International Journal of Human Rights in HealthcareTable of Contents for International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare. List of articles from the current issue, including Just Accepted (EarlyCite)https://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/2056-4902/vol/17/iss/1?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestInternational Journal of Human Rights in HealthcareEmerald Publishing LimitedInternational Journal of Human Rights in HealthcareInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcarehttps://www.emerald.com/insight/proxy/containerImg?link=/resource/publication/journal/b2a20d2512cead363916633127ba6cd0/urn:emeraldgroup.com:asset:id:binary:ijhrh.cover.jpghttps://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/2056-4902/vol/17/iss/1?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestMeasuring the knowledge and attitudes of physicians towards patients with HIV/AIDS: study of Anatolian grouphttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-10-2020-0093/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to determine the knowledge and attitudes of the physicians regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), to emphasize that these patients exist and they will exist in the future and to raise awareness so as to prevent that their rights to treatment are revoked. The survey was conducted via a link sent through an online system. Random physicians from 81 cities of the country were invited to the survey. The survey has 41 questions regarding knowledge and attitudes in total, including epidemiological information such as age, gender and title. A total of 3,107 physicians has voluntarily participated in the study. In total, 2,195 (70.7%) are internal physicians and 912 (29.3%) are surgical physicians among the participant physicians. In total, 1,452 (46.7%) of the participants are specialist physicians, 608 (19.6%) of the participants are practising physician and the rest of it is physician assistants, academicians and dentists, respectively. In this study, it has been found out that the physicians have a lack of knowledge on HIV/AIDS and they adopt a discriminatory attitude towards HIV-positive persons. HIV-positive patients who are exposed to discrimination and scared of being uncovered refrain from applying to hospitals for treatment, which puts public health into jeopardy due to the high viral load and these patients are faced with difficulties in coping with both medical and emotional load of the disease.Measuring the knowledge and attitudes of physicians towards patients with HIV/AIDS: study of Anatolian group
Safak Kaya, Esref Arac, Fethiye Akgul, Senol Comoglu, Sehmuz Kaya, Songul Araç, Yesim Yildiz, Seyit Ali Buyuktuna, Bircan Kayaaslan, Emine Parlak, Birol Baysal, Faruk Karakecili, Elif Zelal Balik, Ali Akkoç, Kevser Ozdemir, Seyhmus Kavak, Suat Ali Dogan, Emrah Günay, Semsi Nur Karabela, Mehmet Cabalak, Yasemin Cag, Veli Avci, Yasemin Durdu, Zehra Kaya, Damla Kilic, Halis Yerlikaya, Hüseyin Tarakçı, Osman Mentes, Ayse Sağmak Tartar, Adem Kose, Omer Faruk Alakus, Ulas Aktas, Halil Komek, Selcuk Aksoz
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp.1-16

This paper aims to determine the knowledge and attitudes of the physicians regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), to emphasize that these patients exist and they will exist in the future and to raise awareness so as to prevent that their rights to treatment are revoked.

The survey was conducted via a link sent through an online system. Random physicians from 81 cities of the country were invited to the survey. The survey has 41 questions regarding knowledge and attitudes in total, including epidemiological information such as age, gender and title.

A total of 3,107 physicians has voluntarily participated in the study. In total, 2,195 (70.7%) are internal physicians and 912 (29.3%) are surgical physicians among the participant physicians. In total, 1,452 (46.7%) of the participants are specialist physicians, 608 (19.6%) of the participants are practising physician and the rest of it is physician assistants, academicians and dentists, respectively.

In this study, it has been found out that the physicians have a lack of knowledge on HIV/AIDS and they adopt a discriminatory attitude towards HIV-positive persons. HIV-positive patients who are exposed to discrimination and scared of being uncovered refrain from applying to hospitals for treatment, which puts public health into jeopardy due to the high viral load and these patients are faced with difficulties in coping with both medical and emotional load of the disease.

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Measuring the knowledge and attitudes of physicians towards patients with HIV/AIDS: study of Anatolian group10.1108/IJHRH-10-2020-0093International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2021-05-06© 2021 Emerald Publishing LimitedSafak KayaEsref AracFethiye AkgulSenol ComogluSehmuz KayaSongul AraçYesim YildizSeyit Ali BuyuktunaBircan KayaaslanEmine ParlakBirol BaysalFaruk KarakeciliElif Zelal BalikAli AkkoçKevser OzdemirSeyhmus KavakSuat Ali DoganEmrah GünaySemsi Nur KarabelaMehmet CabalakYasemin CagVeli AvciYasemin DurduZehra KayaDamla KilicHalis YerlikayaHüseyin TarakçıOsman MentesAyse Sağmak TartarAdem KoseOmer Faruk AlakusUlas AktasHalil KomekSelcuk AksozInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare1712021-05-0610.1108/IJHRH-10-2020-0093https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-10-2020-0093/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited
Gender inequalities in perceived stress and the factors affecting it in infertile couples in Iranian society: a case in one of the provinces of Iranhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-11-2020-0104/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe aim of this study is to investigate the gender inequalities in perceived stress and the influencing factors in infertile couples in Iranian society. This cross-sectional study was conducted on infertile couples who were referring to Kurdistan Infertility Diagnosis and Treatment Medical Center in 2019. Demographic and clinical information questionnaire, Newton's Infertility perceived stress questionnaire, Rosenberg's standard self-confidence questionnaire and the multidimensional scale of social support were used. Multiple linear logistic models were also used. A total of 560 couples (1,120 people) participated in the study. The average perceived infertility-related stress, self-esteem scores and social support and social-emotional loneliness were 173.95 ± 41.87, 13.99 ± 2.29 and 27.81 ± 7.33, respectively, which were significantly different scores across infertility cause and sex (P < 0.05). Males compared to females had lower perceived infertility-related stress (169.93 ± 42.51 vs 177.97 ± 40.86, P = 0.001) and self-esteem scores (14.33 ± 2.29 vs 13.66 ± 2.24, P < 0.001) and social support and social-emotional loneliness (32.92 ± 9.31 vs 30.94 ± 9.04, P < 0.001). The partners who reported themselves as infertile, compared significantly higher in perceived infertility-related stress than those who reported their spouse being infertile (194.24 ± 35.33 vs 141.90 ± 39.28), lower self-esteem scores (12.77 ± 2.21 vs 13.94 ± 1.56) and social support and social-emotional loneliness score (27.81 ± 7.33 vs 30.11 ± 7.70). Also, after taking potential confounders into account with increase in each score of self-esteem, 12.19 units of stress decreases (P < 0.001, 95% CI: 11.40–12.99) and with increase in each score of social support and social-emotional loneliness, 3.45 units of stress decreases (P < 0.001, 95% CI: 3.28–3.63). There is perceived stress among infertile couples, and this rate is higher among infertile people and women. Therefore, it seems that specific intervention programs for infertile couples should be implemented based on the results of this study, and their stress levels in a way that self-esteem and support for both partners be increased and the perceived stress among women and infertile individuals be decreased.Gender inequalities in perceived stress and the factors affecting it in infertile couples in Iranian society: a case in one of the provinces of Iran
Sima Mirzaei Moghadam, Hassan Mahmoodi, Farzaneh Zaheri, Azad Shokri
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp.1-11

The aim of this study is to investigate the gender inequalities in perceived stress and the influencing factors in infertile couples in Iranian society.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on infertile couples who were referring to Kurdistan Infertility Diagnosis and Treatment Medical Center in 2019. Demographic and clinical information questionnaire, Newton's Infertility perceived stress questionnaire, Rosenberg's standard self-confidence questionnaire and the multidimensional scale of social support were used. Multiple linear logistic models were also used.

A total of 560 couples (1,120 people) participated in the study. The average perceived infertility-related stress, self-esteem scores and social support and social-emotional loneliness were 173.95 ± 41.87, 13.99 ± 2.29 and 27.81 ± 7.33, respectively, which were significantly different scores across infertility cause and sex (P < 0.05). Males compared to females had lower perceived infertility-related stress (169.93 ± 42.51 vs 177.97 ± 40.86, P = 0.001) and self-esteem scores (14.33 ± 2.29 vs 13.66 ± 2.24, P < 0.001) and social support and social-emotional loneliness (32.92 ± 9.31 vs 30.94 ± 9.04, P < 0.001). The partners who reported themselves as infertile, compared significantly higher in perceived infertility-related stress than those who reported their spouse being infertile (194.24 ± 35.33 vs 141.90 ± 39.28), lower self-esteem scores (12.77 ± 2.21 vs 13.94 ± 1.56) and social support and social-emotional loneliness score (27.81 ± 7.33 vs 30.11 ± 7.70). Also, after taking potential confounders into account with increase in each score of self-esteem, 12.19 units of stress decreases (P < 0.001, 95% CI: 11.40–12.99) and with increase in each score of social support and social-emotional loneliness, 3.45 units of stress decreases (P < 0.001, 95% CI: 3.28–3.63).

There is perceived stress among infertile couples, and this rate is higher among infertile people and women. Therefore, it seems that specific intervention programs for infertile couples should be implemented based on the results of this study, and their stress levels in a way that self-esteem and support for both partners be increased and the perceived stress among women and infertile individuals be decreased.

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Gender inequalities in perceived stress and the factors affecting it in infertile couples in Iranian society: a case in one of the provinces of Iran10.1108/IJHRH-11-2020-0104International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2021-05-28© 2021 Emerald Publishing LimitedSima Mirzaei MoghadamHassan MahmoodiFarzaneh ZaheriAzad ShokriInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare1712021-05-2810.1108/IJHRH-11-2020-0104https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-11-2020-0104/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited
The nursing community’s discriminatory attitude towards LGBTQ individualshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-11-2019-0087/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestEquality is a basic human right. However, LGBTQ individuals often have their human rights violated because of their gender identity or sexual orientation. They also experience discrimination because of homophobic and transphobic attitudes. They frequently deal with derisive attitudes at school, are discriminated against in the workplace and struggle to access health services. This paper aims to determine the discriminatory attitudes of nurses in their social and professional lives toward LGBTQ individuals. This study involved 503 nurses and used a questionnaire to examine their views regarding members of the LGBTQ community. The questionnaire consisted of 24 questions. Ten experts from the fields of social psychology, sociology, and nursing provided the necessary inputs, which were subsequently incorporated into the questionnaire. The nurses were found to have a negative attitude toward LGBTQ individuals; they felt that they should not be allowed to live in comfort in Turkey and that they disrupted the social order and compromised public morality. It was observed that married (in general), male (in particular), and have fewer nursing education nurses are much more likely to have a discriminatory attitude toward LGBTQ people, and they were more discriminatory in their society rather than in their professional lives. According to the principles of justice and equality, which are a prominent part of the nursing code of ethics – “With the awareness that all people have equal rights, the nurse serves regardless of race, language, religion, age, gender, belief, social and economic status and political opinion” – nurses should not have a discriminatory attitude. This study reveals the inequality and the ethical problems that riddle Turkey’s health sector.The nursing community’s discriminatory attitude towards LGBTQ individuals
Manar Aslan, Eylem Paslı Gürdoğan
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp.12-25

Equality is a basic human right. However, LGBTQ individuals often have their human rights violated because of their gender identity or sexual orientation. They also experience discrimination because of homophobic and transphobic attitudes. They frequently deal with derisive attitudes at school, are discriminated against in the workplace and struggle to access health services. This paper aims to determine the discriminatory attitudes of nurses in their social and professional lives toward LGBTQ individuals.

This study involved 503 nurses and used a questionnaire to examine their views regarding members of the LGBTQ community. The questionnaire consisted of 24 questions. Ten experts from the fields of social psychology, sociology, and nursing provided the necessary inputs, which were subsequently incorporated into the questionnaire.

The nurses were found to have a negative attitude toward LGBTQ individuals; they felt that they should not be allowed to live in comfort in Turkey and that they disrupted the social order and compromised public morality. It was observed that married (in general), male (in particular), and have fewer nursing education nurses are much more likely to have a discriminatory attitude toward LGBTQ people, and they were more discriminatory in their society rather than in their professional lives.

