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Expert briefing
Publication date: 9 August 2023

The strategy doubles Germany’s domestic hydrogen production target, shifts its approach to low-carbon hydrogen and pledges other measures to establish a domestic hydrogen market…

Details

DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB281110

ISSN: 2633-304X

Keywords

Geographic
Topical
Expert briefing
Publication date: 15 August 2022

The shortcomings of hydrogen as a green energy source.

Article
Publication date: 30 April 2020

Xingyang Chen, Linlin Ma, Haoping Xie, Fengting Zhao, Yufeng Ye and Lin Zhang

The purpose of this paper is to present a crack initiation mechanism of the external hydrogen effect on type 304 stainless steel, as well as on fatigue crack propagation in the…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a crack initiation mechanism of the external hydrogen effect on type 304 stainless steel, as well as on fatigue crack propagation in the presence of hydrogen gas.

Design/methodology/approach

The effects of external hydrogen on hydrogen-assisted crack initiation in type 304 stainless steel were discussed by performing fatigue crack growth rate and fatigue life tests in 5 MPa argon and hydrogen.

Findings

Hydrogen can reduce the incubation period of fatigue crack initiation of smooth fatigue specimens and greatly promote the fatigue crack growth rate during the subsequent fatigue cycle. During the fatigue cycle, hydrogen invades into matrix through the intrusion and extrusion and segregates at the boundaries of α′ martensite and austenite. As the fatigue cycle increased, hydrogen-induced cracks would initiate along the slip bands. The crack initiation progress would greatly accelerate in the presence of hydrogen.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is an original work carried out by the authors on the hydrogen environment embrittlement of type 304 stainless steel. The effects of external hydrogen and argon were compared to provide understanding on the hydrogen-assisted crack initiation behaviors during cycle loading.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 67 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 January 2014

Asis Sarkar

This paper aims to evaluate nine types of electrical energy generation options with regard to seven criteria. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to perform the…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to evaluate nine types of electrical energy generation options with regard to seven criteria. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to perform the evaluation. The TOPSIS method was used to evaluate the best generation technology.

Design/methodology/approach

The options that were evaluated are the hydrogen combustion turbine, the hydrogen internal combustion engine, the hydrogen fuelled phosphoric acid fuel cell, the hydrogen fuelled solid oxide fuel cell, the natural gas fuelled phosphoric acid fuel cell, the natural gas fuelled solid oxide fuel cell, the natural gas turbine, the natural gas combined cycle and the natural gas internal combustion engine. The criteria used for the evaluation are CO2 emissions, NOX emissions, efficiency, capital cost, operation and maintenance costs, service life and produced electricity cost.

Findings

The results drawn from the analysis in technology wise are as follows: natural gas fuelled solid oxide fuel cells>natural gas combined cycle>natural gas fuelled phosphoric acid fuel cells>natural gas internal combustion engine>hydrogen fuelled solid oxide fuel cells>hydrogen internal combustion engines>hydrogen combustion turbines>hydrogen fuelled phosphoric acid fuel cells> and natural gas turbine. It shows that the natural gas fuelled solid oxide fuel cells are the best technology available among all the available technology considering the seven criteria such as service life, electricity cost, O&M costs, capital cost, NOX emissions, CO2 emissions and efficiency of the plant.

Research limitations/implications

The most dominant electricity generation technology proved to be the natural gas fuelled solid oxide fuel cells which ranked in the first place among nine alternatives. The research is helpful to evaluate the different alternatives.

Practical implications

The research is helpful to evaluate the different alternatives and can be extended in all the spares of technologies.

Originality/value

The research was the original one. Nine energy generation options were evaluated with regard to seven criteria. The energy generation options were the hydrogen combustion turbine, the hydrogen internal combustion engine, the hydrogen fuelled phosphoric acid fuel cell, the hydrogen fuelled solid oxide fuel cell, the natural gas fuelled phosphoric acid fuel cell, the natural gas fuelled solid oxide fuel cell, the natural gas turbine, the natural gas combined cycle and the natural gas internal combustion engine. The criteria used for the evaluation were efficiency, CO2 emissions, NOX emissions, capital cost, O&M costs, electricity cost and service life.

