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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between perceived price justice, satisfaction, revisit intention and loyalty among restaurant customers, specially the mediating effect of revisit intention in the relationship between perceived price justice, satisfaction and loyalty.

Data were collected from a questionnaire distributed to customer of restaurants in Turkey. A total of 304 restaurant customers participated.

Results from structural equation modeling show that price justice and satisfaction positively influence their revisit intention of restaurant customers, also revisit intention positively influences loyalty of restaurant customers. Also, the empirical results indicate that while revisit intention fully mediates the effect of price justice and loyalty, it partially mediates the effect of satisfaction and loyalty.

When the studies in the literature are examined, it is seen that there are various studies that deal with perceived price justice, customer satisfaction, revisit intention and loyalty variables from a different viewpoint. However, no study has been found on restaurants that investigate the relationship between these four variables and the mediating role of revisit intention. Furthermore, the authors’ study contributes to the hospitality and service management literature in two ways. First, the authors follow recent calls for studies on antecedents of revisit intention, with the aim of providing empirical support to uncover factor that shape customers’ revisit intentions. Second, the authors investigate the attitudinal mechanism that explains how customers’ perception of price justice and satisfaction in their loyalty by exploring the mediation effect of revisit intention. On the other hand, it is foreseen that the study will shed light on restaurant managers and provide healthy data for strategic planning. Additionally, that the results obtained are the practical purpose of the study is to contribute to the determination of product development and promotional strategies for restaurant managements.

Discussions of authenticity in touristic experiences indicate that it is a significant area in the search for meaning. This study aims to demonstrate that the quest for authenticity in a tourist experience begins in the pre-travel period by associating it with meaning in life.

Data were collected via survey from 356 people planning to participate in tourism activities. The survey included demographic questions, the meaning in life scale and the quest for authenticity (QfA) scale, designed by previous researchers.

The analysis revealed that meaning in life levels significantly explained the quest for subjective authenticity (R2 = 0.303) and objective authenticity (R2 = 0.131) in tourist experiences. The search for objective authenticity in a tourist experience significantly mediated the relationship between meaning in life and subjective authenticity.

The research has several limitations. Primarily, the sampling group of the research consists of Turkish tourists who are planning to participate in tourism mobilities, and mostly females volunteered to respond in the data collection process. Hence it is necessary to study potential tourists from other countries for a more generalized conclusion. Second, the authors did not specifically ask the sample group which forms of tourism they are planning to participate in, heritage and culture, fair, etc. Subsequent studies may address this distinction and the explanatory power of the independent variable may differ according to plan to participate in different forms of tourism.

Tourism has an important place in individuals' search for meaning in life and authenticity. Because it offers an environment/setting where individuals can find answers to these searches. As a result of modernism, individuals become alienated from themselves, and their environment and the meanings they attribute to life are sometimes blurred. Some individuals experiencing this tend towards tourist mobility. This process individuals go through also includes the need for authenticity. Thus, such tourist behaviors cause the emergence of different authentic products that can meet the expectations and wishes of individuals.

One of the main elements that encourages people to travel is quest for authenticity, which they feel is lacking in modern life. Thus, tourists are more likely to experience meaning in life based on subjective experiences than viewed objects.

The study offers three novel findings: individuals seek authenticity in tourist experiences in order to find meaning in life; quest for authenticity begins in the pre-travel process; and objective authenticity is necessary to seek subjective authenticity through meaning in life. While a few studies have investigated these variables, the authenticity literature has neglected the pre-travel phase. However, this needs attention to better understand authenticity in tourism.

The purpose of this paper is to discover the common and differentiating food factors that affect tourists’ gastronomy satisfaction by comparing tourists’ gastronomic experiences at two culinary destinations in the Mediterranean region.

A total of 396 usable questionnaires were collected using a convenience sampling method from Cordoba (Spain) and Hatay (Turkey). The data were analysed through descriptive and multivariate analysis methods, including frequency analysis, multiple independent samples t-tests, χ² analysis and multiple regression analyses.

