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This paper aims to study the effect of SiO₂ nano‐particulates on the corrosion behaviour of Ni‐W/SiO₂ nanocomposite coatings.

Weight loss measurements, electrochemical measurements and scanning electron microscope were used to study the corrosion behaviour of Ni‐W/SiO₂ nanocomposite coatings in NaCl solution.

The incorporation of SiO₂ nano‐particulates into the Ni‐W alloy matrix significantly increased the corrosion resistance. The improvement in corrosion resistance was due to the SiO₂ nano‐particulates acting as physical barriers to the corrosion process by filling in crevices, gaps and microscopic holes on the surface of the Ni‐W alloy.

This study highlights the use of nano‐particulates for the control of Ni‐W alloy coating corrosion and opens a new route for industry in the anti‐corrosion field.

This paper aims to introduce a novel approach to the fabrication of photoluminescent materials by coating rare earth aluminate luminescent materials on metallic substrates and a readily manufacturable light source with robust structure in the form of photoluminescent sphere (APS).

The clean and dried stainless steel sphere was sprayed with UH 2593, a white undercoat, the luminescent coating and the weather resistance coating in chronological order.

After adhered onto the stainless steel sphere, the peaks corresponding to the N-H stretching vibrations were changed. The intensity of free N-H stretching at 3,536 cm⁻¹ dramatically decreased and the peak of hydrogen-bonded N-H stretching of PU moved to lower wavenumbers. The red shift of the infrared bands of functional groups was attributed to the strengthened hydrogen bonding. The hydrogen bonding interactions between the stainless steel substrates and the polyurethane coating endowed the APS with excellent adhesive property and also promoted the evenly distribution of the photoluminescent particles in the polymer coating matrix.

This approach can be applicable in the fabrication of the photoluminescent materials. The APS can be used as signs and guiding post in remote areas without sufficient electricity supply and in the seas and rivers with complicated hydrological conditions.

This approach has provided a method to produce tough and durable luminescent signs for remote areas and dangerous seas and explained the functional mechanism of the combined application of metallic materials and non-metallic materials.

In this study, the tri-bological behaviour of the un-coated and diamond coated tungsten carbide was evaluated using the pin-on-disc test rig. The same was also tested on a lathe machine tool. This paper aims to compare the tri-bological behaviour of coated tungsten carbide pin with un-coated tungsten carbide pin it also correlates the wear obtained from the two machines used.

Experiments were performed using L8 orthogonal array and results obtained on a pin-on-disc test rig under dry sliding process were optimized through a modern optimization technique i.e. genetic algorithm (GA). The response surface methodology model (L8 orthogonal array) formed the basis for the development of the GA model, which defines the conditions of minimum wear, minimum coefficient of friction and minimum surface roughness for the sliding process of the pin-on-disc test rig.

Implementation of the heuristic approach for optimization of input parameters for the combination of tool material used for the turning process. The initial approach involves tri-bological testing considering the same combination. The set of experiments further performed, inferred that the results were similar and that the diamond coating enhances the life of the tool.

Successfully synthesized the diamond coating on tungsten carbide tool material. Implantation of the heuristic approach, i.e. GA to tri-bological tests to identify the optimized level of input variables. Experimentation involves the tri-bological testing whose results were confirmed through performing experiments on the lathe machine tool.

The coatings industry, as well as the chemical industry of which it is a part, is being subjected to stress. There are numerous ways to react to stress. One way to react to stress is to prognosticate, and the coatings industry has not been without those who wish to forecast its future. To attempt to delve into the future is both interesting and important and, accordingly, in this report we shall examine some of these forecasts. But first let us review briefly the origin of the stress to which the coatings industry is being subjected.

Describes the preparation and properties of heat‐resistant paints based on an epoxy blended with rhodorsil silicone resin. Studies the heat‐resistant properties as per ASTM standard (D 2485‐91). Also determines the properties of the liquid paint and coated metal panels. Assesses the thermal degradation of the coating both by electrochemical (potential vs time and EIS) and structural (SEM) means. Results reveal that the coating is stable up to 200°C on a mild steel surface and degradation takes place only beyond this temperature. Discusses the failure mechanism of the above coating in light of the experiment’s results.

This paper is an initial attempt to discuss the American institutionalist movement as it changed and developed after 1945. Institutionalism in the inter-war period was a relatively coherent movement held together by a set of general methodological, theoretical, and ideological commitments (Rutherford, 2011). Although institutionalism always had its critics, it came under increased attack in the 1940s, and faced challenges from Keynesian economics, a revived neoclassicism, econometrics, and from new methodological approaches derived from various versions of positivism. The institutionalist response to these criticisms, and particularly the criticism that institutionalism “lacked theory,” is to be found in a variety of attempts to redefine institutionalism in new theoretical or methodological terms. Perhaps the most important of these is to be found in Clarence Ayres’ The Theory of Economic Progress (1944), although there were many others. These developments were accompanied by a significant amount of debate, disagreement, and uncertainty over future directions. Some of this is reflected in the early history of The Association for Evolutionary Economics.

