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The purpose of this paper is to use the kernel method to produce a smoothed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and show how baby gender can influence Clinical Risk Index for Babies (CRIB) scale according to survival risks.

To obtain the ROC curve, conditioned by covariates, two methods may be followed: first, indirect adjustment, in which the covariate is first modeled within groups and then by generating a modified distribution curve; second, direct smoothing in which covariate effects is modeled within the ROC curve itself. To verify if new-born gender and weight affects the classification according to the CRIB scale, the authors use the direct method. The authors sampled 160 Portuguese babies.

The smoothing applied to the ROC curves indicates that the curve's original shape does not change when a bandwidth h=0.1 is used. Furthermore, gender seems to be a significant covariate in predicting baby deaths. A higher value was obtained for the area under curve (AUC) when conditional on female babies.

The challenge is to determine whether gender discriminates between dead and surviving babies.

The authors constructed empirical ROC curves for CRIB data and empirical ROC curves conditioned on gender. The authors calculate the corresponding AUC and tested the difference between them. The authors also constructed smooth ROC curves for two approaches.

Secchi and Cowley (2016, 2018) propose a Radical approach to Organizational Cognition (ROC) as a way of studying cognitive processes in organizations. What distinguishes ROC from the established research on Organizational Cognition is that it remains faithful to radical, anti-representationalist principles of contemporary cognitive science. However, it is imperative for proponents of ROC to legitimize their approach by considering how it differs from the established research approach of Distributed Cognition (DCog). DCog is a potential contender to ROC in that it not only counters classical approaches to cognition but also provides valuable insights into cognition in organizational settings.

The paper adopts a conceptual/theoretical approach that expands Secchi and Cowley's introduction of ROC.

The paper shows that DCog research presupposes a task-specification requirement, which entails that cognitive tasks are well-defined. Consequently, DCog research neglects cases of organizational becoming where tasks cannot be clearly demarcated for the or are well-known to the organization. This is the case with the introduction of novel tasks or technical devices. Moreover, the paper elaborates on ROC's 3M model by linking it with insights from the literature on organizational change. Thus, it explores how organizing can be explored as an emergent phenomenon that involves micro, meso and macro domain dynamics, which are shaped by synoptic and performative changes.

The present paper explores new grounds for ROC by not only expanding on its core model but also showing its potential for informing organizational theory and radical cognitive science research.

Although green entrepreneurial orientation (GEO) has received much attention, it is unclear whether it affects technological green innovation (GI). Therefore, this study aims to understand how GEO affects technological GI, with its dimensions green product innovation (GPRODI) and green process innovation (GPROCI), as well as to explore whether resource orchestration capability (ROC) moderates the relationships between them.

Based on a cross-sectional survey design, data were gathered from 177 managers of large manufacturing firms in Yemen and analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling via SmartPLS software.

The results revealed that GEO positively affects both GPRODI and GPROCI, with a higher effect on GPROCI. Importantly, ROC does, in fact, positively moderate the link between GEO and GPRODI.

This research adds to knowledge by combining GEO, ROC and technological GI into a unified framework, considering the perspectives of the resource-based view and the resource orchestration theory. However, the study’s use of cross-sectional survey data makes it impossible to infer causes. This is because GEO, ROC and technological GI all have effects on time that this empirical framework cannot account for.

The findings from this research provide valuable insights for executives and decision makers of large manufacturing companies, who are expected to show increasing interest in adopting ROC into their organisations. This suggests that environmentally-conscious entrepreneurial firms can enhance their GI efforts by embracing ROC.

By adopting the proposed framework, firms can carry out their activities in ways that do not harm environmental and societal well-being, as simply achieving high economic performance is no longer sufficient.

Theoretically, the results offer an in-depth understanding of the role of GEO in the technological GI domain by indicating that GEO can promote GPRODI and GPROCI. In addition, the results shed new light on the boundaries of GEO from the perspective of resource orchestration theory. Furthermore, the findings present important insights for managers aiming to enhance their comprehension of leveraging GEO and ROC to foster technological GI.

The current study aims to ascertain how green entrepreneurial orientation (GEO) affects green innovation performance (GIP) through the mediating mechanism of the knowledge creation process (KCP) and whether or not these associations can be strengthened or hampered by the moderating impacts of resources orchestration capabilities (ROC).

The research used data from managers at various levels in 154 manufacturing enterprises in Pakistan to evaluate the relationships among the constructs using hierarchical regression analysis and moderated mediation approach.

The study indicates that GEO substantially impacts firms' GIP. GEO and GIP's relationship is partially mediated by two KCP dimensions: knowledge integration (KI) and knowledge exchange (KE). Furthermore, ROC amplifies not only the effects of GEO on KE but also the effects of KE on GIP. The moderated mediation results demonstrate that KE has a greater mediating influence on GEO and GIP when ROC is higher.

To better understand GEO's advantages and significance, future studies should look into the possible moderating mechanisms of environmental, organizational culture/green capability in the association between GEO, KCP and GIP.

