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Article
Publication date: 15 December 2023

Amos Gavi, Emma Plugge and Marie Claire Van Hout

The dual epidemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) in Sub-Saharan Africa has increased substantially in recent years, with…

Abstract

Purpose

The dual epidemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) in Sub-Saharan Africa has increased substantially in recent years, with cardiovascular disease representing a significant contributor to the regional burden of disease. Very little is known about the cardiovascular health of people deprived of their liberty in the region. The purpose of this study was to collate extant literature on the topic.

Design/methodology/approach

A scoping review mapped and described what is known about cardiovascular disease in prison populations in Sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic search of empirical literature with no date limitation was conducted in English. Sixteen studies representing six Sub-Saharan African countries (Cameroon, Nigeria, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Ghana and Ethiopia) were charted, categorised and thematically analysed.

Findings

Seven key themes were identified: custodial deaths and autopsy; cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise; cardiovascular disease and elderly people in prison; cardiovascular disease and women in prison; dietary deficiencies; influence of sleep patterns on cardiovascular disease; and other associated risk factors. Most natural deaths at autopsy of custodial deaths were due to cardiovascular disease. Cardiorespiratory fitness was low in prisons, and poor sleep patterns and dietary deficiencies are likely contributors to the burden of cardiovascular disease in prisons. The needs of elderly and female prison populations are ill-considered.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first known attempt to scope extant literature on cardiovascular disease in Sub-Saharan African prisons. A strategic focus on the cardiovascular health of people in prison is warranted. Routine monitoring and expansion of existing prison health-care services and integration of NCD services with infectious disease (HIV and tuberculosis) programmes in prisons are required.

Details

International Journal of Prison Health, vol. 20 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2977-0254

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 19 January 2024

Natthawut Daoset, Samroeng Inglam, Sujin Wanchat and Nattapon Chantarapanich

This paper aims to investigate the influence of post-curing temperature, post-curing time and gamma ray irradiation dose upon the tensile and compressive mechanical properties of…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the influence of post-curing temperature, post-curing time and gamma ray irradiation dose upon the tensile and compressive mechanical properties of the medical graded vat photopolymerization parts.

Design/methodology/approach

Medical graded vat photopolymerization specimens, made from photopolymer resin, were fabricated using bottom-up vat photopolymerization machine. Tensile and compressive tests were conducted to assess the mechanical properties. The specimens were categorized into uncured and post-curing groups. Temperature post-processing and/or gamma irradiation exposure were for post-curing specimens. The post-curing parameters considered included temperature levels of 50°C, 60°C and 70°C, with 1, 2, 3 and 4 h periods. For the gamma irradiation, the exposure doses were 25, 50, 75 and 100 kGy.

Findings

Post-curing improved the mechanical properties of medical graded vat photopolymerization parts for both tensile and compressive specimens. Post-curing temperature greater than 50°C or a prolonged post-curing period of more than 1 h made insignificant changes or deterioration in mechanical properties. The optimal post-curing condition was therefore a 50°C post-curing temperature with 1 h post-curing time. Exposure to gamma ray improved the compressive mechanical properties, but deteriorated tensile mechanical properties. Higher gamma irradiation doses could decrease the mechanical properties and also make the part more brittle, especially for doses more than 25 kGy.

Originality/value

The obtained results would be beneficial to the medical device manufacturer who fabricated the invasive temporary contact personalized surgical instruments by vat photopolymerization technique. In addition, it also raised awareness in excessive gamma sterilization in the medical graded vat photopolymerization parts.

Details

Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 30 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 16 December 2022

Agus Fredy Maradona, Parmod Chand and Sumit Lodhia

The purpose of this study is to identify the professional skills and competencies of accountants that support a successful implementation of International Financial Reporting…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to identify the professional skills and competencies of accountants that support a successful implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The authors further investigate the extent to which professional accountants have developed these skills through professional training.

Design/methodology/approach

In the survey, Indonesian accountants were provided with a list of 47 skill items under nine categories of professional skills and were asked to rate the importance of each skill item and to indicate the level of priority given to the development of the skill items in the professional training they have undertaken. Their responses provide insights into the skills needed for applying IFRS and the adequacy of professional training in providing these skills.

Findings

The authors find that accounting judgement is considered to be the most necessary skill for applying IFRS. Likewise, the findings show that ethical skills and certain generic skills are also perceived to be necessary for adequate application of IFRS, while skills relating to cultural sensitivity are viewed as least important. The findings further demonstrate that professional training programmes need to emphasise the development of judgement and other relevant skills that are important skill categories for applying IFRS.

Research limitations/implications

This study extends the literature on IFRS implementation through a specific focus on the professional skills required by accountants.

Practical implications

These findings have important policy implications for the standard-setters, regulators, auditors and to professional training providers across the world, such as professional accounting associations, accounting firms and educational institutions, for evaluating the content of the training and education programmes being delivered to accountants to prepare them with the relevant skills for applying IFRS.

Originality/value

This study is one of the first to examine the importance of various types of skills necessary for accountants in applying IFRS and the extent to which these skills have been developed through the professional accounting training provided.

Details

Meditari Accountancy Research, vol. 32 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2049-372X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 12 July 2023

Sarthak Dhingra, Rakesh Raut, Angappa Gunasekaran, B. Koteswara Rao Naik and Venkateshwarlu Masuna

This paper aims to discover and analyze the challenges hampering blockchain technology’s (BT’s) implementation in the Indian health-care sector. A total of 18 challenges have been…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to discover and analyze the challenges hampering blockchain technology’s (BT’s) implementation in the Indian health-care sector. A total of 18 challenges have been prioritized and modeled based on an extensive literature search and professional views.

Design/methodology/approach

An integrated multi-criteria decision-making approach has been used in two phases. Best worst method (BWM) is used in the first phase to prioritize the challenges with sensitivity analysis to validate the findings and eliminate a few challenges. In the second phase, interpretive structural modeling is applied to the remaining 15 challenges to obtain relative relationships among them with cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification analysis for their categorization.

Findings

The study’s results reveal that limited knowledge and expertise, cost and risk involved, technical issues, lack of clear regulations, resistance to change and lack of top management support are the top-ranked or high-intensity challenges according to the BWM. Interpretive structural modelling findings suggest that the lack of government initiatives has been driving other challenges with the highest driving power.

Research limitations/implications

This work has been conducted in the Indian context, so careful generalization of the results is needed.

Practical implications

This work will give health-care stakeholders a better perspective regarding blockchain’s adoption. It will help health-care stakeholders, service providers, researchers and policymakers get a glimpse of the strategies for eradicating mentioned challenges. The analysis will help reduce the challenges’ impact on blockchain’s adoption in the Indian health-care sector.

Originality/value

The adoption of BT is a novel concept, especially in developing countries such as India. This is one of the few works addressing the challenges to BT adoption in the Indian health-care sector.

Details

Journal of Modelling in Management, vol. 19 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1746-5664

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