According to the principles of justice and equality, which are a prominent part of the nursing code of ethics – “With the awareness that all people have equal rights, the nurse serves regardless of race, language, religion, age, gender, belief, social and economic status and political opinion” – nurses should not have a discriminatory attitude. This study reveals the inequality and the ethical problems that riddle Turkey’s health sector.

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The nursing community’s discriminatory attitude towards LGBTQ individuals10.1108/IJHRH-11-2019-0087International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2021-05-12© 2021 Emerald Publishing LimitedManar AslanEylem Paslı GürdoğanInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare1712021-05-1210.1108/IJHRH-11-2019-0087https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-11-2019-0087/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited
Health-related needs and barriers in transgender populations: a systematic review studyhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-04-2020-0026/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestIdentifying the health-related needs in transgender (TG) people can help to formulate strategies for providing appropriate and accessible health services and promoting health and social justice, as well as human rights in these populations. This systematic review aims to determine health-related needs, problems and barriers, as well as ways to solve them in TG people from the viewpoint of TG individuals and health policymakers. All international electronic databases such as PubMed (Medline), Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Cochrane, PsycInfo and Google Scholar (Gray Literature) were searched from December 1990 to December 2019. After the search, the articles were screened based on their title, abstract and full text. The quality of articles was assessed using the Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE), Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) and Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) checklists. The search strategy, data extraction and quality evaluation of articles were independently performed by two researchers. The general health-related needs identified in TG individuals from the viewpoint of themselves included access to legal hormone therapy, psychological and psychiatric counseling, privacy, health and hygiene needs, equality and freedom of expression. General health-related needs in TG individuals from the viewpoint of health policymakers included screening tests to detect sexually transmitted diseases, especially HIV, cancers and other diseases, as well as training service providers (physicians, nurses, health workers, etc.). One of the limitations of this study was nonreporting of health-related needs in initial articles by different TG groups because these groups have had different needs and different barriers to accessing health-care services. In this study, health-related needs and barriers to satisfy them were categorized from the viewpoint of TG populations and health policymakers around the world, which may influence future decisions to provide services to TG populations. The results of this systematic review can help to develop different strategies by considering all TGs from individual, family and social aspects to better provide services for this group. However, given the dynamics and changes in the existing communities and the limited studies on gender minorities in developing countries, further research is required to comprehensively address the subject. The findings can be used as an incentive to improve existing conditions and to address problems and shortcomings. The results of this systematic review formulate strategies for providing appropriate and accessible health services and better lives for TGs, planning for more effective participation of these individuals in local communities, improving their physical problems and mental health through counseling, as well as promoting health and social justice, and human rights for these populations.Health-related needs and barriers in transgender populations: a systematic review study
Yousef Moradi, Marzieh Mahboobi, Ghobad Moradi
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp.26-55

Identifying the health-related needs in transgender (TG) people can help to formulate strategies for providing appropriate and accessible health services and promoting health and social justice, as well as human rights in these populations. This systematic review aims to determine health-related needs, problems and barriers, as well as ways to solve them in TG people from the viewpoint of TG individuals and health policymakers.

All international electronic databases such as PubMed (Medline), Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Cochrane, PsycInfo and Google Scholar (Gray Literature) were searched from December 1990 to December 2019. After the search, the articles were screened based on their title, abstract and full text. The quality of articles was assessed using the Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE), Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) and Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) checklists. The search strategy, data extraction and quality evaluation of articles were independently performed by two researchers.

The general health-related needs identified in TG individuals from the viewpoint of themselves included access to legal hormone therapy, psychological and psychiatric counseling, privacy, health and hygiene needs, equality and freedom of expression. General health-related needs in TG individuals from the viewpoint of health policymakers included screening tests to detect sexually transmitted diseases, especially HIV, cancers and other diseases, as well as training service providers (physicians, nurses, health workers, etc.).

One of the limitations of this study was nonreporting of health-related needs in initial articles by different TG groups because these groups have had different needs and different barriers to accessing health-care services. In this study, health-related needs and barriers to satisfy them were categorized from the viewpoint of TG populations and health policymakers around the world, which may influence future decisions to provide services to TG populations. The results of this systematic review can help to develop different strategies by considering all TGs from individual, family and social aspects to better provide services for this group. However, given the dynamics and changes in the existing communities and the limited studies on gender minorities in developing countries, further research is required to comprehensively address the subject.

The findings can be used as an incentive to improve existing conditions and to address problems and shortcomings. The results of this systematic review formulate strategies for providing appropriate and accessible health services and better lives for TGs, planning for more effective participation of these individuals in local communities, improving their physical problems and mental health through counseling, as well as promoting health and social justice, and human rights for these populations.

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Health-related needs and barriers in transgender populations: a systematic review study10.1108/IJHRH-04-2020-0026International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2021-09-03© 2021 Emerald Publishing LimitedYousef MoradiMarzieh MahboobiGhobad MoradiInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare1712021-09-0310.1108/IJHRH-04-2020-0026https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-04-2020-0026/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited
Decomposition of inequality determinants of stressful events in Tehran; Oaxaca–Blinder analysishttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-02-2021-0042/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestSocial determinants of stressful events (SE) play an important role in justifying the cause of inequality in the experience of SE. The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants that impact on inequality in the experience of SE. The statistical population of this study includes all residents of Tehran. The statistical sample was 5,895 people who were selected by multistage cluster method and were proportional to the population size. The research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire designed to measure SE in Tehran, which includes 11 psychological stressors. The Oaxaca–Blinder decomposing method was used to analyze data. In a total of 11 psychological SE, in 6 of those events, there was significant inequality in the experience of SE. Concentration Index (CI) of political SE is (CI = −0.27, 95% CI: −0.47, −0.07) and in favor of the rich (pro-rich). Education (OR = 1.60) in poor group and region development in poor and rich (respectively in all of the following) (OR = 0.42–0.73) are the main determinants of inequality in this stressor. CI of neighborhood underdevelopment SE is (CI = −0.47, 95% CI: 0.66, −0.28) and pro-rich. Education (OR = 1.26–1.27) and region development (OR = 1.18–2.24) are the main determinants of inequality in this stressor. CI of livelihood problems SE is (CI = −0.58, 95% CI: 0.68, −0.32) and pro-rich. Education (OR = 1.40) and health status (OR = 1.63) in poor group are the main determinants of inequality in this stressor. CI of future uncertainty SE is (CI = −0.12, 95% CI: 0.34, −0.08) and pro-rich. Gender (OR = 1.22) in poor group and region development (OR = 0.24–0.58) are the main determinants of inequality in this stressor. CI of education problems (CI = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.32) and pro-poor. Age (OR = 0.32–0.34) and education (OR = 3.65–3.30) are the main determinants of inequality in this stressor. CI of housing problems is (CI = −0.29, 95% CI: −0.49, −0.08) and pro-rich. Education (OR = 1.31) and region development (OR = 1.64) in poor group are the main determinants of inequality in this stressor. The first limitation is related to the level of data analysis, and the second limitation is the lack of comprehensive data on social determinants. Social determinants affecting the formation of inequality in the experience of SE. Some social determinants, such as the level of education and development of the region, play a more prominent role in justifying inequality in the experience of stress between rich and poor groups. Inequality in the experience of SE is a serious threat to mental and social health. One of the ways to reduce the experience of psychological and social stress is to pay attention to social determinants that play a role in the formation of stress. This original paper was conducted by examining the effect of social determinants on the formation of inequality in the experience of stress, which draws the serious attention of policymakers.Decomposition of inequality determinants of stressful events in Tehran; Oaxaca–Blinder analysis
Fateh Tavangar, Hassan Rafiey, Farhad Nosrati Nejad, Ahmad Ali Noorbala, Gholamreza Ghaedamini Harouni
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp.56-65

Social determinants of stressful events (SE) play an important role in justifying the cause of inequality in the experience of SE. The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants that impact on inequality in the experience of SE.

The statistical population of this study includes all residents of Tehran. The statistical sample was 5,895 people who were selected by multistage cluster method and were proportional to the population size. The research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire designed to measure SE in Tehran, which includes 11 psychological stressors. The Oaxaca–Blinder decomposing method was used to analyze data.

In a total of 11 psychological SE, in 6 of those events, there was significant inequality in the experience of SE. Concentration Index (CI) of political SE is (CI = −0.27, 95% CI: −0.47, −0.07) and in favor of the rich (pro-rich). Education (OR = 1.60) in poor group and region development in poor and rich (respectively in all of the following) (OR = 0.42–0.73) are the main determinants of inequality in this stressor. CI of neighborhood underdevelopment SE is (CI = −0.47, 95% CI: 0.66, −0.28) and pro-rich. Education (OR = 1.26–1.27) and region development (OR = 1.18–2.24) are the main determinants of inequality in this stressor. CI of livelihood problems SE is (CI = −0.58, 95% CI: 0.68, −0.32) and pro-rich. Education (OR = 1.40) and health status (OR = 1.63) in poor group are the main determinants of inequality in this stressor. CI of future uncertainty SE is (CI = −0.12, 95% CI: 0.34, −0.08) and pro-rich. Gender (OR = 1.22) in poor group and region development (OR = 0.24–0.58) are the main determinants of inequality in this stressor. CI of education problems (CI = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.32) and pro-poor. Age (OR = 0.32–0.34) and education (OR = 3.65–3.30) are the main determinants of inequality in this stressor. CI of housing problems is (CI = −0.29, 95% CI: −0.49, −0.08) and pro-rich. Education (OR = 1.31) and region development (OR = 1.64) in poor group are the main determinants of inequality in this stressor.

The first limitation is related to the level of data analysis, and the second limitation is the lack of comprehensive data on social determinants.

Social determinants affecting the formation of inequality in the experience of SE. Some social determinants, such as the level of education and development of the region, play a more prominent role in justifying inequality in the experience of stress between rich and poor groups.

Inequality in the experience of SE is a serious threat to mental and social health. One of the ways to reduce the experience of psychological and social stress is to pay attention to social determinants that play a role in the formation of stress.

This original paper was conducted by examining the effect of social determinants on the formation of inequality in the experience of stress, which draws the serious attention of policymakers.

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Decomposition of inequality determinants of stressful events in Tehran; Oaxaca–Blinder analysis10.1108/IJHRH-02-2021-0042International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2021-08-10© 2021 Emerald Publishing LimitedFateh TavangarHassan RafieyFarhad Nosrati NejadAhmad Ali NoorbalaGholamreza Ghaedamini HarouniInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare1712021-08-1010.1108/IJHRH-02-2021-0042https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-02-2021-0042/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited
The urgency of legal protection for medical workers in combating COVID-19 in Indonesiahttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-09-2021-0171/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper explores the reasons why Indonesia must have legal regulations to provide protection and guarantees for health workers in carrying out the profession in overcoming corona virus disease (COVID-19). This paper also explains the legal regulations as the foundation for today’s medical workers’ protection. This paper also aims at providing an ideal legal construction that safeguards the rights and obligations of health workers in overcoming COVID-19. In this paper, the author used qualitative research methods with a socio-legal approach. The data were obtained through literature study and analysis of laws and regulations through the socio-legal method. Various challenges and professional risks taken by health workers in dealing with COVID-19 derive from several factors, such as shortage of personal protective equipment, ineffective implementation of informed consent from the patients and the negative stigma spreading in the community. Moreover, the current legal regulation has not particularly modulated the protection of health workers, relying only on available articles that are actually irrelevant to be applied in the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is focused on problems faced by health workers in combating COVID-19 and law concessions to ensure their protection. The final results of this research will be useful for The House of Representatives (DPR), the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia (Kemenkes RI) and the Indonesian Medical Association (IDI) in establishing legal and regulatory construction for the protection of health workers in tackling COVID-19. This research aims at strengthening legal protections for the health workers so that their rights and obligations are well guaranteed. This paper proposes an ideal legal construction for the protection of health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is currently still not specifically and rigidly regulated, to realize a guaranteed and sustainable life for health workers.The urgency of legal protection for medical workers in combating COVID-19 in Indonesia
Sunny Ummul Firdaus
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp.66-74

This paper explores the reasons why Indonesia must have legal regulations to provide protection and guarantees for health workers in carrying out the profession in overcoming corona virus disease (COVID-19). This paper also explains the legal regulations as the foundation for today’s medical workers’ protection. This paper also aims at providing an ideal legal construction that safeguards the rights and obligations of health workers in overcoming COVID-19.

