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The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected how consumers make payment choices. This study aims to develop a comprehensive model explaining customers’ continuance usage of mobile payment during the COVID-19 pandemic by investigating both the pull (positive) factors of mobile payment and the push (negative) factors of cash payment.

A survey was conducted on 508 mobile payment users. A quota sampling method was applied to collect the data. Then, the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. This study employed SPSS and LISREL software.

This study reveals that four antecedent factors: favorable attitude toward mobile payment, social influence, facilitating conditions and unfavorable attitude toward cash payment, positively affect the continuance intention to use mobile payment during the COVID-19 pandemic. The finding also corroborates the effect of continuance intention on the actual use of mobile payment.

This research provides valuable insights for formulating business strategies. The results indicate that mobile payment providers should not only consider the positive aspects of mobile payments but also the negative aspects of cash payment when encouraging the continuance usage of mobile payments to customers.

This study is among the first to empirically test the effect of unfavorable attitudes toward cash payment on the continuing use of mobile payment. Specifically, the research extends the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology by adding the push–pull-mooring model to enhance the explanatory power.

La pandemia de COVID-19 ha afectado significativamente a la forma en que los consumidores toman sus decisiones de pago. Este estudio pretende desarrollar un modelo completo que explique el uso continuado del pago por móvil por parte de los clientes durante la pandemia COVID-19, investigando tanto los factores de atracción (positivos) del pago por móvil como los factores de empuje (negativos) del pago en efectivo.

Se realizó una encuesta a 508 usuarios de pago por móvil. Se aplicó un método de muestreo por cuotas para recoger los datos. A continuación, los datos se analizaron mediante un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. En este estudio se empleó el software SPSS y LISREL.

El estudio revela que cuatro factores antecedentes: la actitud favorable hacia el pago por móvil, la influencia social, las condiciones facilitadoras y la actitud desfavorable hacia el pago en efectivo; afectan positivamente a la intención de permanencia en el uso del pago por móvil durante la pandemia COVID-19. El hallazgo también corrobora el efecto de la intención de permanencia en el uso real del pago por móvil.

Esta investigación aporta valiosas ideas para la formulación de estrategias comerciales. Los resultados indican que los proveedores de pagos por móvil no sólo deben tener en cuenta los aspectos positivos de los pagos por móvil, sino también los aspectos negativos del pago en efectivo a la hora de fomentar el uso continuado de los pagos por móvil entre los clientes.

Este estudio es uno de los primeros en comprobar empíricamente el efecto de las actitudes desfavorables hacia el pago en efectivo en el uso continuado del pago por móvil. En concreto, la investigación amplía la teoría unificada de la aceptación y el uso de la tecnología (UTAUT) añadiendo el modelo push-pull-mooring (PPM) para mejorar el poder explicativo.

COVID-19疫情对消费者的支付方式产生了重大影响。本研究旨在通过研究移动支付的拉动（积极）因素和现金支付的推动（消极）因素, 建立一个综合模型来解释客户在COVID-19疫情期间持续使用移动支付的情况。

本研究采用配额抽样方法, 对508位移动支付用户进行了调查。然后通过SPSS和LISREL软件, 运用结构方程模型对数据进行了分析。

研究结果揭示了四个前因因素对COVID-19疫情期间持续使用移动支付的意愿有积极影响, 这四个因素分别是：对移动支付的有利态度、社会影响、便利条件和对现金支付的不利态度; 这一发现也证实了持续使用意愿对移动支付实际使用的影响。

这项研究为制定商业战略提供了宝贵的见解。结果表明, 移动支付供应商在鼓励客户持续使用移动支付时, 不仅要考虑移动支付的积极方面, 还要考虑现金支付的消极方面。

本研究首次通过实证检验了消费者对现金支付的不利态度对移动支付持续使用的影响。具体而言, 本研究通过加入推拉式模型（PPM）扩展了技术接受和使用的统一理论（UTAUT）, 从而增强了该理论的解释力。

This study aims to identify the relationship between individual differences of customers and their intention to use Near Field Communication (NFC)-based mobile payment (MP) technology in restaurants.

Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) was used to collect the data of this study. A brief demonstration video of a NFC-MP system on how to use the technology was included at the beginning of the survey to make sure that all respondents had a sufficient understanding of the technology. A total of 410 valid online questionnaires were collected. ANOVA with Dunnett’s C post hoc analysis was used to compare the groups’ mean differences of gender, age, prior experience, income and education.

