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Book part
Publication date: 18 April 2015

Irène Berthonnet and Thomas Delclite

The chapter analyses the uses made in the economic literature of the two modern names of the Paretian criterion: optimality and efficiency. Based on a large database of 10,000…

Abstract

The chapter analyses the uses made in the economic literature of the two modern names of the Paretian criterion: optimality and efficiency. Based on a large database of 10,000 EconLit referenced scientific publications, we use a lexicometric and historical approach to study the uses, instead of the meaning, of the Paretian Criterion. We prove that economists differentiate their use of optimality and efficiency and that since the 1970s, uses of Pareto-efficiency have gradually replaced those of Pareto-optimality. Our interpretation is that economists who use the Paretian criterion change the status of their analysis from normative to positive economics.

Details

A Research Annual
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78441-154-1

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 April 1993

E. OÑATE and G. BUGEDA

The concepts of solution error and optimal mesh in adaptive finite element analysis are revisited. It is shown that the correct evaluation of the convergence rate of the error…

Abstract

The concepts of solution error and optimal mesh in adaptive finite element analysis are revisited. It is shown that the correct evaluation of the convergence rate of the error norms involved in the error measure and the optimal mesh criteria chosen are essential to avoid oscillations in the refinement process. Two mesh optimality criteria based on: (a) the equal distribution of global error, and (b) the specific error over the elements are studied and compared in detail through some examples of application.

Details

Engineering Computations, vol. 10 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0264-4401

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1978

William R. King

The problems which are inherent in designing sophisticated systems that are actually used by the intended user, for the originally‐intended purpose, and at approximately the…

Abstract

The problems which are inherent in designing sophisticated systems that are actually used by the intended user, for the originally‐intended purpose, and at approximately the intended level of effectiveness and efficiency have become vividly clear throughout society in the last decade. Millions have been spent on complex systems such as the “personal rapid transit” system in Morgantown, West Virginia, with the result that shortly after it was operating, serious consideration was given to spending additional millions to dismantle the system because it did not perform as intended. The Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system cost hundreds of millions and still has not changed the transit habits of the residents of the area; autos still clog the freeways at rush hour and travellers are heard to complain that the fixed routes of BART are not sufficiently convenient to lure them away from their cars. Business firms and other organisations have similarly spent millions developing computerised control systems only to find that employees develop their own informal systems because of a lack of “trust” in the system.

Details

Management Decision, vol. 16 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0025-1747

Article
Publication date: 11 September 2023

Mohd Irfan and Anup Kumar Sharma

A progressive hybrid censoring scheme (PHCS) becomes impractical for ensuring dependable outcomes when there is a low likelihood of encountering a small number of failures prior…

Abstract

Purpose

A progressive hybrid censoring scheme (PHCS) becomes impractical for ensuring dependable outcomes when there is a low likelihood of encountering a small number of failures prior to the predetermined terminal time T. The generalized progressive hybrid censoring scheme (GPHCS) efficiently addresses to overcome the limitation of the PHCS.

Design/methodology/approach

In this article, estimation of model parameter, survival and hazard rate of the Unit-Lindley distribution (ULD), when sample comes from the GPHCS, have been taken into account. The maximum likelihood estimator has been derived using Newton–Raphson iterative procedures. Approximate confidence intervals of the model parameter and their arbitrary functions are established by the Fisher information matrix. Bayesian estimation procedures have been derived using Metropolis–Hastings algorithm under squared error loss function. Convergence of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) samples has been examined. Various optimality criteria have been considered. An extensive Monte Carlo simulation analysis has been shown to compare and validating of the proposed estimation techniques.

Findings

The Bayesian MCMC approach to estimate the model parameters and reliability characteristics of the generalized progressive hybrid censored data of ULD is recommended. The authors anticipate that health data analysts and reliability professionals will get benefit from the findings and approaches presented in this study.

Originality/value

The ULD has a broad range of practical utility, making it a problem to estimate the model parameters as well as reliability characteristics and the significance of the GPHCS also encourage the authors to consider the present estimation problem because it has not previously been discussed in the literature.