In this paper, the author used qualitative research methods with a socio-legal approach. The data were obtained through literature study and analysis of laws and regulations through the socio-legal method.

Various challenges and professional risks taken by health workers in dealing with COVID-19 derive from several factors, such as shortage of personal protective equipment, ineffective implementation of informed consent from the patients and the negative stigma spreading in the community. Moreover, the current legal regulation has not particularly modulated the protection of health workers, relying only on available articles that are actually irrelevant to be applied in the COVID-19 pandemic.

This research is focused on problems faced by health workers in combating COVID-19 and law concessions to ensure their protection.

The final results of this research will be useful for The House of Representatives (DPR), the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia (Kemenkes RI) and the Indonesian Medical Association (IDI) in establishing legal and regulatory construction for the protection of health workers in tackling COVID-19.

This research aims at strengthening legal protections for the health workers so that their rights and obligations are well guaranteed.

This paper proposes an ideal legal construction for the protection of health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is currently still not specifically and rigidly regulated, to realize a guaranteed and sustainable life for health workers.

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The urgency of legal protection for medical workers in combating COVID-19 in Indonesia10.1108/IJHRH-09-2021-0171International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2022-02-10© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedSunny Ummul FirdausInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare1712022-02-1010.1108/IJHRH-09-2021-0171https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-09-2021-0171/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
The human right to health, inclusion and essential health care packages in low income countries: “health for all” in Malawihttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-09-2021-0178/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestHealth in low-income countries has become associated with the provision of minimum guaranteed public health services though Essential Health Packages (EHPs). How far do EHPs deliver the human right to health for all? This study addresses this question through qualitative research into access to health care for vulnerable communities, using Malawi as a case study. This study shows that there are significant accountability gaps and perceptions of weak service provision in Malawi’s EHP in relation to some particularly marginalised (and stigmatised) groups that limit the right to health and the promise of “health for all”. This study extends the body of qualitative work on EHPs in general and on Malawi in particular by exploring the perceptions of key stakeholders in relation to inclusivity and the delivery of health policies to particularly vulnerable groups. To do so, this study adopted an approach based on interpretive epistemologies (Scott, 2014). This study conducted largely unstructured interviews with a range of health stakeholders, speaking to stakeholders individually, rather than through focus groups due to the potentially sensitive nature of the topic. The findings of this study are as follows: limited inclusion of civil society actors and local communities; local communities and local policymakers feel frustration with the gap between the promises of consultation in the EHP and the reality, and the difficulties of not having effective channels of communication; and exclusionary health practices for particularly vulnerable groups. There are limitations based on the qualitative methodology, and in terms of the particularly vulnerable groups – the authors studied two such groups (people with disabilities and those who identify as LBTQ) but a wider survey of vulnerable groups is needed to extend and confirm the findings. Greater attention to the health rights of vulnerable groups would improve access and services, even in the context of resource restrictions. This study suggests that a deeper engagement with human rights-based approaches would pay dividends in terms of increasing access to health in Malawi, even within the constraints of the EHP process. Furthermore, without this, there is the risk that discrimination and exclusion will become more embedded in health policies, rather than progressively minimised. Without addressing these issues, there is the risk that discrimination and exclusion will become more embedded in health policies, rather than progressively minimised. This paper makes an important contribution to the growing literatures on EHP in sub-Saharan Africa and Malawi in particular and to the importance of listening to stakeholder perceptions. It provides original data on stakeholder perspectives of the challenges associated with universalising health care in resource-constrained countries. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is one of the first papers to focus on the rights of disabled and LBTQ people in relation to EHPs.The human right to health, inclusion and essential health care packages in low income countries: “health for all” in Malawi
Jean Grugel, Sarah C. Masefield, Alan Msosa
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp.75-86

Health in low-income countries has become associated with the provision of minimum guaranteed public health services though Essential Health Packages (EHPs). How far do EHPs deliver the human right to health for all? This study addresses this question through qualitative research into access to health care for vulnerable communities, using Malawi as a case study. This study shows that there are significant accountability gaps and perceptions of weak service provision in Malawi’s EHP in relation to some particularly marginalised (and stigmatised) groups that limit the right to health and the promise of “health for all”.

This study extends the body of qualitative work on EHPs in general and on Malawi in particular by exploring the perceptions of key stakeholders in relation to inclusivity and the delivery of health policies to particularly vulnerable groups. To do so, this study adopted an approach based on interpretive epistemologies (Scott, 2014). This study conducted largely unstructured interviews with a range of health stakeholders, speaking to stakeholders individually, rather than through focus groups due to the potentially sensitive nature of the topic.

The findings of this study are as follows: limited inclusion of civil society actors and local communities; local communities and local policymakers feel frustration with the gap between the promises of consultation in the EHP and the reality, and the difficulties of not having effective channels of communication; and exclusionary health practices for particularly vulnerable groups.

There are limitations based on the qualitative methodology, and in terms of the particularly vulnerable groups – the authors studied two such groups (people with disabilities and those who identify as LBTQ) but a wider survey of vulnerable groups is needed to extend and confirm the findings.

Greater attention to the health rights of vulnerable groups would improve access and services, even in the context of resource restrictions. This study suggests that a deeper engagement with human rights-based approaches would pay dividends in terms of increasing access to health in Malawi, even within the constraints of the EHP process. Furthermore, without this, there is the risk that discrimination and exclusion will become more embedded in health policies, rather than progressively minimised.

Without addressing these issues, there is the risk that discrimination and exclusion will become more embedded in health policies, rather than progressively minimised.

This paper makes an important contribution to the growing literatures on EHP in sub-Saharan Africa and Malawi in particular and to the importance of listening to stakeholder perceptions. It provides original data on stakeholder perspectives of the challenges associated with universalising health care in resource-constrained countries. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is one of the first papers to focus on the rights of disabled and LBTQ people in relation to EHPs.

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The human right to health, inclusion and essential health care packages in low income countries: “health for all” in Malawi10.1108/IJHRH-09-2021-0178International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2022-06-24© 2022 Jean Grugel, Sarah C. Masefield and Alan Msosa.Jean GrugelSarah C. MasefieldAlan MsosaInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare1712022-06-2410.1108/IJHRH-09-2021-0178https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-09-2021-0178/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Jean Grugel, Sarah C. Masefield and Alan Msosa.http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
Mortality rate, patient length of stay and medical cost prediction in different priority levels for patient admission to an intensive care unithttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-10-2021-0192/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aimed to compare mortality rate, length of stay (LOS) and hospitalization costs at different priority levels for a patient admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) at a public tertiary hospital in Qazvin, Iran. This study also aimed to predict influencing factors on patients’ mortality, ICU LOS and hospitalization costs in different admission groups. The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study among patients who mainly suffered from internal diseases admitted to an ICU of a public hospital. This study was conducted among 127 patients admitted to ICU from July to September 2019. The authors categorized patients into four groups based on two crucial hemodynamic and respiratory status criteria. The authors used a logistic regression model to predict the likelihood of mortality in ICU admitted patients during hospitalizations for the four prioritization groups. Furthermore, the authors conducted a multivariate analysis using the “enter” method to identify risk factors for LOS. Results showed a statistically significant relationship between the priority of being admitted to ICU and hospitalization costs. The authors’ findings revealed that age, LOS and levels of consciousness had a predictability role in determining in-hospital mortality. Besides, age, gender, consciousness level of patients and type of the disease were mentioned as affecting factors of LOS. This study’s findings emphasize the necessity of categorizing patients according to specific criteria to efficiently use available resources to help health-care authorities reduce the costs and allocate the budget to different health sectors.Mortality rate, patient length of stay and medical cost prediction in different priority levels for patient admission to an intensive care unit
Fariba Hosseinpour, Mahyar Seddighi, Mohammad Amerzadeh, Sima Rafiei
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp.87-97

This study aimed to compare mortality rate, length of stay (LOS) and hospitalization costs at different priority levels for a patient admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) at a public tertiary hospital in Qazvin, Iran. This study also aimed to predict influencing factors on patients’ mortality, ICU LOS and hospitalization costs in different admission groups.

The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study among patients who mainly suffered from internal diseases admitted to an ICU of a public hospital. This study was conducted among 127 patients admitted to ICU from July to September 2019. The authors categorized patients into four groups based on two crucial hemodynamic and respiratory status criteria. The authors used a logistic regression model to predict the likelihood of mortality in ICU admitted patients during hospitalizations for the four prioritization groups. Furthermore, the authors conducted a multivariate analysis using the “enter” method to identify risk factors for LOS.

Results showed a statistically significant relationship between the priority of being admitted to ICU and hospitalization costs. The authors’ findings revealed that age, LOS and levels of consciousness had a predictability role in determining in-hospital mortality. Besides, age, gender, consciousness level of patients and type of the disease were mentioned as affecting factors of LOS.

This study’s findings emphasize the necessity of categorizing patients according to specific criteria to efficiently use available resources to help health-care authorities reduce the costs and allocate the budget to different health sectors.

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Mortality rate, patient length of stay and medical cost prediction in different priority levels for patient admission to an intensive care unit10.1108/IJHRH-10-2021-0192International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2022-08-23© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedFariba HosseinpourMahyar SeddighiMohammad AmerzadehSima RafieiInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare1712022-08-2310.1108/IJHRH-10-2021-0192https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-10-2021-0192/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Compromised well-being: implications on female geriatric abuse during the COVID-19 crisis in Indiahttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-02-2022-0008/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to reflect on how the COVID-19 pandemic has intensified the social and economic vulnerability of Indian elderly women, thereby making them prone to varied forms of abuse and denying them of the basic rights of secured existence. This study was conducted by analyzing primary data from government sources that dealt with the aging Indian population and the common predicaments that elderly women experienced during the pandemic. A qualitative interview was conducted in three old-age homes in India where the experiences of 26 elderly female residents were documented for understanding their experiences during the pandemic. The secondary data collected from different newspaper articles and online resources also enabled in perusing the difficulties that they faced both at home and the caregiving space at the critical juncture of COVID-19. Nearly 73% of the elderly population in the country has faced an incidence in different forms of abuse and exploitation during the subsequent waves of the pandemic. Disrespect and neglect were the most common type of mistreatment and around 23.1% reported physical assault. The elderly women were victimized further on socioeconomic grounds and their rights of living a secured and dignified life were significantly neglected. The basic premise of this paper operates on the ground that the family as an institution has shunned taking care of the responsibilities vis-a-vis the elderly and therefore formal institutions have been introduced to aid in the conventional caretaking responsibilities in the Indian societal structure. This situation became all the more grave during the pandemic and therefore needed much intervention. This paper follows the theoretical lens of gender theory and case study method to analyze the data. The HelpAge India report findings entail that elderly women/widows are doubly marginalized in the Indian society, and the COVID-19 pandemic has escalated the caregiver stress on manifold levels, thus exacerbating the problem. As most of the female senior citizens are economically dependent on their children and relatives, financial exploitation became one of the important premise that deprived them of a healthy living both at home and elderly caregiving institution. Despite the prevalence of certain elderly assistance schemes in the country, the older women’s needs and well-being got heavily impacted and their voice gets hardly recognized in the wider spectrum of sociopolitical events. To extend the requisite help and assistance to this socially vulnerable section, the government on September, 2021, launched a pan-India, toll-free helpline number “Elder Line” to provide relevant information on elderly legal and medical aid and guidance on procuring pension. According to the secondary findings, a significant percentage of elderly women have been susceptible to physical and emotional abuse and factors such as widowhood, economic dependency, physical infirmity, cognitive impairment along with other stressors have aggravated their exposure to ill-treatment during the pandemic span. Thus, to recognize and mitigate the existing problems affecting the elderly subjects, the government should devise the necessary protocols and adopt essential measures to ensure the welfare of the marginalized section and protect their basic rights of a holistic existence.Compromised well-being: implications on female geriatric abuse during the COVID-19 crisis in India
Debashrita Dey, Priyanka Tripathi
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp.98-111

This study aims to reflect on how the COVID-19 pandemic has intensified the social and economic vulnerability of Indian elderly women, thereby making them prone to varied forms of abuse and denying them of the basic rights of secured existence.