The findings indicated that there are significant differences in customers’ intention to use NFC technology in restaurants for past experience, age and gender. However, unlike previous studies’ statements, education and income did not play a significant role in restaurant customers’ NFC MP adoption behavioral intention.

This study investigated the restaurant customers’ NFC “intention to use” and did not observe the restaurant consumers’ actual behavior. A longitudinal study measuring actual behavior would be more beneficial to support the result of this study. Likewise, this study did not include the potential differences that might exist between various restaurant segments and ownerships (e.g. franchise vs chain or fast food vs fine dining). Accordingly, future studies should take this factor into account and replicate the study to detect any potential differences in restaurant customers’ behavioral intention.

Segmenting the market according to customers’ demographics could be a competitive advantage for the company. Based on the findings of this study, technology vendors and restaurant operators can define and design more effective strategies that are compatible with various market segments to increase the adoption of NFC-MP technology.

Food and travel experts believe that mobile payment will soon become the preferred method of payment in near future. Moreover, many restaurants in the USA are currently utilizing NFC-based MP systems because of its benefits. However, recent market research shows that NFC-based MP is still not popular among restaurant customers, as its rate of adoption is low. As little research has been conducted on MP in general and on consumers’ NFC-based MP adoption behavior in particular, a better understanding of individual differences influencing the adoption of mobile payments should be acquired.

近场通讯（NFC）技术在餐饮业中的应用逐渐流行。然而, 消费者对于这种技术的使用率却仍然很低。本论文研究个体区别对餐饮业中NFC移动技术使用的影响。

本论文通过亚马逊Mturk收集数据。问卷开始, 先播放有关NFC移动支付系统的使用短视频, 以使受访者对该技术有足够的了解。样本数量共为410份在线问卷。本论文使用Dunnett’s C post hoc ANOVA分析方法来对比个体区别, 包括性别、年龄、之前经历、收入、和学历。

本论文研究表明, 消费者的过去经历、年龄、和性别, 对消费者在餐馆使用NFC技术有显著影响。然而, 与之前文献结论相悖, 本论文未发现学历和收入对消费者在餐馆中使用NFC移动支付行为有显著影响。

本论文研究了餐馆顾客对NFC技术的使用倾向, 而并未观察到餐馆顾客的真实使用行为。长期研究衡量实际使用行为将对本论文结果有很好的支持作用。相同的, 本论文并没有研究对不同餐饮形态和经营权的潜在差异做区分（比如, 专营制vs 连锁制 或者快餐类 vs高档餐厅）。因此, 未来研究可以参考这些因素, 重复本研究设计, 以发掘餐馆顾客在行为意向中的潜在区别因素。

根据消费者人口统计指数来实行细分市场战略可以成为企业增加竞争力的一种方式。本研究表明, 科技提供商和餐馆经营者应该定义和制定更有效的战略, 使得其满足不同的细分市场需求, 增加NFC移动支付技术的使用。

餐饮和旅游专业认为, 移动支付将很快成为消费者倾向使用的支付方式。此外, 美国很多餐馆看到其有利, 正在使用NFC移动支付系统。然而, 近期营销研究显示, NFC移动支付的使用率还是很低, 并没有得到餐馆顾客的青睐。既然总体上很少研究对移动支付进行了研究, 尤其是NFC基础的移动支付技术, 那么针对个人特色对移动支付的使用的研究显得必要。

近场通讯（NFC）、移动支付、餐馆、技术使用、消费者行为

文献综述

This study aims to investigate the key determinants predicting users’ behavioural intention (BI) in adopting mobile payment (m-payment) in the new normal era.

The mobile technology acceptance model (MTAM) was extended through attitudes, perceived trust, perceived risk and personal innovativeness (PI) with government support (GS) functioning as a moderator. A total of 245 valid responses were gathered from Malaysian m-payment users with purposive sampling and subsequently evaluated through partial least square-structural equation modelling.

Mobile usefulness and PI significantly predicted user BI to use m-payment. Based on the moderation analysis, GS strengthened attitude-based impacts on BI towards m-payment adoption.

