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Online travel agencies (OTAs) have been offering tourists trip planning services (TPS) for more than a decade. However, they are less popular than other online travel services such as metasearch with price comparison. This study aims to investigate why TPS on the internet, although important to tourists, are not well accepted by young mainland Chinese tourists.

A trip planning service acceptance model (TPSAM) was constructed and tested by inviting participants to take part in a trial using the TPS of a China OTA and then participants were asked to complete a questionnaire based on their user experience. Partial least square technique was used to perform a path analysis on the model.

Social influence and effort expectancy have significant direct influence on reuse intention. Social influence increases the trust level of the tourists on the TPS and effort expectancy’s strong influence on joy suggest that a joyful and effortless experience is critical for tourists to consider reusing the TPS.

The findings could provide some insight to the OTAs on improving their TPS. For instance, OTAs should let tourists feel that the TPS requires little effort and is fun to use and more promotion is needed through social media.

Although trip planning is essential for tourists in achieving a delightful travel experience, few studies have examined the adoption of Web-based TPS. This study contributes to the literature by establishing a TPSAM and extends previous work by showing that a causal relationship exists between social influence and trust in the service acceptance context.

线上旅游代理（OTA）已经十多年为游客提供旅游计划服务（TPS）。然而, OTA比其他在线旅游服务相较则受欢迎程度下降, 比如价格比对的元搜索服务。本论文旨在研究网络TPS, 即便对游客重要, 但是为什么不受中国大陆年轻游客的欢迎。

本论文通过邀请受访者参与中国OTA提供的旅游计划服务试点样品, 并完成针对他们的用户体验的问卷, 来开发和测验这个旅游计划服务接受模型（TPSAM）。本论文采用PLS分析法来测验模型。

社会影响和努力预期对再使用意图起到直接影响。社会影响增强了游客对TPS的信任度, 努力预期对愉悦感有强烈影响, 这预示着对于游客而言, 一个愉悦的且不太费劲的体验对于再次使用TPS起到关键作用。

本论文研究结果对于OTA增强其TPS起到启示作用。比如, OTA应该让游客感受TPS不需要费很多力气来学习使用并且使用过程很有趣, 此外, 通过社交媒体来增强更多宣传是有必要的。

尽管旅游计划对游客而言获得愉快旅游体验是必要的, 然而, 很少文章研究线上TPS使用现象。本论文建立了TPSAM, 对理论做出贡献, 并且本论文对之前的文献做出扩展, 验证了服务接受背景下社会影响和信任之间的直接联系。

It is important to design accessible destinations for disabled tourists. However, to attract this market segment, it is also important to efficiently communicate online the accessibility provided. This paper aims to analyse the online communication of physical accessibility conditions designed for disabled tourists, to discuss the existence or non-existence of a design–communication gap in tourist destinations.

The authors analysed the physical accessibility of a selection of touristic spots in Porto, Portugal. The online communication regarding the physical accessibility of these spots’ informative websites was also analysed. Subsequently, a content analysis of these same websites was conducted to ascertain whether accessibility conditions for disabled tourists are disclosed in line with the physical and online facilities observed.

The destination websites’ online contents targeting disabled tourists are generic and do not inform about all the accessible facilities provided by the touristic spots analysed.

The authors found a gap between the accessible destination design and its communication in destination websites. This situation creates a barrier for people with physical disabilities and it is particularly concerning, considering that this market segment seeks for information in online sources to plan trips and does not find on the internet all the information about the accessible facilities provided. This fact may hinder the positioning of destinations as inclusive places and impair accessible tourism competitiveness. A better online communication of the accessible destination design is recommended.

为残疾游客设计出无障碍旅游地是非常重要的。然而, 为了吸引这部分游客市场, 有效地在线宣传提供的无障碍条件也是非常重要的。本论文分析为残疾游客提供的无障碍设施的在线宣传, 以讨论旅游地是否存在设计-宣传差异。

本论文分析了葡萄牙波尔图城市游客景点的无障碍设施。本论文还分析了这些景点网站对于无障碍设施的描述。本论文采用文本分析方法, 对这些网站内容进行分析, 验证是否为残疾游客提供的无障碍设施如网上宣传介绍一直。