Article
Publication date: 1 August 1996

Maqsood A. Chaudhry

The problem of determining the optimal location and length of a slit to obtain a desiredvalue of resistance in polygonal integrated circuit thin‐film resistors prior to laser…

97

Abstract

The problem of determining the optimal location and length of a slit to obtain a desired value of resistance in polygonal integrated circuit thin‐film resistors prior to laser trimming them has applications in IC fabrication technology. The optimal location of the slit can be determined which gives minimum changes in the value of the resistance for small variations in the length of the slit. This can lead to fabrication of highly accurate resistors. Another criterion for optimality can be the location of the slit which will result in the smallest length of the slit. This can lead to a faster and cheaper IC fabrication process. In this paper, the author describes a method of numerical conformal mapping for computing the length of a slit to obtain the desired value of resistance and the near optimal location of the slit when the shape of the polygon is given. Depending upon the optimality criterion chosen, the near optimal location of the slit will either reduce the variations in the value of resistance for small variations in the length of the slit which may be caused by tolerance in the laser trimming system or will give a smaller length of the slit. The extended Schwarz‐Christoffel transformation developed by the author and others will be used when polygons with curved segments are encountered.

Details

Microelectronics International, vol. 13 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1356-5362

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 2003

R. Zitouni and A. Keraghel

The classical transportation problem is actually well known both in theory and numerical resolution. We are interested in the multi‐subscripts capacitated transportation problem…

537

Abstract

The classical transportation problem is actually well known both in theory and numerical resolution. We are interested in the multi‐subscripts capacitated transportation problem of axial sum launched by specialists some years ago. Our work deals with the capacitated problem with four subscripts for which we have established an existence criterion, an optimality condition and an algorithm of resolution.

Details

Kybernetes, vol. 32 no. 9/10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0368-492X

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Article
Publication date: 29 March 2023

Anil Kumar K.R. and J. Edwin Raja Dhas

The purpose of this study is to improve supplier performance and strategic sourcing decisions by integrating jobshop scheduling, inventory management and agile new product…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to improve supplier performance and strategic sourcing decisions by integrating jobshop scheduling, inventory management and agile new product development. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the organizations have struggled a lot to maintain the supplier performance and strategic sourcing decisions in the organizational benefit. However, in this context, the organization’s agile new product development (ANPD) process must be aligned with this requirement by maintaining the inventory and jobshop scheduling. As a result, identifying ANPD indicators, performance metrics and developing a structural framework to guide practitioners at various stages for smooth adoption is essential to improve the overall performance.

Design/methodology/approach

A comprehensive literature review is conducted to identify jobshop scheduling, inventory management and ANPD indicators along with the performance metrics, and the hierarchical structure is developed with the help of expert opinion. The modified stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) and weighted aggregated sum product assurance (WASPAS) techniques, along with expert judgement, are used in this study to calculate the weights of the indicators and the ranking of the performance metrics.

Findings

As per the weight computation by SWARA method, the strategy indicators have the highest relative weight, followed by the product design indicators, management indicators, technical indicators, supply chain indicators and organization culture indicators. According to the ranking of performance metrics obtained through WASPAS, the “frequency of new product development is at the top”, followed by “advances in product design and development” and “estimated versus actual time to market”.

Research limitations/implications

It is believed that the framework developed will help industrial practitioners to plan effectively to improve supplier performance. The indicators identified may guide the ANPD penetration, and performance metrics may be useful for evaluation and comparison.

Practical implications

The outcomes of the present study will be extremely beneficial for the industry practitioners to improve the supplier performance. The indicators identified may guide the ANPD penetration, and performance metrics may be useful for evaluation and comparison.

Originality/value

A unique combination of modified SWARA–WASPAS technique has been used in this study which would be beneficial for organizations willing to adopt the jobshop scheduling and inventory management and ANPD for improving supply chain performance.