This study was conducted by analyzing primary data from government sources that dealt with the aging Indian population and the common predicaments that elderly women experienced during the pandemic. A qualitative interview was conducted in three old-age homes in India where the experiences of 26 elderly female residents were documented for understanding their experiences during the pandemic. The secondary data collected from different newspaper articles and online resources also enabled in perusing the difficulties that they faced both at home and the caregiving space at the critical juncture of COVID-19.

Nearly 73% of the elderly population in the country has faced an incidence in different forms of abuse and exploitation during the subsequent waves of the pandemic. Disrespect and neglect were the most common type of mistreatment and around 23.1% reported physical assault. The elderly women were victimized further on socioeconomic grounds and their rights of living a secured and dignified life were significantly neglected.

The basic premise of this paper operates on the ground that the family as an institution has shunned taking care of the responsibilities vis-a-vis the elderly and therefore formal institutions have been introduced to aid in the conventional caretaking responsibilities in the Indian societal structure. This situation became all the more grave during the pandemic and therefore needed much intervention. This paper follows the theoretical lens of gender theory and case study method to analyze the data.

The HelpAge India report findings entail that elderly women/widows are doubly marginalized in the Indian society, and the COVID-19 pandemic has escalated the caregiver stress on manifold levels, thus exacerbating the problem. As most of the female senior citizens are economically dependent on their children and relatives, financial exploitation became one of the important premise that deprived them of a healthy living both at home and elderly caregiving institution. Despite the prevalence of certain elderly assistance schemes in the country, the older women’s needs and well-being got heavily impacted and their voice gets hardly recognized in the wider spectrum of sociopolitical events. To extend the requisite help and assistance to this socially vulnerable section, the government on September, 2021, launched a pan-India, toll-free helpline number “Elder Line” to provide relevant information on elderly legal and medical aid and guidance on procuring pension.

According to the secondary findings, a significant percentage of elderly women have been susceptible to physical and emotional abuse and factors such as widowhood, economic dependency, physical infirmity, cognitive impairment along with other stressors have aggravated their exposure to ill-treatment during the pandemic span. Thus, to recognize and mitigate the existing problems affecting the elderly subjects, the government should devise the necessary protocols and adopt essential measures to ensure the welfare of the marginalized section and protect their basic rights of a holistic existence.

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Compromised well-being: implications on female geriatric abuse during the COVID-19 crisis in India10.1108/IJHRH-02-2022-0008International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2022-08-19© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedDebashrita DeyPriyanka TripathiInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare1712022-08-1910.1108/IJHRH-02-2022-0008https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-02-2022-0008/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Retraction notice: Measuring the knowledge and attitudes of physicians towards patients with HIV/AIDS: study of Anatolian grouphttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-12-2023-0094/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestRetraction notice: Measuring the knowledge and attitudes of physicians towards patients with HIV/AIDS: study of Anatolian groupRetraction notice: Measuring the knowledge and attitudes of physicians towards patients with HIV/AIDS: study of Anatolian group
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp.112-112]]>
Retraction notice: Measuring the knowledge and attitudes of physicians towards patients with HIV/AIDS: study of Anatolian group10.1108/IJHRH-12-2023-0094International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2024-01-19© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare1712024-01-1910.1108/IJHRH-12-2023-0094https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-12-2023-0094/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Retraction notice: Human rights in mental health with specific focus on international standards and clinical practiceshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-12-2023-0095/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestRetraction notice: Human rights in mental health with specific focus on international standards and clinical practicesRetraction notice: Human rights in mental health with specific focus on international standards and clinical practices
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp.113-113]]>
Retraction notice: Human rights in mental health with specific focus on international standards and clinical practices10.1108/IJHRH-12-2023-0095International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2024-01-19© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare1712024-01-1910.1108/IJHRH-12-2023-0095https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-12-2023-0095/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on quality of work life of nurses – a major human rights componenthttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-01-2023-0001/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to evaluate and compare the quality of work life (QWL) of nurses, in pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic situations. The study adopts a descriptive research design. Data were collected during the pre- and post-pandemic periods. The target sampling unit of the study comprises nurses working in Bangalore city, Karnataka, India. The minimum sample size was determined (Bartlett et al., 2001) as 385. The scale validation is carried out. The factors for the present study were explored using exploratory factor analysis and confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Model fitness (proposed measurement model) is ensured by using fit indices. The linear regression method was used to measure the level of QWL of nurses. The present study noted that key factors that affects the QWL of nursing staff are work condition; work environment; work-life balance; compensation and reward; career development; job satisfaction and security; organization culture; relationship among co-workers and stress. Further, it is noticed that QWL of nurses pre-COVID-19 pandemic is 87.2%, while post-COVID-19 pandemic, it is 67%. Present study can be extended to address the same research question by considering sampling unit such as therapist, technicians and sanitarians who have equally undergone tremendous pressure during pandemic. The study outcome provides references for organizations engaged in health services to understand the extreme job conditions posed by pandemic. The constructive inspiration (physio-social and organizational support) reinforces the nurses to continue in their professions by decreasing negative impact. The research paper extends the contributions of Hwang (2002), Nikeghbal et al. (2021), Howie–Esquivel et al. (2022) and Rania et al. (2023) and add to the existing body of the QWL literature. The outcome of the research records the prevailing conditions of pandemic and its effect on changes in work environment with specific reference to health-care sector.Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on quality of work life of nurses – a major human rights component
Nanjundeswaraswamy T.S., Sindu Bharath, P. Nagesh, Vignesh K.M.
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to evaluate and compare the quality of work life (QWL) of nurses, in pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic situations.

The study adopts a descriptive research design. Data were collected during the pre- and post-pandemic periods. The target sampling unit of the study comprises nurses working in Bangalore city, Karnataka, India. The minimum sample size was determined (Bartlett et al., 2001) as 385. The scale validation is carried out. The factors for the present study were explored using exploratory factor analysis and confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Model fitness (proposed measurement model) is ensured by using fit indices. The linear regression method was used to measure the level of QWL of nurses.

The present study noted that key factors that affects the QWL of nursing staff are work condition; work environment; work-life balance; compensation and reward; career development; job satisfaction and security; organization culture; relationship among co-workers and stress. Further, it is noticed that QWL of nurses pre-COVID-19 pandemic is 87.2%, while post-COVID-19 pandemic, it is 67%.

Present study can be extended to address the same research question by considering sampling unit such as therapist, technicians and sanitarians who have equally undergone tremendous pressure during pandemic.

The study outcome provides references for organizations engaged in health services to understand the extreme job conditions posed by pandemic. The constructive inspiration (physio-social and organizational support) reinforces the nurses to continue in their professions by decreasing negative impact.

The research paper extends the contributions of Hwang (2002), Nikeghbal et al. (2021), Howie–Esquivel et al. (2022) and Rania et al. (2023) and add to the existing body of the QWL literature. The outcome of the research records the prevailing conditions of pandemic and its effect on changes in work environment with specific reference to health-care sector.

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Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on quality of work life of nurses – a major human rights component10.1108/IJHRH-01-2023-0001International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2023-06-29© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedNanjundeswaraswamy T.S.Sindu BharathP. NageshVignesh K.M.International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-06-2910.1108/IJHRH-01-2023-0001https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-01-2023-0001/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Retraction notice: Organizational health between theory and practice field research in the General Company for Petroleum Productshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-01-2024-0004/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestRetraction notice: Organizational health between theory and practice field research in the General Company for Petroleum ProductsRetraction notice: Organizational health between theory and practice field research in the General Company for Petroleum Products
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-]]>
Retraction notice: Organizational health between theory and practice field research in the General Company for Petroleum Products10.1108/IJHRH-01-2024-0004International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2024-02-13© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-1310.1108/IJHRH-01-2024-0004https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-01-2024-0004/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
The technological intervention in e-health management: evidence from Thailandhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-02-2022-0009/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe e-health services came up as an effective tool to mitigate effects of COVID-19 and following social distance norms. This study highlighted an issue of contentious usage intentions of e-health services among Thai older citizens. This study aims to examine the relationship of social influence (SI), information quality (IQ) and the digital literacy (DL) to contentious usage intentions. This study follows quantitative techniques, and the sample size is 140 to analyze, that is collected from the older Thai citizens. The convenient sampling technique was used to collect the data and the items were measured by using a five-point Likert scale. The findings of this study are having mixed results. The effect of DL and satisfaction (SAT) on continuous usage intention (CUI) is significant. The effect of IQ and SI on CUI is non-significant. The effect of IQ and SI on SAT is significant. Further, the mediating effect of SAT between IQ and CUI is non-significant. However, the mediating effect of SAT between SI and CUI is significant. This study contributes to knowledge by empirical testing of DL and usage of the medicine. Furthermore, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the rare studies that incorporate technological intervention for drug usage intentions.The technological intervention in e-health management: evidence from Thailand
Mohsin Raza, Rimsha Khalid, Worakamol Wisetsri, Luigi Pio Leonardo Cavaliere, Hamza Subhi Mohammad Alnawafleh, Magna Guzman-Avalos
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The e-health services came up as an effective tool to mitigate effects of COVID-19 and following social distance norms. This study highlighted an issue of contentious usage intentions of e-health services among Thai older citizens. This study aims to examine the relationship of social influence (SI), information quality (IQ) and the digital literacy (DL) to contentious usage intentions.

This study follows quantitative techniques, and the sample size is 140 to analyze, that is collected from the older Thai citizens. The convenient sampling technique was used to collect the data and the items were measured by using a five-point Likert scale.

The findings of this study are having mixed results. The effect of DL and satisfaction (SAT) on continuous usage intention (CUI) is significant. The effect of IQ and SI on CUI is non-significant. The effect of IQ and SI on SAT is significant. Further, the mediating effect of SAT between IQ and CUI is non-significant. However, the mediating effect of SAT between SI and CUI is significant.

This study contributes to knowledge by empirical testing of DL and usage of the medicine. Furthermore, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the rare studies that incorporate technological intervention for drug usage intentions.