The empirical outcomes provide stakeholders with pivotal implications to develop holistic policies and strategies that potentially catalyse m-payment usage in the new normal era.

This research expands the current body of knowledge by assessing the factors impacting m-payment usage intention in the new normal era. The four aforementioned MTAM elements and GS (moderator) were recommended to boost model workability and offer novel evidence from a distinct viewpoint.

El objetivo de este estudio es investigar los determinantes clave que predicen la intención de comportamiento de los usuarios a la hora de adoptar el pago por móvil (m-payment) en la nueva era normal.

El modelo de aceptación de la tecnología móvil (MTAM) se amplió a través de las actitudes, la confianza percibida, el riesgo percibido y la capacidad de innovación personal, con el apoyo gubernamental como moderador. Se recogió un total de 245 respuestas válidas de usuarios malasios de pago por móvil mediante muestreo intencionado y se evaluó posteriormente mediante modelización de ecuaciones estructurales por mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM).

La utilidad del móvil y la capacidad de innovación personal predijeron significativamente la intención de los usuarios de utilizar el pago por móvil. Según el análisis de moderación, el apoyo gubernamental reforzó los efectos basados en la actitud sobre la intención conductual de adoptar el pago por móvil.

Los resultados empíricos proporcionan a las partes interesadas implicaciones fundamentales para desarrollar políticas y estrategias holísticas que catalicen potencialmente el uso del pago móvil en la nueva era de la normalidad.

Esta investigación amplía el corpus actual de conocimientos al evaluar los factores que influyen en la intención de uso del pago por móvil en la nueva era normal. Se recomiendan los cuatro elementos MTAM mencionados y el apoyo gubernamental (moderador) para impulsar la viabilidad del modelo y ofrecer pruebas novedosas desde un punto de vista distinto.

本研究旨在探讨新常态时代用户使用移动支付（m-payment）行为意向的主要决定因素。

通过态度、感知信任、感知风险和个人创新能力, 并以政府支持作为调节因素, 对移动技术接受模型（MTAM）进行了扩展。通过有目的的抽样, 从马来西亚移动支付用户中收集了 245 份有效回复, 随后通过偏最小二乘法结构方程模型（PLS-SEM）进行了评估。

移动实用性和个人创新性可显著预测用户使用移动支付的行为意向。根据调节分析, 政府支持加强了态度对采用移动支付的行为意向的影响。

实证研究的结果为利益相关者提供了重要的启示, 有助于他们制定全面的政策和战略, 在新常态时代促进移动支付的使用。

本研究通过评估新常态时代影响移动支付使用意向的因素, 拓展了现有的知识体系。研究推荐了上述四个 MTAM 要素和政府支持（调节器）, 以提高模型的可操作性, 并从一个独特的视角提供了新的证据。

What distinguishes digital transformation from other traditional IT transformations is its involvement of the entire organization, rather than merely the IT department. Thus, instead of taking a perspective that is confined to the IT department, this paper studies the ambidextrous nature of digital transformation (DT) from the standpoint of the whole firm. The authors define DT ambidexterity as the capability to utilize digital technology to simultaneously improve the efficiency of existing businesses (DT exploitation) and to promote business growth (DT exploration).

Using annual reports of Chinese firms as a mining material, this paper deploys text mining and word frequency analysis to develop a data set of digital transformation to construct DT exploitation, DT exploration and DT ambidexterity, so that the authors can examine and compare their impact on business performance.

This study's statistics show that observations in this research sample mainly manifest DT ambidexterity and DT exploitation, while DT exploration makes up the smallest proportion. The authors find that DT exploitation, DT exploration, and DT ambidexterity have positive, yet heterogeneous effects on business performance.

This study expands the existing literature of IT-related ambidexterity by examining the ambidextrous nature of DT from the angle of company-wide strategy instead of the perspective from IT-department and expands the extant literature of digital transformation by examining the heterogeneous effects of its different components on business performance. The authors also add to the digital strategizing literature by showing that different business strategy goals can be attained through different stages of DT.

This study expands the existing literature of IT-related ambidexterity by examining the ambidexterity nature of DT from the angle of company-wide strategy instead of the perspective from IT department and expands the extant literature of digital transformation by examining the heterogeneous effects of its different components on business performance. The authors also add to the digital strategizing literature by showing that different business strategy goals can be attained through different stages of DT.