The results indicate that both of the destinations primarily attract existential type gastronomic tourists; however, they also attract recreational and diversionary types of tourist, particularly in Cordoba. From the perspective of Mediterranean cuisine, food quality and traditional gastronomy were determined to be common crucial factors for tourists’ food consumption satisfaction, which outweighs the effects of price, facilities and atmosphere. In addition, service and hospitality and innovation and new tastes in the dishes are the significant factors; however, factors vary according to the destination.

This study makes a significant contribution to the field food tourism by identifying common significant and insignificant and differentiating food factors that affect tourists’ gastronomic satisfaction in culinary destinations within the same geographical region. The results have the potential to provide a broader perspective for destination marketers and culinary establishments.

This study aims to reveal the impact of consumers’ price sensitivity on their purchase intention within the scope of supermarkets. Besides, the study aims to examine the impact of consumers’ price sensitivity on their price perception level and emotions and the impact of consumers’ price level perception and emotions toward supermarkets on their purchase intention. It also aims to detect the mediating effects of consumers’ price level perception and emotions toward supermarkets between their price sensitivity and purchase intention.

The quota sampling method was used to form the study sample. The population was 20–69-year-old consumers. The study sample included 513 consumers, 276 of whom were men, and 237 of whom were women. Data were collected via a questionnaire by the researchers in Mersin’s (Turkey) five central counties. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation models were used to analyze data.

Consumers’ price sensitivity, perception of cheapness, perception of expensiveness and positive emotions toward supermarkets affect their purchase intention. Besides, price sensitivity affects their perception of cheapness while it does not affect their perception of expensiveness. It influences negative emotions, but not on positive emotions. Consumers’ perception of cheapness and perception of expensiveness have impacts on positive emotions toward supermarkets. It was additionally discovered that perception of cheapness and perception of expensiveness affected negative emotions toward supermarkets. A contributed finding was that perception of cheapness had a partial mediating role between price sensitivity and purchase intention.

The study provides managerial implications in terms of understanding consumers’ behavioral changes, developing effective pricing strategies and achieving competitive advantages over the other retailing companies.

The study illustrates that consumer behavior can be explained by a theoretical construct considering the price perception levels and emotions toward supermarkets in examining the effect of consumers’ price sensitivity on their purchase intention. Therefore, it contributes to explain consumers’ behavior by bringing the stimulus–organism–response (SOR) model into a theoretical construct.

本研究旨在揭示在超級市場的研究範疇內，消費者的價格敏感度對其購買意圖的影響。此外，本研究亦擬探討消費者的價格敏感度對其價格水平感知及情緒的影響，以及消費者的價格水平感知及對超級市場的情感對其購買意圖的影響。本研究亦旨在檢測在消費者的價格敏感度與購買意圖之間，其價格水平感知及對超級市場的情感兩者的仲介效果。

本研究用了配額抽樣法來建立研究樣本。研究的對象為20嵗至69嵗的消費者。研究樣本包括513名消費者，其中276人為男性，237人為女性。數據由研究人員透過一項問卷調查在梅爾辛省 (土耳其) 的五個中心縣取得。使用探索性因素分析，驗證性因素分析及結構方程模型來分析數據。

研究結果顯示，消費者的價格敏感度，廉價感，對昂貴的看法及對超級市場的正面情緒，均影響其購買意圖。此外，消費者的價格敏感度會影響其廉價感，唯其對昂貴的看法則不受影響。價格敏感度對負面情緒帶來影響，但正面情緒則不受影響。消費者對廉價的看法及對昂貴的看法均影響他們對超級市場的正面情緒。研究亦發現，廉價感及對昂貴的看法均影響消費者對超級市場的負面情緒。貢獻的發現是：廉價感於價格敏感度與購買意圖之間扮演部分仲介角色。

本研究對管理有其作用。研究結果幫助管理人員更了解消費者行為的改變，發展有效的定價策略，以及比其它零售公司更能發展競爭優勢。

本研究闡明消費者行為是可以利用一個理論構建來說明的，而這個理論構建是透過考慮價格水平感知及對超級市場的情感來探討消費者的價格敏感度對其購買意圖的影響。因此，本研究透過把「刺激 – 機制 – 反應」模型變成為一個理論構建來說明消費者的行為， 在這方面，本研究是有其貢獻的.