研究结果表明, 景点网站针对残疾游客的内容太过笼统, 并没有介绍景区提供的全部无障碍设施。

本论文展示了无障碍旅游地设计与其网站宣传之间的差异。这将对残疾人造成障碍, 尤其是那些通过在线信息来确立旅游计划的游客, 他们无法在网络上找到全部关于提供的无障碍设施的信息。这将阻碍景点定位为全包容性旅游目的地, 影响其无障碍旅游竞争力。本论文推荐无障碍景点设计应该有一个更好的在线宣传。

Travelers are increasingly planning trips using smart travel planning apps to manage travel-related activities. They obtain their preferred tour itineraries with the use of these apps and subsequently choose their tour destinations. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of smart tour itineraries on travelers and explain what drives the continual use of them.

Drawing on the unified theory of acceptance and the use of technology model and experiential consumption (UTAUT), the authors conducted this study in Malaysia with a sample of 307 travelers who are familiar with the use of mobile apps.

The results confirmed that all the UTAUT dimensions except the facilitating condition are significantly related to the intention to use the itinerary. Both the hedonic and utilitarian values in personal consumption significantly motivate the travelers in the behavioral intention to use the itinerary.

This paper offers a good explanation of how the itinerary plans can be used by examining the theories behind the current app’s usage. Many researchers have examined the adoption of the smart travel apps, which has rarely been tied to the antecedents that drive how the travelers use itineraries that are designed by the smart travel apps. This study contributes to the research regarding using the mobile travel apps by developing an integrative model to explain the traveler intentions to use smart travel itineraries.

游客越来越多地使用智慧旅游计划App来管理他们的旅游相关活动。他们通过这样的App获得行程从而选择他们旅游目的地。因此, 本论文旨在研究智慧旅游行程对游客的影响, 并探究哪些因素驱使他们继续使用智慧旅游行程。

本论文采用UTAUT模型, 在马拉西亚取样, 共搜集到307位熟悉移动App的游客数据。

研究论文结果肯定了UTAUT各项因素除了辅助条件, 其他因素都显著与使用智慧行程息息相关。享乐型价值和实用型价值都对游客个人使用行为有着显著效果。

本论文通过检验App使用理论解释了行程计划如何被使用。许多研究学者已经检验了智慧旅游App的使用, 但是很少真正与游客如何使用App生成行程的驱动因素相结合。本论文对理论有贡献, 通过开发整合模型以解释游客使用智慧旅游行程的行为。

The purpose of this study is to unearth the factors that influence tourists’ revisit intention. The proposed model of the study is grounded on using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and extending it with additional variables, i.e. satisfaction, destination image, perceived risk, service quality and perceived value.

This study adopted a cross-sectional approach to collect data. The data were collected by conducting a field survey questionnaire on 330 respondents and were analysed using partial least squares version 3.2.9.

The results show that perceived behavioural control, perceived value, destination image and satisfaction significantly affect visitors’ revisit intention. The influence of perceived value, perceived service quality and destination image on satisfaction is also confirmed. On the other hand, satisfaction is found to be a significant mediator between perceived service quality, destination image and perceived value.

The extended TPB model that includes perceived service quality, perceived value, perceived risk and satisfaction provided a model with a theoretical basis to explain tourist revisit intentions to a tourist destination.

El objetivo principal del estudio es descubrir los factores que influyen en la intención de revisita de los turistas. El modelo propuesto para el estudio se basa en el uso de la teoría del comportamiento planificado y se amplía con variables como la satisfacción, la imagen del destino, el riesgo percibido, la calidad del servicio y el valor percibido.

Este estudio adoptó un enfoque transversal para la recogida de datos. Los datos se recopilaron mediante un cuestionario de campo en el que participaron 330 encuestados. Los datos se analizaron utilizando la versión 3.2.9 de PLS.

Los resultados muestran que el control conductual percibido, el valor percibido, la imagen del destino y la satisfacción afectan significativamente a la intención de revisita. También se confirma la influencia del valor percibido, la calidad de servicio percibida y la imagen del destino sobre la satisfacción. Por otra parte, la satisfacción resulta ser un mediador significativo entre la calidad de servicio percibida, la imagen del destino y el valor percibido.

El modelo TPB ampliado que incluye la calidad de servicio percibida, el valor percibido, el riesgo percibido y la satisfacción proporcionó un modelo con una base teórica para explicar las intenciones de revisita de los turistas a un destino turístico.