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The technological intervention in e-health management: evidence from Thailand10.1108/IJHRH-02-2022-0009International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2022-10-18© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedMohsin RazaRimsha KhalidWorakamol WisetsriLuigi Pio Leonardo CavaliereHamza Subhi Mohammad AlnawaflehMagna Guzman-AvalosInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2022-10-1810.1108/IJHRH-02-2022-0009https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-02-2022-0009/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Environmental hazards and health rights of workers in shipbreaking in Bangladeshhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-03-2022-0014/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe shipbreaking sector in Bangladesh has spurred extensive academic and policy debates on relations between shipbreaking industries, environmental degradation and the health security of their workers. As shipbreaking is an economically significant industry in Bangladesh, it needs to implement both domestic and global mechanisms for environmental conservation and the protection of the labourers’ health from environmental risks. The purpose of this paper is to primarily explore the environmental and health security issues in shipbreaking activities in Bangladesh. It also identifies the challenges in implementing the rules and regulations for protecting the health of the workers at shipbreaking yards in Bangladesh and preserving the marine environment. This is a qualitative paper based on secondary materials, including journal articles, books and national and international reports. It critically reviews the existing literature, rules, regulations and policing on shipbreaking with a particular focus on the environment and health security of the workers. This paper finds that the implementation of the rules and regulations in shipbreaking in Bangladesh is complicated because of weak implementation mechanisms, political and economic interests of the yard owners, lack of coordination among different agencies, lack of adequate training and awareness among the workers and workers’ poor economic condition, which contribute to the degradation of marine and local environments and trigger health hazards among the workers. Therefore, degrading the environment and undermining occupational health and safety regulations have become regular; thus, accidental death and injury to the workers are common in this sector. This paper is an important study on the issues of workers' health and safety and environmental hazards in the shipyard. It reports how the health security of the workers in shipbreaking yards in Bangladesh is vulnerable, and environmental rules are challenged. Finally, this paper frames some policy implications to safeguard the workers’ health rights and the marine environment.Environmental hazards and health rights of workers in shipbreaking in Bangladesh
Md. Kamal Uddin, Mohammad Nur Nobi, ANM Moinul Islam
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The shipbreaking sector in Bangladesh has spurred extensive academic and policy debates on relations between shipbreaking industries, environmental degradation and the health security of their workers. As shipbreaking is an economically significant industry in Bangladesh, it needs to implement both domestic and global mechanisms for environmental conservation and the protection of the labourers’ health from environmental risks. The purpose of this paper is to primarily explore the environmental and health security issues in shipbreaking activities in Bangladesh. It also identifies the challenges in implementing the rules and regulations for protecting the health of the workers at shipbreaking yards in Bangladesh and preserving the marine environment.

This is a qualitative paper based on secondary materials, including journal articles, books and national and international reports. It critically reviews the existing literature, rules, regulations and policing on shipbreaking with a particular focus on the environment and health security of the workers.

This paper finds that the implementation of the rules and regulations in shipbreaking in Bangladesh is complicated because of weak implementation mechanisms, political and economic interests of the yard owners, lack of coordination among different agencies, lack of adequate training and awareness among the workers and workers’ poor economic condition, which contribute to the degradation of marine and local environments and trigger health hazards among the workers. Therefore, degrading the environment and undermining occupational health and safety regulations have become regular; thus, accidental death and injury to the workers are common in this sector.

This paper is an important study on the issues of workers' health and safety and environmental hazards in the shipyard. It reports how the health security of the workers in shipbreaking yards in Bangladesh is vulnerable, and environmental rules are challenged. Finally, this paper frames some policy implications to safeguard the workers’ health rights and the marine environment.

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Environmental hazards and health rights of workers in shipbreaking in Bangladesh10.1108/IJHRH-03-2022-0014International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2022-10-20© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedMd. Kamal UddinMohammad Nur NobiANM Moinul IslamInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2022-10-2010.1108/IJHRH-03-2022-0014https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-03-2022-0014/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Racial differentials in American Indian- White American Postneonatal Mortality in the United States: evidence from cohort linked birth/infant death recordshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-03-2022-0017/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestPostneonatal mortality (PNM), which differs from infant and perinatal mortality, has been observed in the past 25 years with respect to the health outcomes of children. While infant and perinatal mortality have been well-evaluated regarding racial differentials, there are no substantial data on PNM in this perspective. The purpose of this study was to assess whether or not social determinants of health adversely affect racial/ethnic PNM differentials in the USA. A cross-sectional, nonexperimental epidemiologic study design was used to assess race as an exposure function of PNM using Cohort Linked Birth/Infant Death Data (2013). The outcome variable assessed PNM, while the main independent variables were race, social demographic variables (i.e. sex and age) and social determinants of health (i.e. marital status and maternal education). The chi-square statistic was used to assess the independence of variables by race, while the logistic regression model was used to assess the odds of PNM by race and other confounding variables. During 2013, there were 4,451 children with PNM experience. The cumulative incidence of PNM was 23.6% (n = 2,795) among white infants, 24.3% (n = 1,298) among Black/African-Americans (AA) and 39.5% (n = 88) were American-Indian infants (AI), while 21.3% (n = 270) were multiracial, χ2 (3) = 35.7, p < 0.001. Racial differentials in PNM were observed. Relative to White infants, PNM was two times as likely among AI, odds ratio (OR) 2.11 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.61, 2.78). After controlling for the confounding variables, the burden of PNM persisted among AI, although slightly marginalized, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.70, (99% CI 1.10, 2.65). In a representative sample of US children, there were racial disparities in PNM infants who are AI compared to their white counterparts, illustrating excess mortality. These findings suggest the need to allocate social and health resources in transforming health equity in this direction.Racial differentials in American Indian- White American Postneonatal Mortality in the United States: evidence from cohort linked birth/infant death records
Laurens Holmes Jr, Elias Malachi Enguancho, Rakinya Hinson, Justin Williams, Carlin Nelson, Kayla Janae Whaley, Kirk Dabney, Johnette Williams, Emanuelle Medeiros Dias
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Postneonatal mortality (PNM), which differs from infant and perinatal mortality, has been observed in the past 25 years with respect to the health outcomes of children. While infant and perinatal mortality have been well-evaluated regarding racial differentials, there are no substantial data on PNM in this perspective. The purpose of this study was to assess whether or not social determinants of health adversely affect racial/ethnic PNM differentials in the USA.

A cross-sectional, nonexperimental epidemiologic study design was used to assess race as an exposure function of PNM using Cohort Linked Birth/Infant Death Data (2013). The outcome variable assessed PNM, while the main independent variables were race, social demographic variables (i.e. sex and age) and social determinants of health (i.e. marital status and maternal education). The chi-square statistic was used to assess the independence of variables by race, while the logistic regression model was used to assess the odds of PNM by race and other confounding variables.

During 2013, there were 4,451 children with PNM experience. The cumulative incidence of PNM was 23.6% (n = 2,795) among white infants, 24.3% (n = 1,298) among Black/African-Americans (AA) and 39.5% (n = 88) were American-Indian infants (AI), while 21.3% (n = 270) were multiracial, χ2 (3) = 35.7, p < 0.001. Racial differentials in PNM were observed. Relative to White infants, PNM was two times as likely among AI, odds ratio (OR) 2.11 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.61, 2.78). After controlling for the confounding variables, the burden of PNM persisted among AI, although slightly marginalized, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.70, (99% CI 1.10, 2.65).

In a representative sample of US children, there were racial disparities in PNM infants who are AI compared to their white counterparts, illustrating excess mortality. These findings suggest the need to allocate social and health resources in transforming health equity in this direction.

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Racial differentials in American Indian- White American Postneonatal Mortality in the United States: evidence from cohort linked birth/infant death records10.1108/IJHRH-03-2022-0017International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2022-12-05© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedLaurens Holmes JrElias Malachi EnguanchoRakinya HinsonJustin WilliamsCarlin NelsonKayla Janae WhaleyKirk DabneyJohnette WilliamsEmanuelle Medeiros DiasInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2022-12-0510.1108/IJHRH-03-2022-0017https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-03-2022-0017/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Relationship between strategic orientation and performance: the mediating role of green supply chain management for better performancehttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-03-2022-0018/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestStrategic orientation is one of the critical principles affecting the marketing and strategy selection of an organization’s activities, reflecting the strategic tendencies implemented by the organization to create behaviours, leading to organizational efficiency and better employee performance. Therefore, this paper aims to study the relationship between strategic orientation and performance in Qazvin teaching hospitals through green supply chain management (SCM) to improve employees' performance. This was a descriptive– analytical and cross-sectional study. The total number of employees in medical centres was 2,256 people. According to Morgan’s table, the required number of samples was 328, including 10% of the sample loss. The questionnaire was given to 365 staff in different hospitals in proportion to the number of staff. Two statistical software, SPSS24 and AMOS23, were used to evaluate the results. All three variables were relatively moderate in the hospitals. The results of evaluating the structural model of the research showed that all the studied hypotheses were significant, except for the relationship between organizational performance and strategic orientation hypothesis. The results also show that this model had a good fit. The findings can lead to saving the environment, creating a better social image and reducing costs and profitability, allowing managers to know the strategic orientations rather than depending on institutional pressure issues and monitoring guidelines. Considering the significant relationship between the dimensions of green SCM and the hospitals’ performance, the authors suggest: establishing multilateral co-operation in environmental issues, improving the environmental status of hospitals, reducing waste rates and paying attention to social responsibility of hospitals. In addition, the findings help hospital management to comprehensively understand the strategies for implementing green SCM procedures.Relationship between strategic orientation and performance: the mediating role of green supply chain management for better performance
Samira Jalili, Mohammad Amerzadeh, Saeideh Moosavi, Abdollah Keshavarz, Rouhollah Zaboli, Seyed Saeed Tabatabaee, Rohollah Kalhor
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Strategic orientation is one of the critical principles affecting the marketing and strategy selection of an organization’s activities, reflecting the strategic tendencies implemented by the organization to create behaviours, leading to organizational efficiency and better employee performance. Therefore, this paper aims to study the relationship between strategic orientation and performance in Qazvin teaching hospitals through green supply chain management (SCM) to improve employees' performance.

This was a descriptive– analytical and cross-sectional study. The total number of employees in medical centres was 2,256 people. According to Morgan’s table, the required number of samples was 328, including 10% of the sample loss. The questionnaire was given to 365 staff in different hospitals in proportion to the number of staff. Two statistical software, SPSS24 and AMOS23, were used to evaluate the results.

All three variables were relatively moderate in the hospitals. The results of evaluating the structural model of the research showed that all the studied hypotheses were significant, except for the relationship between organizational performance and strategic orientation hypothesis. The results also show that this model had a good fit.

The findings can lead to saving the environment, creating a better social image and reducing costs and profitability, allowing managers to know the strategic orientations rather than depending on institutional pressure issues and monitoring guidelines.

Considering the significant relationship between the dimensions of green SCM and the hospitals’ performance, the authors suggest: establishing multilateral co-operation in environmental issues, improving the environmental status of hospitals, reducing waste rates and paying attention to social responsibility of hospitals. In addition, the findings help hospital management to comprehensively understand the strategies for implementing green SCM procedures.

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Relationship between strategic orientation and performance: the mediating role of green supply chain management for better performance10.1108/IJHRH-03-2022-0018International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2022-10-04© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedSamira JaliliMohammad AmerzadehSaeideh MoosaviAbdollah KeshavarzRouhollah ZaboliSeyed Saeed TabatabaeeRohollah KalhorInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2022-10-0410.1108/IJHRH-03-2022-0018https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-03-2022-0018/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Monetary penalties for refusal of mandatory Covid-19 vaccination: state’s right to regulate vs people’s rights and freedom in health carehttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-03-2022-0019/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe Covid-19 pandemic has persisted for almost three years. States have since then enforced laws, policies and measures believed to be the most effective to handle the global pandemic. Along this line, the Indonesian Government opted to implement mandatory vaccination and refusal of which entails monetary penalties. Hence, this study aims to analyze two legal issues that touch upon the realm of International Human Rights Law: first, whether state has the authority to implement the said mandatory vaccine program to those who refuse to be vaccinated, and second, how is the more appropriate legal policy to obligate vaccination but without coercive sanction. This is a normative legal research that uses a qualitative method with case studies, conceptual, historical and comparative approaches. A descriptive-analytical deduction process was used in analyzing the issue. The results present, as part of state’s right to regulate, it has the authority to enact mandatory vaccination with monetary penalties to fulfil its obligation to protect public health in times of emergency; this is legal and constitutional but only if it satisfies the requirements under the International Human Rights Law: public health necessity, reasonableness, proportionality and harm avoidance. Alternatively, herd immunity is achievable without deploying unnecessary coercive sanctions, such as improving public channels of communication and information, adopting legal policies that incentivize people’s compliance like exclusion from public services, subsidies revocation, employment restrictions, higher health insurance premiums, etc. This study analyzes in depth the following issues: of whether the government has the authority to apply mandatory vaccination laws enforced through monetary penalties for those who refused to be vaccinated and how does the government implement the appropriate legal policy to enforce mandatory vaccination without imposing penalties for non-compliance while maintaining a balance between the interests of protecting public health and the human rights of individuals to choose medical treatment for themselves, including whether they are willing to be vaccinated. Hence, the political affairs, economic matters and other non-legal related issues are excluded from this study. This paper hence offers a suggestive insight for state in formulating a policy relating to the mandatory vaccination program. Although the monetary penalties do not directly violate the rule of law, a more non-coercive approach to the society would be more favorable.Monetary penalties for refusal of mandatory Covid-19 vaccination: state’s right to regulate vs people’s rights and freedom in health care
Sefriani Sefriani, Nur Gemilang Mahardhika
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The Covid-19 pandemic has persisted for almost three years. States have since then enforced laws, policies and measures believed to be the most effective to handle the global pandemic. Along this line, the Indonesian Government opted to implement mandatory vaccination and refusal of which entails monetary penalties. Hence, this study aims to analyze two legal issues that touch upon the realm of International Human Rights Law: first, whether state has the authority to implement the said mandatory vaccine program to those who refuse to be vaccinated, and second, how is the more appropriate legal policy to obligate vaccination but without coercive sanction.

