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Article
Publication date: 1 August 1959

The first Report of the Radiobiological Laboratory of the Agricultural Research Council (reviewed in the August issue of the B.F.J.) reveals something of the comprehensive…

Abstract

The first Report of the Radiobiological Laboratory of the Agricultural Research Council (reviewed in the August issue of the B.F.J.) reveals something of the comprehensive monitoring system for radioactive fission products in the human diet, animal products, pasturage and crops, and the soil. The Report contained the results of a survey of Strontium 90 in the human diet in this country. The survey is continuing into radioactive pollution of food. The service will be available for “accidents” at the gradually increasing number of atomic plants and doubtless it will be extended to cover imported foods, that is at the port of entry, since these may come from countries with higher levels from fall‐outs than in the U.K. Such a service is a public health necessity in any country even though present levels are generally insignificant in relation to the Medical Research Council's recommendations for maximum allowable concentrations. These levels, at which the M.R.C. say action would be required, were doubtless fixed with wide safety margins before definite danger levels would be approached and as maximum allowable concentrations are unlikely to be reached in the peace‐time uses of nuclear energy, including present rates of testing nuclear weapons, except in areas adjacent to possible “accidents” at nuclear plants, perhaps our fears of danger to health from radiation are exaggerated. Possible war‐time levels are another matter; these are unpredictable; unthinkable. There are fairly large areas in different parts of the world, extremely rich in radio‐active materials; where the indigenous population has, as long as it has been settled there, received many times the dose to which the population of the remainder of the earth have so far been exposed. These people in a few areas have been studied; they appear to suffer no ill effects and are as healthy and fertile as those who do not live on radio‐active earth.

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British Food Journal, vol. 61 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

Article
Publication date: 1 January 1976

JOHN C. PAPAGEORGIOU

The different applications of the lognormal model in describing the distribution of various populations from both the biophysical and socioeconomic spheres are reviewed. A…

Abstract

The different applications of the lognormal model in describing the distribution of various populations from both the biophysical and socioeconomic spheres are reviewed. A discussion then follows of the underlying causal relationships which seem to govern the behavior of these populations. They seem to be, firstly, the existence of a large number of members in the population; and secondly, competition among the members for a common resource. Finally, the usefulness of the model as a general model describing such populations is discussed.

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Kybernetes, vol. 5 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0368-492X

Article
Publication date: 1 March 1989

Farhad Analoui and Andrew Kakabadse

Discussions about conflict at work generally tend to revolve aroundexamples of overt industrial action, taken against an employer by agroup of well‐organised employees. As the…

Abstract

Discussions about conflict at work generally tend to revolve around examples of overt industrial action, taken against an employer by a group of well‐organised employees. As the service sector becomes increasingly prominent within the UK, this model is no longer adequate – if it ever was – since much action is covert and individualistic in nature. Moreover, managers themselves may also engage in activities designed to defy or subvert central policy initiatives. This monograph is concerned with an analysis of such activities in a night‐club environment, and is based on six years research during which one of the authors worked as an employee for a large service sector organisation. It illustrates graphically the way in which employees resisted management instructions, or sought to “get even” with individuals who had alienated them. The implications which this research suggests for improving systems of management in an environment such as this are assessed.

Article
Publication date: 1 June 1990

Stuart James

The 150th anniversary of Thomas Hardy′s birth is briefly noted and anumber of recent publications on the author and his work are noted in thecontext of his corpus of critical…

Abstract

The 150th anniversary of Thomas Hardy′s birth is briefly noted and a number of recent publications on the author and his work are noted in the context of his corpus of critical material on him.