本研究的目的是揭示影响游客重访意向的因素。本研究提出的模型以计划行为理论（TPB）为基础, 并以额外的变量（即满意度、目的地形象、感知风险、服务质量和感知价值）进行扩展。

本研究采用了横断面的方法来收集数据。通过对330名受访者进行实地调查问卷来收集数据, 并使用偏最小二乘法3.2.9版进行分析。

结果显示, 感知行为控制、感知价值、目的地形象和满意度对游客的再访意向有显著影响。感知价值、感知服务质量和目的地形象对满意度的影响也被证实。另一方面, 满意度被发现是感知服务质量、目的地形象和感知价值之间的一个重要中介因素。

包括感知服务质量、感知价值、感知风险和满意度在内的扩展TPB模型为解释游客对旅游目的地的再访意向提供了理论基础。

关键词: 满意度; 旅游; 计划行为理论; PLS-SEM; 目的地形象

This paper aims to find a way to personalize attraction recommendations for travelers. The research objective is to find a more accurate way to suggest new attractions to each traveler based on the opinions of other like-minded travelers and the traveler’s preferences.

To achieve the goal, developers have created a personalized system to generate attraction recommendations. The system considers an individual traveler’s preferences to construct a qualitative attraction ranking model. The new ranking model is the result of blending two processes: K-means clustering and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP).

The performance of the developed recommendation system has been assessed by measuring the accuracy and scalability of the ranking model of the system. The experimental results indicate that the ranking model always returns accurate results independent of the number of attractions and the number of travelers in each cluster. The ranking model has also proved to be scalable because the processing time is independent of the numbers of travelers. Additionally, the results reveal that the overall system usability is at a very satisfactory level.

The main theoretical implication is that integrating the processes of K-means and AHP techniques enables a new qualitative ranking model for personalized recommendations that deliver only high-quality attractions. However, the designed recommendation system has some limitations. First, it is necessary to manually update information about the new tourist attractions. Second, the overall response time depends on the internet bandwidth and latency.

This research contributes to the tourism business and individual travelers by introducing an accurate and scalable way to suggest new attractions to each traveler. The potential benefit includes possible increased revenue for travel agencies that offer personalized package tours and support individual travelers to make the final travel decisions. The designed system could also integrate with itinerary planning systems to plot out a journey that pinpoints what travelers will most enjoy.

This research proposes a design and implementation of a personalized recommendation system based on the qualitative attraction ranking model introduced in this article. The novel ranking model is designed and developed by integrating K-means and AHP techniques, which has proved to be accurate and scalable.

本研究主要探索如何建立个性化旅游胜地推荐模型。本研究通过分析旅游兴趣相似的游客意见和游客偏好选择, 建立一种更加准确推荐游客需要的旅游胜地方法。

为了达到研究目的, 本研究建立了一种个性化推荐旅游胜地的信息系统。其系统通过分析每个游客的旅游偏好来建设一种定性旅游胜地排名模型。这种新型模型主要通过结合以下两种分析算法：（1）K平均聚类算法（K-means clustering）（2）层次分析法（AHP）。

本研究建立的推荐信息系统经过了准确率和拓展性的测评。实验结果表明这种排名模型的准确率并不受旅游胜地多少和游客样本大小的影响。此外, 这种排名模型也具有拓展性, 因为算法时间并不受游客样本大小的影响。最后, 研究实验表明此排名模型客户体验性达到合格满意要求。

本研究的主要理论意义在于其结合了K平均聚类算法和层次分析法, 并建立了一种新型定性排名模型, 这种排名模型个性化地推荐更高质量的旅游胜地给游客。然而, 这种推荐信息系统有一些局限性。第一, 新旅游胜地的信息需要手动输入。第二, 整个系统的处理时间决定于网络带宽和延迟状况。

本研究的实践意义在于其建立了一种准确和具有拓展性的新型旅游胜地推荐模型。这种模型的潜在价值将有利于旅游机构提供定制化旅游套餐和帮助游客制定旅游计划。此外, 这种模型还可以结合旅游路线计划系统以制定更加使游客满意的旅游行程。

本研究推荐了一种基于定性旅游胜地排名模型的个性化旅游推荐模型。这种新型的排名模型结合K平均聚类算法和层次分析法, 实验证明这种模型更具准确性和拓展性。