This is a normative legal research that uses a qualitative method with case studies, conceptual, historical and comparative approaches. A descriptive-analytical deduction process was used in analyzing the issue.

The results present, as part of state’s right to regulate, it has the authority to enact mandatory vaccination with monetary penalties to fulfil its obligation to protect public health in times of emergency; this is legal and constitutional but only if it satisfies the requirements under the International Human Rights Law: public health necessity, reasonableness, proportionality and harm avoidance. Alternatively, herd immunity is achievable without deploying unnecessary coercive sanctions, such as improving public channels of communication and information, adopting legal policies that incentivize people’s compliance like exclusion from public services, subsidies revocation, employment restrictions, higher health insurance premiums, etc.

This study analyzes in depth the following issues: of whether the government has the authority to apply mandatory vaccination laws enforced through monetary penalties for those who refused to be vaccinated and how does the government implement the appropriate legal policy to enforce mandatory vaccination without imposing penalties for non-compliance while maintaining a balance between the interests of protecting public health and the human rights of individuals to choose medical treatment for themselves, including whether they are willing to be vaccinated. Hence, the political affairs, economic matters and other non-legal related issues are excluded from this study.

This paper hence offers a suggestive insight for state in formulating a policy relating to the mandatory vaccination program. Although the monetary penalties do not directly violate the rule of law, a more non-coercive approach to the society would be more favorable.

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Monetary penalties for refusal of mandatory Covid-19 vaccination: state’s right to regulate vs people’s rights and freedom in health care10.1108/IJHRH-03-2022-0019International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2022-09-30© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedSefriani SefrianiNur Gemilang MahardhikaInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2022-09-3010.1108/IJHRH-03-2022-0019https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-03-2022-0019/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Challenges and opportunities in female commercial sex worker health care: a critical literature reviewhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-03-2022-0021/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to describe the unique health challenges facing female commercial sex workers (FSWs), including issues related to their marginalisation and difficulty accessing health care. It proposes solutions to some of these problems. This paper addresses this sensitive subject through the methodology of a literature review, drawing on a variety of relevant published literature to inform a modern understanding of the current health challenges faced by this population. This paper discusses issues around criminalisation of commercial sex workers, complexities of family planning, sexually transmitted infection prevention, mental health and substance abuse and how increasing health-care worker awareness of the health needs of this vulnerable population can be a positive step in building trust within this relationship. Although adoption of the proposed recommendations put forth in this paper may help to eliminate some of the barriers encountered by female sex workers, further research is recommended. The subject of commercial sex worker health care is neglected in the academic literature. This review explores the topic in an open and balanced manner and presents a broad and updated overview of the current health-care challenges faced by FSWs as well as opportunities for optimising access and quality of sex worker health care.Challenges and opportunities in female commercial sex worker health care: a critical literature review
Meagan O'Brien, Orla Kistmacher, Sabrina Marie Stephen, Gerard Thomas Flaherty
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This paper aims to describe the unique health challenges facing female commercial sex workers (FSWs), including issues related to their marginalisation and difficulty accessing health care. It proposes solutions to some of these problems.

This paper addresses this sensitive subject through the methodology of a literature review, drawing on a variety of relevant published literature to inform a modern understanding of the current health challenges faced by this population.

This paper discusses issues around criminalisation of commercial sex workers, complexities of family planning, sexually transmitted infection prevention, mental health and substance abuse and how increasing health-care worker awareness of the health needs of this vulnerable population can be a positive step in building trust within this relationship. Although adoption of the proposed recommendations put forth in this paper may help to eliminate some of the barriers encountered by female sex workers, further research is recommended.

The subject of commercial sex worker health care is neglected in the academic literature. This review explores the topic in an open and balanced manner and presents a broad and updated overview of the current health-care challenges faced by FSWs as well as opportunities for optimising access and quality of sex worker health care.

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Challenges and opportunities in female commercial sex worker health care: a critical literature review10.1108/IJHRH-03-2022-0021International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2022-10-25© 2022 Meagan O'Brien, Orla Kistmacher, Sabrina Marie Stephen and Gerard Thomas Flaherty.Meagan O'BrienOrla KistmacherSabrina Marie StephenGerard Thomas FlahertyInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2022-10-2510.1108/IJHRH-03-2022-0021https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-03-2022-0021/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Meagan O'Brien, Orla Kistmacher, Sabrina Marie Stephen and Gerard Thomas Flaherty.http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
Identification of key bottlenecks in human rights-based approach to family planning among HIV-infected women in a resource-restricted setting of Nepalhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-03-2023-0017/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestFamily planning (FP) services through the lens of human rights are not well known in Nepal. This study aims to assess Family Planning 2020: Rights and Empowerment Principles for Family Planning and identify factors affecting contraceptive use among HIV-infected women living in rural Far Western Nepal. This study conducted a cross-sectional survey using self-designed proforma. To assess the association between contraceptive use and independent variables, this study calculated adjusted odd ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) V.20. Only 37.8% of participants had access to full range of contraceptive methods, and only 57.5% of participants received proper counseling. Agency/autonomy, transparency/accountability and voice/participation were practiced by 43.7%, 23.4% and 19.7% of participants, respectively. Husband’s support (AOR = 4.263; 95% CI: 1.640–11.086), availability of FP services in their locality (AOR = 2.497; 95% CI: 1.311–4.754), employment (AOR = 3.499; 95% CI: 1.186–10.328) and postpartum period (AOR = 0.103; 95% CI: 0.023–0.475) were significantly associated with contraceptive use. Health-care providers’ and program managers’ perspectives were not examined. Findings of this study will be useful for making strategic plan on human rights-based approach to FP. Expanding access to contraceptive information and services and strengthening autonomy, accountability and participation are key to human rights-based approach to FP. This study identified that inadequate counselling, nonavailability of full range of contraceptive methods, low level of autonomy, accountability and participation were key bottlenecks in fulfilling human rights-based approach to FP.Identification of key bottlenecks in human rights-based approach to family planning among HIV-infected women in a resource-restricted setting of Nepal
Govinda Prasad Dhungana, Dwij Raj Bhatta, Wei-Hong Zhang
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Family planning (FP) services through the lens of human rights are not well known in Nepal. This study aims to assess Family Planning 2020: Rights and Empowerment Principles for Family Planning and identify factors affecting contraceptive use among HIV-infected women living in rural Far Western Nepal.

This study conducted a cross-sectional survey using self-designed proforma. To assess the association between contraceptive use and independent variables, this study calculated adjusted odd ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) V.20.

Only 37.8% of participants had access to full range of contraceptive methods, and only 57.5% of participants received proper counseling. Agency/autonomy, transparency/accountability and voice/participation were practiced by 43.7%, 23.4% and 19.7% of participants, respectively. Husband’s support (AOR = 4.263; 95% CI: 1.640–11.086), availability of FP services in their locality (AOR = 2.497; 95% CI: 1.311–4.754), employment (AOR = 3.499; 95% CI: 1.186–10.328) and postpartum period (AOR = 0.103; 95% CI: 0.023–0.475) were significantly associated with contraceptive use.

Health-care providers’ and program managers’ perspectives were not examined.

Findings of this study will be useful for making strategic plan on human rights-based approach to FP.

Expanding access to contraceptive information and services and strengthening autonomy, accountability and participation are key to human rights-based approach to FP.

This study identified that inadequate counselling, nonavailability of full range of contraceptive methods, low level of autonomy, accountability and participation were key bottlenecks in fulfilling human rights-based approach to FP.

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Identification of key bottlenecks in human rights-based approach to family planning among HIV-infected women in a resource-restricted setting of Nepal10.1108/IJHRH-03-2023-0017International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2024-03-26© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedGovinda Prasad DhunganaDwij Raj BhattaWei-Hong ZhangInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-03-2610.1108/IJHRH-03-2023-0017https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-03-2023-0017/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Comparative approach in public health social security: a legal case study of the Indonesian, France, and Singapore health systemshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-03-2023-0020/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis research paper aimed to study the legal structure of top-performing health governance systems and compare them with the Indonesian health social security system to identify the main differences and provide recommendations for Indonesian and other developing countries’ health policymakers and administrators. Using formative research with a conceptual approach and statute approach as method in this study. Data was gathered using the document study technique, which studies various documents, especially legal documents related to health law, linked to legal purpose theories. Moreover, the World Health Organization ranking was considered to choose the two countries (France and Singapore) with a high social health security system for comparative analysis. All data collected has been analyzed using a qualitative and theoretical basis. Content analysis was performed by analyzing the legal documents, and the regulatory framework of all three countries was deeply analyzed to draw conclusions and recommendations. Indonesia has specific laws to implement a social security system in the health sector. However, the lack of the best medical facilities and infrastructure and weak implementation of existing laws were identified as major reasons behind the poor health security system compared to comparative countries. Also, as a developing nation Indonesian Government face budgetary pressures and huge population challenges to meet required standards. Thus, the financing approaches used by Singapore and France may help developing countries meet these challenges effectively. Therefore, there is a dire need to strengthen the social health security system all over the country with amendments to laws and ensure the implementation of prevailing laws and regulations. Providing understanding related to the social security health system in Indonesia along with a detailed description of the sound social health security system in France and Singapore will further provide an avenue for the researchers to critically analyze this line of study to devise some valuable suggestions further and to draw loopholes in the system. A comparative approach for legal studies in the health sector is rare. So, this research advanced the social security health system-related literature and legal studies on the health sector by using this comparative approach to develop policy insights and future research directions, which will further help the field to grow.Comparative approach in public health social security: a legal case study of the Indonesian, France, and Singapore health systems
Sukri Paluttri
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This research paper aimed to study the legal structure of top-performing health governance systems and compare them with the Indonesian health social security system to identify the main differences and provide recommendations for Indonesian and other developing countries’ health policymakers and administrators.

Using formative research with a conceptual approach and statute approach as method in this study. Data was gathered using the document study technique, which studies various documents, especially legal documents related to health law, linked to legal purpose theories. Moreover, the World Health Organization ranking was considered to choose the two countries (France and Singapore) with a high social health security system for comparative analysis. All data collected has been analyzed using a qualitative and theoretical basis. Content analysis was performed by analyzing the legal documents, and the regulatory framework of all three countries was deeply analyzed to draw conclusions and recommendations.

Indonesia has specific laws to implement a social security system in the health sector. However, the lack of the best medical facilities and infrastructure and weak implementation of existing laws were identified as major reasons behind the poor health security system compared to comparative countries. Also, as a developing nation Indonesian Government face budgetary pressures and huge population challenges to meet required standards. Thus, the financing approaches used by Singapore and France may help developing countries meet these challenges effectively. Therefore, there is a dire need to strengthen the social health security system all over the country with amendments to laws and ensure the implementation of prevailing laws and regulations.

Providing understanding related to the social security health system in Indonesia along with a detailed description of the sound social health security system in France and Singapore will further provide an avenue for the researchers to critically analyze this line of study to devise some valuable suggestions further and to draw loopholes in the system.