Details

International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, vol. 31 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0265-671X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 27 May 2020

S.W. Cai, Y. Zong, T.S. Hua and R.G. Song

This paper aims to verify the inhibition of the hydrogen permeation effect of the coating and to quantitatively and qualitatively characterize the coating-induced stress.

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to verify the inhibition of the hydrogen permeation effect of the coating and to quantitatively and qualitatively characterize the coating-induced stress.

Design/methodology/approach

By means of slow strain rate tensile testing (SSRT) in humid air, thickness measurement, fracture morphology, cross-section morphology and surface morphology, hydrogen content measurements, flow stress difference method.

Findings

The results demonstrate that the mechanism of the inhibition of hydrogen embrittlement by the coating is mainly attributed to the repression of hydrogen permeation and the additional coating-induced compressive stress.

Originality/value

It is proven that the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coating does inhibit hydrogen entry into the alloy, and the stress induced by the MAO coating is compressive stress, which can restrain the hydrogen embrittlement of the alloy. Therefore, the mechanism of the inhibition of hydrogen embrittlement is dominated by the mechanisms of both hydrogen permeation inhibition and coating-induced stress.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 67 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 28 May 2021

Fan Bao, Kaiyu Zhang, Zhengrong Zhou, Wenli Zhang, Xiao Cai and Lin Zhang

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the effect of δ-ferrite on the susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement of type 304 stainless steel in hydrogen gas environment.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the effect of δ-ferrite on the susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement of type 304 stainless steel in hydrogen gas environment.

Design/methodology/approach

The mechanical properties of as-received and solution-treated specimens were investigated by the test of tensile and fatigue crack growth (FCG) in 5 MPa argon and hydrogen.

Findings

The presence of δ-ferrite reduced the relative elongation and the relative reduction area (H2/Ar) of 304 stainless steel, indicating that δ-ferrite increased the susceptibility of hydrogen embrittlement in 304 stainless steel. Moreover, δ-ferrite promoted the fatigue crack initiation and propagation at the interface between δ-ferrite and austenite. The FCG tests were used to investigate the effect of δ-ferrite on the FCG rate in hydrogen gas environment, and it was found that δ-ferrite accelerated the FCG rate, which was attributed to rapid diffusion and accumulation of hydrogen around the fatigue crack tip through δ-ferrite in high-pressure hydrogen gas environment.

Originality/value

The dependence of the susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement on δ-ferrite was first investigated in type 304 steel in hydrogen environment with high pressures, which provided the basis for the design and development of a high strength, hydrogen embrittle-resistant austenitic stainless steel.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 68 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

Keywords

Expert briefing
Publication date: 17 June 2022

Production offers flexibility: hydrogen can be made in multiple locations -- increasing geopolitical diversification -- using renewable electricity, nuclear power and fossil fuels…

Details

DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB270889

ISSN: 2633-304X

Keywords

Geographic
Topical
Article
Publication date: 28 April 2022

Gang Wang, Zihan Wang, Yue Zhang, GuangTao Xu, MingHao Zhao and Yanmin Li

The purpose of this paper is to find a new method to evaluate the hydrogen embrittlement performance of heterogeneous materials and thin film materials.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to find a new method to evaluate the hydrogen embrittlement performance of heterogeneous materials and thin film materials.

Design/methodology/approach

The changes of hydrogen embrittlement properties of steel were studied by electrochemical hydrogen charging test and scratch test. The microstructure and properties of the alloy were analyzed by hardness tester, scanning electron microscope and three-dimensional morphology. The fracture toughness before and after hydrogen charging was calculated based on the scratch method.