The research helps expand the field of green entrepreneurship and GIP literature by providing a deeper knowledge of GEO and offering insight into how to boost GI in manufacturing firms.

This research helps fill in knowledge gaps in the field by delving further into the mechanisms by which GEO promotes GIP, both directly and indirectly, via the mediating role of KCP and the moderating impacts of ROC.

The purpose of this article is to explore the possibility of people living in manufactured housing parks in Australia to collectively buy the property at fair market value and convert it into a resident owned community co-operative.

The methodological approach is based on 20 interviews with occupants of resident owned communities (ROCs) and key informants in the USA state of New Hampshire. Residents' interviews provide an understanding of the motivations to want to own and self-manage the property.

The findings suggest that, based on USA experience and the availability of enabling financial structures, Australian residential park residents could be keen buyers of manufactured housing park properties.

A limitation of this research was the small number of interviewees who were mainly people in ROC leadership positions and advocates. Another limitation was that no specific investigation was made to gauge manufactured housing park (MHP) residents' level of demand for ROCs in Australia. Although there was some evidence of support, further Australia-wide enquiry is needed.

The sale of MHPs to resident co-operatives could become a new component of the property market in Australia and residents entering the market as buyers may cause a shift in market forces.

ROCs would offer greater diversity of housing choice and might further inform decision-makers of seniors and retirees' future intentions. Downsizers moving to ROCs could potentially increase the savings nest egg through the sale of the family home which will also free-up conventional housing for better utilisation by younger cohorts.

Owners of residential parks are unlikely to have considered the tenants as potential buyers of the property, but, envisaging, ROCs could become a new type of tenure for Australians aged over 50 years.

The purpose of this paper is to explain why ROC analysis is an inappropriate replacement for probative analysis in lineup research.

Taking as the medical example comparing two methods to detect the presence of a malignant tumor (Mickes et al., 2012), and operationally defining ROC analysis: radiologists are shown the results from two methods. Their confidence judgments create a graph of correct identifications by mistaken ones. The author can compare the methods on radiologists’ ability to differentiate sick from healthy. Lineup researchers create two distinct lineups. In target-present lineups, witnesses differentiate between the target and the foils, not the target and the innocent suspect. In target-absent lineups, witnesses cannot even differentiate between innocent suspects and foils, having seen none.

Eyewitness ROC curves are similar to probative analysis, but provide less useful information.

Researchers ware warned against using ROC when conducting lineup research.

Preventing inappropriate use of ROC analysis.

The purpose of this article is to introduce Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) surfaces and hyper‐surfaces within a banking context as natural generalizations of the ROC curve.

Nonparametric ROC analysis using U‐statistics theory was used.

Application of the proposed methodology on data from a small size Greek bank illustrates the usefulness of ROC analysis for scoring systems assessment. The area under the ROC curve and the volume under the ROC surface and hyper‐surface are useful diagnostic indices for the assessment of credit rating systems and scorecards. The notion of statistical significance is not adequate for the evaluation of the loan granting strategy of a financial institution.

This article will be of value to financial institutions during the process of evaluation/validation of rating models.

Classification techniques have been applied to many applications in various fields of sciences. There are several ways of evaluating classification algorithms. The analysis of such metrics and its significance must be interpreted correctly for evaluating different learning algorithms. Most of these measures are scalar metrics and some of them are graphical methods. This paper introduces a detailed overview of the classification assessment measures with the aim of providing the basics of these measures and to show how it works to serve as a comprehensive source for researchers who are interested in this field. This overview starts by highlighting the definition of the confusion matrix in binary and multi-class classification problems. Many classification measures are also explained in details, and the influence of balanced and imbalanced data on each metric is presented. An illustrative example is introduced to show (1) how to calculate these measures in binary and multi-class classification problems, and (2) the robustness of some measures against balanced and imbalanced data. Moreover, some graphical measures such as Receiver operating characteristics (ROC), Precision-Recall, and Detection error trade-off (DET) curves are presented with details. Additionally, in a step-by-step approach, different numerical examples are demonstrated to explain the preprocessing steps of plotting ROC, PR, and DET curves.

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis is a powerful tool to measure and specify the problems with diagnostic performance in medicine. Describes this analysis and the importance of the index area under ROC curve, using some examples to demonstrate its application. The study was conducted on two sets of new‐borns with very low birth weight, coming from neonatal intensive care units from Portuguese hospitals. The first application uses correlated samples, and aims to define which of the five indices of clinical seriousness can be considered the best to evaluate the risk of death for babies with very low birth weight. In the second application, regarding independent samples, compares four Portuguese hospitals, the aim being to identify the neonatal intensive care unit which presents the best performance in terms of care to the new‐borns, i.e. evaluated through the comparison of the clinical severity indices.

Assesses differences in the economies of Taiwan and China to determine whether or not perceptions of quality management differences exist among managers of electronic firms in the two countries. Statistical results suggest that these two groups of managers not only differ in how they define quality, they also differ in their beliefs about the relationship between quality management and organizational outcomes, the extent to which quality management is practiced in the firm, and how the quality of their products compares with products produced by competitors in other countries.