A comparative approach for legal studies in the health sector is rare. So, this research advanced the social security health system-related literature and legal studies on the health sector by using this comparative approach to develop policy insights and future research directions, which will further help the field to grow.

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Comparative approach in public health social security: a legal case study of the Indonesian, France, and Singapore health systems10.1108/IJHRH-03-2023-0020International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2023-08-28© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedSukri PaluttriInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-08-2810.1108/IJHRH-03-2023-0020https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-03-2023-0020/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Psychological hardiness as a mediator variable between workplace bullying and job anxiety among early childhood teachers: implications for healthcarehttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-04-2021-0095/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestEarly childhood teachers play a significant role in building children’s success in their first years of school. Therefore, a healthy early childhood workforce in a healthy working environment is an essential aspect of effective early childhood services. This paper aims to explore the extent to which psychological hardiness can be considered as a mediator variable between exposure to workplace bullying and job anxiety among early childhood teachers. A homogeneous sample comprised of 200 early childhood teachers. For data collection, the researcher used the workplace bullying scale, the psychological hardiness scale and the job anxiety scale among early childhood teachers (prepared by the researcher). The findings indicated that psychological hardiness mediates the relationship between exposure to workplace bullying and job anxiety among early childhood teachers. The research result highlighted the necessity of providing counseling programs for early childhood teachers helping them eliminate work stress that affects their job performance. In addition, the kindergarten administration must concentrate on how to effectively communicate and cooperate with early childhood teachers in light of regulations, policies and laws to defeat the spread of workplace bullying. The results of this research contributed to the existing literature by examining the relationship between the research variables, particularly in the early childhood education context.Psychological hardiness as a mediator variable between workplace bullying and job anxiety among early childhood teachers: implications for healthcare
Ghada Farghal Gaber Ahmed
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Early childhood teachers play a significant role in building children’s success in their first years of school. Therefore, a healthy early childhood workforce in a healthy working environment is an essential aspect of effective early childhood services. This paper aims to explore the extent to which psychological hardiness can be considered as a mediator variable between exposure to workplace bullying and job anxiety among early childhood teachers.

A homogeneous sample comprised of 200 early childhood teachers. For data collection, the researcher used the workplace bullying scale, the psychological hardiness scale and the job anxiety scale among early childhood teachers (prepared by the researcher).

The findings indicated that psychological hardiness mediates the relationship between exposure to workplace bullying and job anxiety among early childhood teachers.

The research result highlighted the necessity of providing counseling programs for early childhood teachers helping them eliminate work stress that affects their job performance. In addition, the kindergarten administration must concentrate on how to effectively communicate and cooperate with early childhood teachers in light of regulations, policies and laws to defeat the spread of workplace bullying. The results of this research contributed to the existing literature by examining the relationship between the research variables, particularly in the early childhood education context.

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Psychological hardiness as a mediator variable between workplace bullying and job anxiety among early childhood teachers: implications for healthcare10.1108/IJHRH-04-2021-0095International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2021-07-26© 2021 Emerald Publishing LimitedGhada Farghal Gaber AhmedInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2021-07-2610.1108/IJHRH-04-2021-0095https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-04-2021-0095/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited
Self-differentiation as an intermediate variable between anger management and neurotic perfectionism among high achievers “a psychological study of the rights of special education”https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-04-2021-0096/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to explore the intermediate role of self-differentiation in anger management and neurotic perfectionism for a sample of high achievers at some public universities in Egypt and Saudi Arabia. This increases the chances of these students obtaining their rights. The researcher used the microcopy of Drake, Murdock, Marszalek and [(the Differentiation of Self Inventory—Short Form (DSI-SF)] scale, differentiation of self child-adolescent perfectionism scale and Davidson and Munro (2000) scale of neurotic perfectionism in addition to the anger management scale of the current study. The researcher used the appropriate statistical methods and the descriptive design to find the results. The results showed that there is no statistically significant difference among male and female students in the positive anger management while three was a statistically significant difference among them in the negative anger management favoring male students. Further, there were no statistically significant differences among the study sample according to the country (Egypt and Saudi Arabia) in anger management (positive and negative). Moreover, there was a correlation matrix between the study variables as shown in the study; The statistical analysis was conducted to identify the suggested constructive model and variables of the study, anger management (positive-negative) as an independent variable, self-differentiation as an intermediate variable and neurotic perfectionism as a dependent variable among high achievers, This explains the necessity of preparing the environment for these students to become more healthy, through which they can enjoy all their rights as a category of special education, where most of the focus is on the handicapped groups from special education more than the high achievers’ students. The study recommended that higher education courses should focus on anger management skills and the development of self-differentiation and the positive part of perfectionism. Also, the current study provided the educators of higher education with some suggestions to promote it and develop high achievers, which may lead to positive mental and physical health for high achievers and raising awareness of society and obtaining their rights in education and life.Self-differentiation as an intermediate variable between anger management and neurotic perfectionism among high achievers “a psychological study of the rights of special education”
Hossam Mahmoud Zaki Ali
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to explore the intermediate role of self-differentiation in anger management and neurotic perfectionism for a sample of high achievers at some public universities in Egypt and Saudi Arabia. This increases the chances of these students obtaining their rights.

The researcher used the microcopy of Drake, Murdock, Marszalek and [(the Differentiation of Self Inventory—Short Form (DSI-SF)] scale, differentiation of self child-adolescent perfectionism scale and Davidson and Munro (2000) scale of neurotic perfectionism in addition to the anger management scale of the current study. The researcher used the appropriate statistical methods and the descriptive design to find the results.

The results showed that there is no statistically significant difference among male and female students in the positive anger management while three was a statistically significant difference among them in the negative anger management favoring male students. Further, there were no statistically significant differences among the study sample according to the country (Egypt and Saudi Arabia) in anger management (positive and negative). Moreover, there was a correlation matrix between the study variables as shown in the study; The statistical analysis was conducted to identify the suggested constructive model and variables of the study, anger management (positive-negative) as an independent variable, self-differentiation as an intermediate variable and neurotic perfectionism as a dependent variable among high achievers, This explains the necessity of preparing the environment for these students to become more healthy, through which they can enjoy all their rights as a category of special education, where most of the focus is on the handicapped groups from special education more than the high achievers’ students.

The study recommended that higher education courses should focus on anger management skills and the development of self-differentiation and the positive part of perfectionism. Also, the current study provided the educators of higher education with some suggestions to promote it and develop high achievers, which may lead to positive mental and physical health for high achievers and raising awareness of society and obtaining their rights in education and life.

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Self-differentiation as an intermediate variable between anger management and neurotic perfectionism among high achievers “a psychological study of the rights of special education”10.1108/IJHRH-04-2021-0096International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2021-08-12© 2021 Emerald Publishing LimitedHossam Mahmoud Zaki AliInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2021-08-1210.1108/IJHRH-04-2021-0096https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-04-2021-0096/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited
Psychological resilience and its relationship to life stress among Al-Bayda University studentshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-04-2021-0099/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe phenomenon of stress is a problem for a large number of interested people and researchers, and it has even become a global phenomenon in recent times. This is due to the effect of this phenomenon on the individual's performance, efficiency and satisfaction with the work he performs. This paper aims to know the level of psychological resilience, life stress and the relationship between them among a sample of Al-Bayda University students in the health-care context in Republic of Yemen. To achieve the study objectives, the researchers applied the psychological resilience scale, which consisted of (40) items and prepared the psychological stress scale that consisted of (41) items. The findings of the study indicated that the level of psychological resilience of Al-Bayda University students is high. The findings also indicated that there are statistically significant differences in psychological resilience depending on the gender variable in favor of males and that there are no statistically indicative significant differences according to the variables of specialization, academic level and marital status. The findings showed a high prevalence of life stresses among the members of the study sample and indicated that the sources of stress among the study sample individuals were arranged as follows: academic stress, future stress, social stress, family stress and economic stress. The findings indicated significant differences among the study sample in the stress of life according to the variable of gender in favor of males and the presence of an inverse significant relationship between the level of psychological resilience and life stress among the study sample members.Psychological resilience and its relationship to life stress among Al-Bayda University students
Abdullah Mohammed Al-dhuraibi, Mohammed Hasan Ali Al-Abyadh
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The phenomenon of stress is a problem for a large number of interested people and researchers, and it has even become a global phenomenon in recent times. This is due to the effect of this phenomenon on the individual's performance, efficiency and satisfaction with the work he performs. This paper aims to know the level of psychological resilience, life stress and the relationship between them among a sample of Al-Bayda University students in the health-care context in Republic of Yemen.

To achieve the study objectives, the researchers applied the psychological resilience scale, which consisted of (40) items and prepared the psychological stress scale that consisted of (41) items.

The findings of the study indicated that the level of psychological resilience of Al-Bayda University students is high. The findings also indicated that there are statistically significant differences in psychological resilience depending on the gender variable in favor of males and that there are no statistically indicative significant differences according to the variables of specialization, academic level and marital status. The findings showed a high prevalence of life stresses among the members of the study sample and indicated that the sources of stress among the study sample individuals were arranged as follows: academic stress, future stress, social stress, family stress and economic stress.

The findings indicated significant differences among the study sample in the stress of life according to the variable of gender in favor of males and the presence of an inverse significant relationship between the level of psychological resilience and life stress among the study sample members.

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Psychological resilience and its relationship to life stress among Al-Bayda University students10.1108/IJHRH-04-2021-0099International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2021-08-29© 2021 Emerald Publishing LimitedAbdullah Mohammed Al-dhuraibiMohammed Hasan Ali Al-AbyadhInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2021-08-2910.1108/IJHRH-04-2021-0099https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-04-2021-0099/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited
The relationship between health-care expenditure and disposable personal income: a panel econometric analysis on the EU countrieshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-04-2021-0103/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestWhen the factors affecting health expenditures are examined in the literature, it is seen that one of the most important factors is income. In this context, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between out-of-pocket health expenditures and disposable personal income and revealing the income elasticity of health expenditures. Therefore, short/long-term coefficients were obtained by analyzing Westerlund (2007) co-integration analysis and pooled mean group (PMG) regression methods for 22 European Union (EU) member states during the period 2003–2017. In addition, a comparison of the long-term coefficients for each country was obtained with augmented mean group (AMG) estimator. The results of the AMG and PMG tests show that the long-term coefficients between disposable personal income and health expenditures are 0.83 and 0.97, respectively. These results imply that there is a significant relationship between the variables, and that health care should be categorized in the group of normal goods. However, the fact that the long-term coefficient is very close to 1, despite being classified in the category of necessity goods, requires more care to be taken in evaluating whether health services are luxury goods or necessity goods. The use of second generation econometric tests on both cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity demonstrates the value of the study. On the other hand, obtaining similar results by investigating the relationship between variables using different appropriate econometric models reveals the importance of the methodology used in this study. It reveals important details in terms of the literature regarding the long-term and short-term results obtained in this study.The relationship between health-care expenditure and disposable personal income: a panel econometric analysis on the EU countries
Mehmet Hilmi Özkaya, Naib Alakbarov, Murat Gündüz
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

When the factors affecting health expenditures are examined in the literature, it is seen that one of the most important factors is income. In this context, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between out-of-pocket health expenditures and disposable personal income and revealing the income elasticity of health expenditures.

Therefore, short/long-term coefficients were obtained by analyzing Westerlund (2007) co-integration analysis and pooled mean group (PMG) regression methods for 22 European Union (EU) member states during the period 2003–2017. In addition, a comparison of the long-term coefficients for each country was obtained with augmented mean group (AMG) estimator.

The results of the AMG and PMG tests show that the long-term coefficients between disposable personal income and health expenditures are 0.83 and 0.97, respectively. These results imply that there is a significant relationship between the variables, and that health care should be categorized in the group of normal goods. However, the fact that the long-term coefficient is very close to 1, despite being classified in the category of necessity goods, requires more care to be taken in evaluating whether health services are luxury goods or necessity goods.