Findings

The results showed that the hydrogen-induced hardening phenomenon occurs in the material after hydrogen charging. The scratch depth and width increased after hydrogen charging. The fracture toughness obtained by the scratch method showed that hydrogen reduces the fracture toughness of the material. The comparison error of fracture toughness calculated by indentation method was less than 5%.

Originality/value

The results show that the scratch method can evaluate the hydrogen embrittlement performance of the material. This method provides a possibility to evaluate the hydrogen embrittlement of thin-film and heterogeneous materials.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 69 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 26 February 2024

Nicola Martino, Lorenzo Ardito, Antonio Messeni Petruzzelli and Daniele Rotolo

This paper aims to map the evolution of hydrogen-based technologies (HBTs) by examining the patenting activity associated to these technlogies from 1930 to 2020. In doing so, the…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to map the evolution of hydrogen-based technologies (HBTs) by examining the patenting activity associated to these technlogies from 1930 to 2020. In doing so, the study provides a novel perspective on the development of HBTs and offers implications for managers and policymakers.

Design/methodology/approach

We collected patent data at the level of patent families (PFs). Our sample includes 317,089 PFs related to hydrogen production and 62,496 PFs to hydrogen storage. We examined PF data to delineate the state of the art and major technical advancements of HBTs.

Findings

Our analysis provides evidence of an increasing patenting activity in the area of HBTs, hence suggesting relatively high levels of expectations on the economic potential of these technologies. US and Japan hold the largest proportion of PFs related to HBTs (about 60%), while European applicants hold the highest proportion of highly cited PFs (about 60%). While firms represent the applicant with the highest share of PFs, our analysis reveals that firms holding HBT PFs are primarily from the chemical sector.

Research limitations/implications

While our analysis is limited to examining patent data which capture some aspects of the innovation activity around HBTs (namelly, patented inventions), our study enriches existing literature by performinng a patent analysis on a much larger sample of data when compared to previous studies.

Practical implications

Two main implications emerge from our study. Firstly, there seems to be an urgent need to support the emergence of a dominant design so as to facilitate the consolidation and diffusion of the HBTs, hence the transition to a more sustainable energy production. Secondly, the majority of HBT PFs are held by a small number of countries. This, in turn, suggests opportunities to develop cross-country cooperation (e.g. international agreements, research and technology offices) to support the development and adoption of HBTs globally.

Social implications

Considering the results obtained in this study, from a social point of view, the attention that organizations have paid to hydrogen related technologies is evident. This suggests that the development HBTs can function as a social enabler for a sustianable energy transition.

Originality/value

Extant research has focused on the individual components of the hydrogen chain. As a result, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the progress made in the area of HBTs. To address this gap, this study examined HBTs by focusing on both production and storage technologies since their initial developments, hence adopting an observation period of about 70 years.

Details

EuroMed Journal of Business, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1450-2194

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 26 May 2023

Yanqi Tu, Saiyu Liu, Rongjian Shi, Shani Yang, Kewei Gao and Xiaolu Pang

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the cementite morphology on the hydrogen trapping behavior in low-alloy pipeline steel.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the cementite morphology on the hydrogen trapping behavior in low-alloy pipeline steel.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, the hydrogen trapping behavior in low-alloy pipeline steel was quantitatively studied by a combination of microstructural observations, electrochemical hydrogen permeation experiments and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) analyses.

Findings

P-1 and P-2 steels are two samples with different microstructures. The morphology of cementite precipitates in the P-1 and P-2 steels was different. Lamellar cementite is present in P-2 steel and only granular cementite in P-1 steel, which led to a better irreversible hydrogen trapping ability of P-2 steel, which was confirmed by subsequent hydrogen permeation and TDS experiments.

Originality/value

The study of these deep hydrogen trap sites is helpful in improving the hydrogen embrittlement resistance of low-alloy pipeline steels.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 70 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

Keywords

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