A review essay on Ivo Maes, Economic Thought and the Making of European Monetary Union: Selected Essays of Ivo Maes, with forewords by Guy Quaden and A. W. Coats, Cheltenham, U.K., and Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN 1 84064 800 7, hardcover, 2002. European economic integration, leading to the Single Market and at the start of 1999 to the replacement of eleven national currencies by the euro, remains tumultuous, with France and Germany exempting themselves in November 2003 from the budget deficit limits of the Economic Growth and Stability Pact (the Maastricht Treaty), which had been binding on less politically powerful countries such as Portugal. Ivo Maes is ideally suited to provide insight and perspective on the economic thought underlying these developments. As Deputy Head of the Research Department of the National Bank of Belgium and formerly an administrator (that is, a generalist rather than a specialist economist) with the Commission of the European Communities, he is a central bank insider whose book carries a foreword by Guy Quaden, Governor of the National Bank of Belgium, and concludes with a long essay written with Jan Smets, Director of the Research Department of the National Bank of Belgium and Commissioner-General for the Euro, and Jan Michielsen, formerly Head of the Foreign and Financial Market Departments of the National Bank of Belgium. In Part 3, Maes, Smets, and Michielsen argue that Belgium played a leading role in shaping the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and especially in promoting Franco-German agreement. At the same time, Maes can view the monetary authorities as an academic outsider, a professor at the University of Leuven and at the ICHEC business school in Brussels, a sometime visiting professor at Texas Lutheran College and Duke University, and a respected historian of economics. His Brussels vantage point, in a city and country particularly closely engaged in the evolution of the European Community but not in one of the major powers within the Community, also contributes to an enlightening perspective. There has been a torrent of books on the politics and economics of the euro (e.g. Padoa-Schioppa, 1994), as well as specialist periodicals such as the Journal of Common Market Studies, but Maes stands out by considering the process as an historian of economics.

This article attempts to tackle a fundamental methodological question in economics. The task is to investigate whether competing traditions in the history of economics are commensurable or not, that is, whether there is a firm ground on which a researcher could adjudicate the truth content of a theory. Thomas Kuhn in philosophy and Donald McClosky in economics among others are understood to advance the thesis that theories are incommensurable since there is no empirical ground to resort to in order to resolve disputes among traditions in economics. Karl Popper in philosophy and Mark Blaug in economics among others argue that theories are commensurable since there is a sharp and distinct criterion which could determine the scientific content of a theory. A more sophisticated version of Popper's falsificationism has been advanced in philosophy by Imre Lakatos and has been correspondingly followed in economics by Spiro Latsis, E. Roy Weintraub and others.

The purpose of this paper is to study thermal stability, curing kinetics and physico‐chemical properties of polyurethanes systems for application in in‐mould decoration (IMD) ink.

The thermal stability of three Polyurethane (Pu) systems A, B, C were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The kinetic parameters of the curing reaction of Pu system C were calculated using non‐isothermal curing kinetics analysis, including the activation energy Ea, the reaction rate constant K(T), the reaction order n, the initial curing temperature (Ti), the peak temperature (Tp), and the finishing temperature (Tf). Additionally, physico‐chemical properties were also evaluated such as flexibility, impact resistance, pencil hardness, adhesive attraction and solvent resistance.

TGA showed that thermal decomposition temperature T5 (5 wt.% weight loss), T10 (10 wt.% weight loss) and Tend (decomposition termination temperature) of Pu system C was 344°C, 363°C, and 489°C, respectively. T5, T10, Tend increased by 77°C, 61°C, 4°C, respectively, and the char yield at 600°C increased by 25.1 wt.% comparing with Pu system B. Curing kinetics analysis showed that Ea of Pu system C was 62.29 KJ/mol, 65.98 KJ/mol and 65.95 KJ/mol by Kissinger, Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa and Ozawa method, respectively. The order of the curing reaction (n=0.90) demonstrated that it was a complex reaction. Moreover, Pu system C exhibited good physico‐chemical properties. The results showed that Pu system C was suitable to apply into IMD ink.

The TGA analysis, curing kinetics analysis and evaluation of physico‐chemical properties provided a simple and practical solution to study suitable resins for IMD ink application.

IMD ink for heat transfer printing technology is highly efficient, relatively low cost, clean and environmentally safe. It has been widely applied into medical and pharmaceutical products, electronic devices, telecommunication equipment, computer parts, appliance panels, automotive parts, etc.

In this paper, the thermal stability and curing kinetics of Pu for IMD ink are reported for the first time. The paper gives very interesting and important information about thermal stability, curing kinetics and properties of Pu coating system for IMD ink application.