Details

Library Review, vol. 39 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0024-2535

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 January 1972

KEITH HOWARD and PHILIP B. SCHARY

A new approach to the problems of product line strategy and inventory investment decisions

Abstract

A new approach to the problems of product line strategy and inventory investment decisions

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International Journal of Physical Distribution, vol. 2 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0020-7527

Article
Publication date: 1 February 1990

D.J. SLOTTJE and MICHAEL NIESWIADOMY

The lack of a satisfactory theory of personal income distribution is a problem that economists have pondered for most of the twentieth century. In 1912 Irving Fisher wrote:

Abstract

The lack of a satisfactory theory of personal income distribution is a problem that economists have pondered for most of the twentieth century. In 1912 Irving Fisher wrote:

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Studies in Economics and Finance, vol. 13 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1086-7376

Article
Publication date: 1 January 1983

Stephen P. Witt

A binary choice model explaining the distribution of holidays abroad undertaken by UK residents is constructed and estimated. The foreign holiday demand function is generated from…

Abstract

A binary choice model explaining the distribution of holidays abroad undertaken by UK residents is constructed and estimated. The foreign holiday demand function is generated from a comparison of holiday costs and benefits, and stochastic behaviour is permitted. In addition, the effects of incomplete knowledge on holiday choice are incorporated in the model. It is shown that the empirical results support the theoretical framework and that the £50 foreign currency limit imposed by the British Government between 1966 and 1969 resulted in a shift in the distribution of foreign holidays.

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Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 10 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-3585

Article
Publication date: 1 August 1993

Andrzej Huczynski

In the history of business management thought, six idea families have predominated during the last eighty or so years — bureaucracy (Max Weber), scientific management (Frederick…

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Abstract

In the history of business management thought, six idea families have predominated during the last eighty or so years — bureaucracy (Max Weber), scientific management (Frederick Winslow Taylor), classical management (Henri Fayol), human relations (Elton Mayo), neo‐human relations (Abraham Maslow). To these one can add the more recent contributions of different writers under the heading of guru theory. The first five idea families are well known, but the sixth requires explanation. Gury theory achieved prominence during the 1980s. While not yet featuring extensively in management textbooks it has received widespread attention in the financial and business press (Lorenz, 1986; Dixon, 1986; Clutterbuck and Crainer, 1988; Pierce and Newstrom, 1988; Heller, 1990). Guru theory consists of the diverse and unrelated writings of well‐known company chief executives such as Lee lacocca (Chrysler), Harold Geneen (ITT), John Harvey‐Jones (ICI) and John Sculley (Apple Computer); of management consultants like Tom Peters and Philip Crosby; and of business school academics like Michael Porter, Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Henry Mintzberg. Since their contributions are so heterogeneous, and as the writings draw so much of their authority from the individual authors themselves, the adopted label is felt to be appropriate.

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International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, vol. 13 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-333X

Article
Publication date: 1 July 1963

J.G.M. Tyas

HITHERTO, OVER‐EMPHASIS by teachers on the skills and techniques of writing has tended to obscure the fact that communication does not take place in a vacuum, but is always to

Abstract

HITHERTO, OVER‐EMPHASIS by teachers on the skills and techniques of writing has tended to obscure the fact that communication does not take place in a vacuum, but is always to someone, about something, and in some context. The consideration of these matters is at least as important as the skills of writing and the techniques of presenting written information. Indeed, no amount of purely literary expertise will by itself make a communication effective, and there is clearly an important sense in which such expertise is secondary and incidental — so that a person who writes well but cannot effectively relate his writing to the circumstances of the communication he wishes to make is comparable to a ‘ghost writer’ who does no more than improve the presentation of what may be the interesting and important but badly expressed ideas of someone else. Many technologists who become managers find themselves, because of their poor writing ability, obliged to use their secretaries as ghost writers — a frustrating and time‐wasting method, and one which can be entirely abortive if the secretary also lacks writing skill. The matter may perhaps be summed up by saying that the skills of writing are to the technologist‐manager what applied mathematics is to him as a technologist — something which must be competently known, but which has no immediate importance apart from the uses to which it is put.

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Education + Training, vol. 5 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0040-0912

Article
Publication date: 1 January 1990

A.J.C. Brown and F. Gilbert

Optical profilometry has many industrial uses, from machine tool measurements to microelectronics, as experts explain.

Abstract

Optical profilometry has many industrial uses, from machine tool measurements to microelectronics, as experts explain.

Details

Sensor Review, vol. 10 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0260-2288

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