Details

Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing, vol. 16 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2398-5364

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Article
Publication date: 6 February 2023

Jaypalsinh Ambalal Rana and Suketu Y. Jani

The Sustainable Lean Six Sigma (SLSS) adoption approach, advancements in Internet technologies and the use of Industry4.0 technologies has resulted in faster customer need…

Abstract

Purpose

The Sustainable Lean Six Sigma (SLSS) adoption approach, advancements in Internet technologies and the use of Industry4.0 technologies has resulted in faster customer need fulfilment. The Industry4.0 technologies have resulted in a new paradigm where strategic and operational decisions are in favour of profitability and long-term viability. The purpose of this study is to identify Industry4.0-SLSS practices and sustainable supply chain performance metrics, as well as to develop a framework for decision-makers and managers to make supply chains more sustainable.

Design/methodology/approach

The 33 Industry4.0-SLSS practices and 24 performance metrics associated with the sustainable supply chain are shortlisted based on extensive literature review and expert opinion. The Pythagorean Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (PF-AHP) approach is used to evaluate the weights of Industry4.0-SLSS practices after collecting expert panel opinions. The Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) methodology used these weights to rank performance metrics.

Findings

According to the results of PF-AHP, “Product development competencies (PDC)” are first in the class of major criteria, followed by “Advanced technological competencies (ATC)” second, “Organisational management competencies (OMC)” third, “Personnel and sustainable competencies (PSC)” fourth and “Soft Computing competencies (SCC)” fifth. The performance metric “Frequency of NPD” was ranked first by the WASPAS method.

Research limitations/implications

The proposed paradigm helps practitioners to comprehend Industry4.0 technology and SLSS practices well. The identified practices have the potential to boost the sustainability and supply chain's performance. Organizational effectiveness will benefit from practices that promote a sustainable supply chain and the use of developing technology. Managers can evaluate performance using performance metrics that have been prioritized.

Originality/value

The present study is one of the unique attempts to establish a framework for enhancing the performance of the sustainable supply chain. The idea of establishing Industry4.0-SLSS practices and performance measures is the authors' original contribution.

Details

Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, vol. 34 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1477-7835

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 June 1979

William R. King

In recent years, a great deal of attention has been paid to processes through which more useful management information systems (MIS's) might be developed. This attention is due to…

Abstract

In recent years, a great deal of attention has been paid to processes through which more useful management information systems (MIS's) might be developed. This attention is due to the widespread realisations, which developed in the second and third decades of the computer era, that many computer‐based information systems were failing to fulfil the purpose for which they were intended, or failing to live up to the expectations of potential users.

Details

Management Decision, vol. 17 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0025-1747

Article
Publication date: 25 September 2009

Humberto Hijar‐Rivera and Victor Garcia‐Castellanos

The purpose of this paper is to present computer‐generated combined arrays as efficient alternatives to Taguchi's crossed arrays to solve robust parameter problems.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present computer‐generated combined arrays as efficient alternatives to Taguchi's crossed arrays to solve robust parameter problems.

Design/methodology/approach

The alternative combined array designs were developed for the cases including six to twelve variables where CMR designs are not smaller than Taguchi's designs. The efficiency to estimate the effects of interest was calculated and compared to the efficiency of the corresponding CMR designs.

Findings

For all the cases investigated at least one computer generated combined array design was found with the same size as the CMR design and with higher efficiency.

Practical implications

Robust parameter design identifies appropriate levels of controllable variables in a process for the manufacturing of a product. The designed experiments involve the controllable variables along with the uncontrollable or noise variables to design a product or process that will be robust to changes in these noise variables. Response surface methodology estimates the actual relationship between the response and the input variables with an empirical model based on the designed experiment. Once the empirical model is fitted, the surface described by the model can be used to describe the behavior of the response over the experimental region. The higher efficiency of the computer generated combined array designs proposed in this research produces lower variances for the parameter estimates and lower variance of prediction for the model. As a result, the response will be described in a more realistic form.

Originality/value

The paper shows that using a computer‐generated design to solve a robust parameter problem will result in a better approximation to the true response of the process. Consequently, optimizing the fitted model will produce settings for the parameters closer to the real optimal settings.

Details

Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, vol. 15 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2511

Keywords

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