This study aims to understand the push and pull motivations of leisure tourists who stay for one or more nights on the Opatija Riviera and explores the causal connection between motivations and loyalty intention with regard to holiday style. It verifies path discrepancy based on generational and educational differences.

The data were collected over a four-month period that included the low and high seasons of 2019. In total, 246 useable questionnaires were collected through on-site research. First, exploratory factor analysis was conducted as this was the first tourist loyalty study to be conducted in the Opatija Riviera region. Then, to test for causal significance amongst relationships and differences at the path level, the partial least square method and multigroup analysis (MGA) was undertaken.

The results showed that overall satisfaction fully mediates the relationship between the two established motivations (novelty seeking and outdoor activity) and loyalty to holiday style and partially between relaxation and loyalty to holiday style. Further, MGA results indicated a significant discrepancy in the relationship between preferred holiday style with regard to educational and age difference.

This study offers new insights regarding a relatively new type of tourist loyalty by developing a theoretical framework that assesses the relationship between loyalty intention and motivation, as well as overall satisfaction.

度假方式忠诚度：动机决定因素

本研究旨在了解在奥帕提亚里维埃拉 度假一晚或多晚的休闲游客的推拉动机, 并探究了度假方式方面的动机和忠诚意愿之间的因果关系。它基于代际和教育差异来验证路径差异。

这些数据是在4个月的时间内收集的, 包括2019年的淡季和旺季。通过现场调研, 共收集到246份可用问卷。首先, 进行了探索性因素分析(EFA), 因为这是在奥帕提亚里维埃拉 (Opatija Riviera) 地区进行的第一次游客忠诚度研究。然后, 采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)和多组分析(MGA)检验各关系之间的因果意义和路径层次上的差异。

结果显示, 总体满意度完全调节了两种已确立的动机(寻求新奇、户外活动)和对度假方式忠诚度之间的关系, 部分调节了寻求放松和对度假方式忠诚度之间的关系。此外, MGA结果显示, 受教育程度与年龄差异的度假方式偏好之间存在显著差异。

本研究通过建立一个理论框架来评估忠诚意愿和动机以及总体满意度之间的关系, 为一种相对新型的游客忠诚度提供了新的见解。

Lealtad al estilo de vacaciones: determinantes motivacionales

El objetivo del presente estudio es entender las motivaciones push y pull de turistas de ocio que permanecen una noche o más noches en la Riviera de Opatija y explorar la relación de causalidad entre las motivaciones y la intención de lealtad con respecto al estilo de vacaciones. El estudio evalúa las discrepancias de trayectoria basadas en las diferencias generacionales y educacionales.

La recolección de datos se realizó durante un período de cuatro meses que incluía las temporadas bajas y altas del año 2019. En total se recogieron 246 cuestionarios usables a través de las investigaciones de campo. En primer lugar, se llevó a cabo un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE), dado que éste fue el primer estudio de lealtad turística llevado a cabo en la región de la Riviera de Opatija. En segundo lugar, para comprobar la significancia causal entre las relaciones y las diferencias a nivel de trayectoria, han sido realizados el método de los mínimos cuadrados parciales (MCP) y el análisis multigrupo (AMG).

Los resultados indican que la satisfacción general revela enteramente la relación entre las dos motivaciones establecidas (búsqueda de novedad, actividad al aire libre) y la lealtad al estilo de vacaciones, y, parcialmente, la relación entre el relax y la lealtad al estilo de vacaciones. Además, los resultados de AMG indican una discrepancia relevante en la relación entre el estilo de vacaciones preferido con respecto a las diferencias de educación y edad.

El presente estudio ofrece nuevas perspectivas en cuanto a un tipo relativamente nuevo de lealtad turística, desarrollando un marco teórico que establece la relación entre la intención de lealtad, la motivación y la satisfacción general.