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Previous research has suggested that brand knowledge could be affected by companies and consumer characteristics such as consumer personality. The purpose of this study is to analyse the impacts of gender, field of education, and having consumed the brand, on consumers' brand knowledge.

An exploratory study is designed to reveal the impacts of gender, field of education, and usage of a brand by evaluating Turkish university students' knowledge of nine international fashion brands. The survey is conducted by using convenience sampling method to reach a heterogeneous group of different departments, gender, and usage frequencies that would reveal whether these variables have an effect on brand knowledge or not. The students are also asked to describe each brand by two or three words.

Significant differences are found with respect to usage, gender, and departments. Students belonging to the departments more related to fashion and female students have more knowledge about these nine brands. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate that consumption of a brand increases both brand awareness and brand image.

Future studies could analyse brands by grouping them in accordance with their target segments and product types in order to compare them more strictly. It is also purposeful to compare the brand knowledge of the same brands in different samples and different countries.

Since brand associations are used in positioning, the results of the open‐ended questions advise firms operating marketing activities whether to strengthen or to alter these associations.

The study could be beneficial for academicians and business practitioners, since it reveals the effects of gender, field of education, and usage on brand knowledge.

The purpose of this paper is to make an overall research on transport applications and discuss the critical success factors of e‐transport applications in Turkey.

Based on literature review on e‐government applications, this paper builds on theoretical understanding of critical success factors in e‐transport applications.

Considering the critical success factors in transport related e‐government services in Turkey, increasing logistics and transportation activities, national information system strategy towards the advanced information technology applications, adoption of European Union and international standards, awareness of transport industry about the importance of information technology, new regulations for information technology, priorities in providing financial incentives for information technology based innovation projects are determined as some of the opportunities for the development of information technology in Turkey. In terms of threats, insufficient use of e‐transport services due to security and privacy problems, need for substantial financial resources, fragmented nature of organizational aspects, limited number of information technology providers in transport applications, insufficient amount of R&D and need for substantial financial resources are determined as threats for transport related government services.

This paper is considered only for e‐transport applications in Turkey.

The results can be used to develop policies to increase e‐government adoption.

Critical success factors method addresses the requirements for developing e‐government policies.

This study aims to explore recent public sector trends, inter-organizational and cross-sector collaborations, and analyzes these in terms of implications for participative development of information systems (IS). These trends are understood as being part of emerging forms of e-government. Initial suggestions for how to develop IS in the new contexts are provided.

Three cases involving the trends described above, taking place in the Swedish emergency response system, are studied and used as basis for identified participative IS development challenges and suggested adaptation needs. Data collection involves semi-structured interviews, focus groups and future workshops.

The identified challenges concern balancing ideological versus practical needs, lack of resources, lack of know-how and design techniques and tool challenges. Some practical implications for participative IS development include more extensive focus on stakeholder and legal analysis, need for interdisciplinary design teams, merging of task and needs analysis for yet-undefined user tasks and using on-line alternatives for interacting with users.

The study is exploratory where the three cases are in different, but at the same time interrelated, collaboration contexts. The identified implications and challenges provide proposals that in future research can be applied, formalized and integrated when developing practically feasible participative IS development approaches.

It is argued that the results point toward a current emerging form of e-government initiatives directed toward certain demarcated groups of citizens actually carrying out certain tasks for their co-citizens and society rather than the broad masses, having far-reaching practical implications and complicating the issue of IS development.