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Programs are typically evaluated through the average treatment effect and its standard error. In particular, is the treatment effect positive and is it statistically significant? In theory, programs should be evaluated in a decision framework, using social welfare functions and posterior predictive distributions for outcomes of interest. This chapter discusses the use of stochastic dominance of predictive distributions of outcomes to rank programs, and, under more restrictive parametric and functional form assumptions, the chapter develops intuitive mean-variance tests for program evaluation that are consistent with the underlying decision problem. These concepts are applied to the GAIN and JTPA datasets.

THE methods of wing stress analysis at present in use have in most cases been developed on the assumptions that the ribs are rigid in their own planes, and that they may be considered equivalent to an infinite number of infinitely thin ribs, infinitely closely spaced. The problem may then be treated by the methods of the calculus, as was done, for example, in an article by the writer in AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING, January and February, 1943. A more recent and much more comprehensive paper on the same subject has been published by J. Hadji‐Argyris and P. C. Dunne in the R. Ac. Society Journal, February, September and November, 1947, and May and June, 1949.

This study aims to determine the factors that influence the decisions of Muslims in Indonesia, the world’s largest Muslim country and recently acknowledged as the world’s most generous country (CAF, 2017), to donate money through mosques.

This study uses the extended theory of planned behaviour to determine the above-mentioned factors. Primary data were obtained via a survey that generated 235 responses from respondents in Depok City, Indonesia. The primary data were analysed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modelling.

The findings suggest that stronger religious beliefs, a greater trust in mosques, ease of making donations, the influence of significant others and good past experiences of donating to mosques influence donations to mosques in Depok. Thus, most of the hypotheses tested are accepted. However, the relationships between attitude and intention and moral norms and intention are found to be insignificant, which the authors presume to be related to the collective culture of Muslims in Indonesia.

The managements of mosques need to build, maintain and increase the trust of their congregations in the institution. They also need to improve the services they provide to their congregations and endorse charitable activities through influential persons such as ulama and celebrities. Together with the other stakeholders, such as the government and Muslim communities, they should also improve access to donate and increase the impacts of the donations.

This study offers fresh and current insights into voluntary giving behaviour to a specific religious institution/channel in the world’s largest Muslim country, which has also recently been acknowledged as the world’s most generous country.

Looks at the problems and methods of providing companies with detailed information about their own sales and marketing costs. Shows how a database can be constructed using the concept of marketing cost analysis. Describes profitability analysis for customers, products and any market segment required. Discusses potential problems with accuracy and the marginal cost approach, going on to show how the database should be expanded to form a complete marketing information system.

It is now some twenty years since the activity which has come to be known as information science had its discernible origin as one of the so‐called new interdisciplinary fields that emerged in the post‐war proliferation of scientific activity. This scientific revolution which also produced such new fields as operations research, game theory, systems engineering, cybernetics and so forth can for the most part be traced to the war itself in that they were attempts to develop general methods for dealing with problem areas, the likes of which were encountered during the conduct of the war. The origins of information science, for example, can be directly traced to the war during which the efficient and knowledgeable handling of masses of information was necessary. Because these tasks were generally assigned to undermanned staffs, it was natural for people to believe that the solution to problems relating to information processing lay in the supply of necessary manpower to carry out a sequence of clerical tasks. With the immediate post‐war proliferation of scientific publications which in no small degree resulted from the demonstration of the value of science in the war and hence the ensuing formation of new areas of activity, it was no wonder that scientists began to feel that (1) an information explosion was taking place and (2) critical communication problems were arising in the scientific community due to this information explosion.

Studies linking monetary policy to inflation and unemployment rates in the context of the Phillips curve are limited to conventional economics. On the other hand, research related to application of the dual monetary policy is limited to discussion of monetary policy transmission lines, especially in Islamic banking channels. Therefore, this study aims to determine the monetary policy response in implementation of the dual monetary policy to two important indicators in the macro economy, namely, inflation and unemployment. In addition, the study reveals the relevance of the Phillips curve in Indonesia.

The method used is vector auto regression vector autoregression (VAR) with monthly data from February 2005 to October 2016 for the first model and semi-annual data from February 2005 to August 2017 for the second model. Analysis of VAR estimation in this research uses the impulse response function (IRF) to analyze the degree of sensitivity or responsiveness to a shock between variables and the variance decomposition (VD) application to analyze how the proportion of each independent variable’s contribution affects the money supply.

The result shows that monetary policy has responded appropriately to the problems of inflation and unemployment. However, inflation generates a bigger response than unemployment. Bank Indonesia considers the inflation expectations aspect of both conventional and Islamic references. Finally, the concept of the Phillips curve proves to be irrelevant in Indonesia.

The central bank is expected to build a more effective policy for transmission from the monetary sector to the real sector to effectively overcome the problems of inflation and unemployment. Furthermore, Indonesia needs to increase policies to overcome problems on the supply side.

The results of this study provide new insights into application of the dual monetary policy toward inflation and unemployment.

In this paper, the gamma test is used to determine the order of lag-k tail dependence existing in financial time series. Using standardized return series, statistical evidences based on the test results show that jumps in returns are not transient. New time series models which combine a specific class of max-stable processes, Markov processes, and GARCH processes are proposed and used to model tail dependencies within asset returns. Estimators for parameters in the models are developed and proved to be consistent and asymptotically joint normal. These new models are tested on simulation examples and some real data, the S&P 500.

The Avery 64/1416 Brinell hardness testing machine has been designed to meet the dual demands of modern process control and scientific investigation. Other tests requiring a high degree of precision or repetition tests for control purposes can be carried out on the same standard machine. It is claimed to be a great advance on the usual type of hardness testing machine. Consistent conditions can be maintained in any series of tests; as the machine is power operated, the load is applied at a controlled rate, and the rate of loading is adjustable.

Examines the continuing obligations regime imposed on listed public companies via the United Kingdom Listing Authority’s Listing Rules, and how far this protects a company’s shareholders against, for instance, financial misconduct by the company directors. Discusses each of the obligations: disclosure of information, regulation of transactions (including reverse takeovers and related‐party transactions), production of credible financial information, communications with shareholders, directors, and buy‐back of shares. Concludes that the regime is desirable, but there is need to maintain the balance between protection of investors and public without discouraging companies from going public and seeking listing.