rotating cavity problem. The attempt to compare non‐inertial and inertial formulations is also reported for the first time. Implicit treatment of the source term leading to change in solution accuracy is one of the important findings of the present investigation.

Presents a finite element/volume method for non‐linear aeroelasticity analyses of turbomachinery blades. The method uses an Arbitrary Lagrangian‐Eulerian (ALE) kinematical description of the fluid domain, in which the grid points can be displaced independently of the fluid motion. In addition, it employs an iterative implicit formulation similar to that of the Implicit‐continuous Eulerian (ICE) technique, making it applicable to flows at all speeds. A deforming mesh capability that can move the grid to conform continuously to the instantaneous shape of an aeroelastically deforming body without excessive distortion is also included in the algorithm. The unsteady aerodynamic loads are obtained using inviscid Euler equations. The model for the solid is general and can accommodate any spatial or modal representation of the structure. Determines the flutter stability of the system by studying the aeroelastic time response histories which are obtained by integration of the coupled equations of motion for both the fluid and the structure. Develops and demonstrates in 2D the formulation, which includes several corrections for better numerical stability. The cases studied include NACA64A006 and NACA0012 aerofoils and the EPFL Configuration 4 cascade. Finds the results from the numerical indicate good overall agreement with other published work and hence demonstrates the suitability of an ICED‐ALE formulation for turbomachinery applications.

The present paper addresses the computer modelling of pipe formation in metal castings.

As a preliminary, a brief review of the current state‐of‐the‐art in pipe shrinkage computation is presented. Then, in first part, the constitutive equations that have to be considered in thermomechanical computations are presented, followed by the main lines of the mechanical finite element resolution. A detailed presentation of an original arbitrary Lagrangian‐Eulerian (ALE) formulation is given, explaining the connection between the Lagrangian and the quasi Eulerian zones, and the treatment of free surfaces.

Whereas most existing methods are based on thermal considerations only, it is demonstrated in the current paper that this typical evolution of the free surface, originated by shrinkage at solidification front and compensating feeding liquid flow, can be effectively approached by a thermomechanical finite element analysis.

Future work should deal with the following points: identification of thermo‐physical and rheological data, automatic and adaptive mesh refinement, calculation of the coupled deformation of mold components, development of a two‐phase solid/liquid formulation.

An example of industrial application is given. The proposed method has been implemented in the commercial software THERCAST^® dedicated to casting simulation.

The proposed numerical methods provide a comprehensive approach, capable of modelling concurrently all the main phenomena participating in pipe formation.

This study aims to evaluate blast loads on and the response of submerged structures.

An arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian method is developed to model fluid–structure interaction (FSI) problems of close-in underwater explosions (UNDEX). The “fluid” part provides the loads for the structure considers air, water and high explosive materials. The spatial discretization for the fluid domain is performed with a second-order vertex-based finite volume scheme with a tangent of hyperbola interface capturing technique. The temporal discretization is based on explicit Runge–Kutta methods. The structure is described by a large-deformation Lagrangian formulation and discretized via finite elements. First, one-dimensional test cases are given to show that the numerical method is free of mesh movement effects. Thereafter, three-dimensional FSI problems of close-in UNDEX are studied. Finally, the computation of UNDEX near a ship compartment is performed.

The difference in the flow mechanisms between rigid targets and deforming targets is quantified and evaluated.

Cavitation is modeled only approximately and may require further refinement/modeling.

The results demonstrate that the proposed numerical method is accurate, robust and versatile for practical use.

Better design of naval infrastructure [such as bridges, ports, etc.].

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study has been conducted for the first time.

Two disastrous Tsunamis, one on the west coast of Sumatra Island, Indonesia, in 2004 and another in North East Japan in 2011, had seriously destroyed a large number of bridges. Thus, experimental tests in a wave flume and a fluid structure interaction (FSI) analysis were constructed to gain insight into tsunami bore force on coastal bridges.

Various wave heights and shallow water were used in the experiments and computational process. A 1:40 scaled concrete bridge model was placed in mild beach profile similar to a 24 × 1.5 × 2 m wave flume for the experimental investigation. An Arbitrary Lagrange Euler formulation for the propagation of tsunami solitary and bore waves by an FSI package of LS-DYNA on high-performance computing system was used to evaluate the experimental results.

The excellent agreement between experiments and computational simulation is shown in results. The results showed that the fully coupled FSI models could capture the tsunami wave force accurately for all ranges of wave heights and shallow depths. The effects of the overturning moment, horizontal, uplift and impact forces on a pier and deck of the bridge were evaluated in this research.

Photos and videos captured during the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004 and the 2011 Japan tsunami showed solitary tsunami waves breaking offshore, along with an extremely turbulent tsunami-induced bore propagating toward shore with significantly higher velocity. Consequently, the outcomes of this current experimental and numerical study are highly relevant to the evaluation of tsunami bore forces on the coastal, over sea or river bridges. These experiments assessed tsunami wave forces on deck pier showing the complete response of the coastal bridge over water.

To develop a numerical methodology to simulate the lost foam casting (LFC), including the gas back‐pressure effects.

Back‐pressure effects are due to the interactions of many physical processes. The strategy proposed herein tries to model all these processes within a simple formula. The main characteristic of the model consists of assuming that the back‐pressure is a known function of the external parameters (coating, temperature, gravity, etc.) that affects directly the heat transfer coefficient from the metal to the foam. The general framework of the simulation is a finite element model based on an arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) approach and the use of level set function to capture the metal front advance.

After experimental tunings, the model provides a way to include the back‐pressure effects in a simple way.

The method is not completely predictive in the sense that a priori tuning is necessary to calibrate the model.

Provides more realistic results than classical models.

The paper proposes a theoretical framework of a finite element method for the simulation of LFC process. The method uses an ALE method on a fixed mesh and a level‐set function to capture metal front advance. It proposes an original formula for the heat transfer coefficient that enables one to include back‐pressure effects.