The use of second generation econometric tests on both cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity demonstrates the value of the study. On the other hand, obtaining similar results by investigating the relationship between variables using different appropriate econometric models reveals the importance of the methodology used in this study. It reveals important details in terms of the literature regarding the long-term and short-term results obtained in this study.

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The relationship between health-care expenditure and disposable personal income: a panel econometric analysis on the EU countries10.1108/IJHRH-04-2021-0103International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2021-08-17© 2021 Emerald Publishing LimitedMehmet Hilmi ÖzkayaNaib AlakbarovMurat GündüzInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2021-08-1710.1108/IJHRH-04-2021-0103https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-04-2021-0103/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited
The legal nature of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on contractual obligations applied in human rightshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-04-2021-0107/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestUnder international human rights law, states can limit the exercise of most human rights if it is necessary to protect the rights of others or collective interests. The hazards of epidemics and diseases have raised many legal, economic and social issues in their link with global health security, which renew the discussion regarding the effects of the COVID-19 on some civil and commercial transactions and financial and tax obligations. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the effects of COVID-19 on contractual obligations. In this research, we are going to follow the method of the analytical and applied approach at the same time by analyzing the cases in which contractual obligations are affected by the circumstances of the COVID-19 and its legal implications, as well as to apply the theories related to this aspect to different cases. The result of the study funded that the legal adaptation of the COVID-19 pandemic is limited to the theory of emergency circumstances and the theory of the force majeure, and the matter remains in the hands of the trial judge to attribute the incident imposed on him to one of the two cases according to the circumstances of the case. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on contractual obligations should be applied on each contract separately according to the extent of its impact on the contractors because the spread of the virus may have an impact on the obligations of one of the contractors, leading to exhaustion of the debtor, or it may lead to the impossibility of implementing the obligation.The legal nature of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on contractual obligations applied in human rights
Hassan Dakel Abd Radhi
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Under international human rights law, states can limit the exercise of most human rights if it is necessary to protect the rights of others or collective interests. The hazards of epidemics and diseases have raised many legal, economic and social issues in their link with global health security, which renew the discussion regarding the effects of the COVID-19 on some civil and commercial transactions and financial and tax obligations. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the effects of COVID-19 on contractual obligations.

In this research, we are going to follow the method of the analytical and applied approach at the same time by analyzing the cases in which contractual obligations are affected by the circumstances of the COVID-19 and its legal implications, as well as to apply the theories related to this aspect to different cases.

The result of the study funded that the legal adaptation of the COVID-19 pandemic is limited to the theory of emergency circumstances and the theory of the force majeure, and the matter remains in the hands of the trial judge to attribute the incident imposed on him to one of the two cases according to the circumstances of the case.

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on contractual obligations should be applied on each contract separately according to the extent of its impact on the contractors because the spread of the virus may have an impact on the obligations of one of the contractors, leading to exhaustion of the debtor, or it may lead to the impossibility of implementing the obligation.

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The legal nature of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on contractual obligations applied in human rights10.1108/IJHRH-04-2021-0107International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2021-08-11© 2021 Emerald Publishing LimitedHassan Dakel Abd RadhiInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2021-08-1110.1108/IJHRH-04-2021-0107https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-04-2021-0107/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited
Ethnic minority and their knowledge about their human health rights: evidence from a national survey in Peruhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-04-2022-0025/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to evaluate the association between ethnic minority membership and their knowledge about their human health rights in Peru. A secondary analysis of the National Health User Satisfaction Survey 2015–2016 was conducted using an analytical cross-sectional design. Participants who spoke Quechua, Aymara, Awajun, Bora or a language other than Spanish aged 15 year were considered as a racial minority. The question “Do you know that by law you have health rights?” was applied to incorporate knowledge on health rights. Generalized linear models of the Poisson distribution were used to calculate crude prevalence ratio and adjusted prevalence ratio. A total of 3,721 responses were included in the analysis. The average age was 38.3 year, and 26.6% were males. The prevalence of belonging to an ethnic minority was 7.7%, and 27.6% of the participants did not know about their health rights. An association was found in the adjusted regression analysis between belonging to an ethnic minority and a greater probability of not knowing human health rights. The value of the works lies in one in four participants who did not know he had health rights by law. Belonging to an ethnic minority was associated with not knowing about having human health rights.Ethnic minority and their knowledge about their human health rights: evidence from a national survey in Peru
Angela Uyen-Cateriano, Fabriccio J. Visconti-Lopez, Cielo Cabanillas-Ramirez, Milene Morocho-Pinedo, Vicente A. Benites-Zapata, Daniel Raa-Ortiz, Percy Herrera-Añazco
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to evaluate the association between ethnic minority membership and their knowledge about their human health rights in Peru.

A secondary analysis of the National Health User Satisfaction Survey 2015–2016 was conducted using an analytical cross-sectional design. Participants who spoke Quechua, Aymara, Awajun, Bora or a language other than Spanish aged 15 year were considered as a racial minority. The question “Do you know that by law you have health rights?” was applied to incorporate knowledge on health rights. Generalized linear models of the Poisson distribution were used to calculate crude prevalence ratio and adjusted prevalence ratio. A total of 3,721 responses were included in the analysis.

The average age was 38.3 year, and 26.6% were males. The prevalence of belonging to an ethnic minority was 7.7%, and 27.6% of the participants did not know about their health rights. An association was found in the adjusted regression analysis between belonging to an ethnic minority and a greater probability of not knowing human health rights.

The value of the works lies in one in four participants who did not know he had health rights by law. Belonging to an ethnic minority was associated with not knowing about having human health rights.

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Ethnic minority and their knowledge about their human health rights: evidence from a national survey in Peru10.1108/IJHRH-04-2022-0025International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2022-11-01© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedAngela Uyen-CaterianoFabriccio J. Visconti-LopezCielo Cabanillas-RamirezMilene Morocho-PinedoVicente A. Benites-ZapataDaniel Raa-OrtizPercy Herrera-AñazcoInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2022-11-0110.1108/IJHRH-04-2022-0025https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-04-2022-0025/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
The need for attention to mental health of nursing staff during COVID-19 pandemic as their basic human righthttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-04-2022-0031/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis purpose of this study was to investigate the role of nurses’ resilience as an indicator of their mental health on sick leave absenteeism during the COVID-19 pandemic. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2020 to identify the predictors of absenteeism among 260 nurses working in two training hospitals delivering specialized services in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Data was collected through the use of standard questionnaires including demographic information, nurses’ resilience, intention for job turnover and absenteeism from the workplace. To predict sick leave absenteeism, regression analyses were implemented. Study results revealed that the most influencing features for predicting the probability of taking sick leave among nurses were marital status, tenacity, age, work experience and optimism. Logistic regression also depicted that nurses who had less faith in God or less self-control were more likely to take sick leave. The resilience of nurses working in the COVID-19 pandemic was relatively low, which needs careful consideration to apply for organizational support. Main challenge that most of the health systems face include an inadequate supply of nurses which consequently lead to reduced efficiency, poor quality of care and decreased job performance. Thus, hospital managers need to put appropriate managerial interventions into practice, such as building a pleasant and healthy work environment, to improve nurses’ resilience in response to heavy workloads and stressful conditions. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to examine such a relationship, thus contributing findings will provide a clear contribution to nursing management and decision-making processes. Resilience is an important factor for nurses who constantly face challenging situations in a multifaceted health-care system.The need for attention to mental health of nursing staff during COVID-19 pandemic as their basic human right
Sina Abdollahzade, Sima Rafiei, Saber Souri
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This purpose of this study was to investigate the role of nurses’ resilience as an indicator of their mental health on sick leave absenteeism during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2020 to identify the predictors of absenteeism among 260 nurses working in two training hospitals delivering specialized services in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Data was collected through the use of standard questionnaires including demographic information, nurses’ resilience, intention for job turnover and absenteeism from the workplace. To predict sick leave absenteeism, regression analyses were implemented.

Study results revealed that the most influencing features for predicting the probability of taking sick leave among nurses were marital status, tenacity, age, work experience and optimism. Logistic regression also depicted that nurses who had less faith in God or less self-control were more likely to take sick leave.

The resilience of nurses working in the COVID-19 pandemic was relatively low, which needs careful consideration to apply for organizational support. Main challenge that most of the health systems face include an inadequate supply of nurses which consequently lead to reduced efficiency, poor quality of care and decreased job performance. Thus, hospital managers need to put appropriate managerial interventions into practice, such as building a pleasant and healthy work environment, to improve nurses’ resilience in response to heavy workloads and stressful conditions.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to examine such a relationship, thus contributing findings will provide a clear contribution to nursing management and decision-making processes. Resilience is an important factor for nurses who constantly face challenging situations in a multifaceted health-care system.

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The need for attention to mental health of nursing staff during COVID-19 pandemic as their basic human right10.1108/IJHRH-04-2022-0031International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2022-09-06© 2020 Emerald Publishing LimitedSina AbdollahzadeSima RafieiSaber SouriInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2022-09-0610.1108/IJHRH-04-2022-0031https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-04-2022-0031/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2020 Emerald Publishing Limited
Legal comparison of the use of telemedicine between Indonesia and the United Stateshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-04-2022-0032/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to analyze the way Indonesian and the US laws regulate the reality and implications of legal issues regarding telemedicine, including the protection of citizens in using telemedicine. This normative legal study used secondary data comprising primary and secondary legal materials based on the law as a norm. The normative legal method was used because the data were based on laws and regulations, reports, journals and research governing telemedicine in Indonesia and the USA. The results showed similarities between Indonesia and the USA regarding health services as part of protecting human rights. The differences in implementing telemedicine are from a legal aspect. The legal comparison of telemedicine implementation between the two countries resulted in differences in regulation, informed consent, medical records, practice licenses and medical prescriptions. This study discussed telemedicine’s legal aspects in Indonesia and the USA. This study aimed to determine the implementation and guidelines used by the USA to be considered for adoption by Indonesia for legal certainty. The results showed that legal threats could be a weakness of law in Indonesia. Therefore, the government should develop guidelines about telemedicine to accommodate citizens’ legal protection and certainty. This study is original and could be used as a reference for policymakers in Indonesia and the USA in protecting citizens using telemedicine services. The findings provide a perspective based on Health Law in Indonesia.Legal comparison of the use of telemedicine between Indonesia and the United States
Pujiyono Suwadi, Priscilla Wresty Ayuningtyas, Shintya Yulfa Septiningrum, Reda Manthovani
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to analyze the way Indonesian and the US laws regulate the reality and implications of legal issues regarding telemedicine, including the protection of citizens in using telemedicine.

This normative legal study used secondary data comprising primary and secondary legal materials based on the law as a norm. The normative legal method was used because the data were based on laws and regulations, reports, journals and research governing telemedicine in Indonesia and the USA.

The results showed similarities between Indonesia and the USA regarding health services as part of protecting human rights. The differences in implementing telemedicine are from a legal aspect. The legal comparison of telemedicine implementation between the two countries resulted in differences in regulation, informed consent, medical records, practice licenses and medical prescriptions.

This study discussed telemedicine’s legal aspects in Indonesia and the USA.

This study aimed to determine the implementation and guidelines used by the USA to be considered for adoption by Indonesia for legal certainty.

The results showed that legal threats could be a weakness of law in Indonesia. Therefore, the government should develop guidelines about telemedicine to accommodate citizens’ legal protection and certainty.

This study is original and could be used as a reference for policymakers in Indonesia and the USA in protecting citizens using telemedicine services. The findings provide a perspective based on Health Law in Indonesia.

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Legal comparison of the use of telemedicine between Indonesia and the United States10.1108/IJHRH-04-2022-0032International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2022-10-25© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedPujiyono SuwadiPriscilla Wresty AyuningtyasShintya Yulfa SeptiningrumReda ManthovaniInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2022-10-2510.1108/IJHRH-04-2022-0032https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-04-2022-0032/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Patient personal data protection: comparing the health-care regulations in Indonesia, Singapore and the European Unionhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-04-2022-0035/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to identify the reasons why cases of leakage of patient personal data often occur in the health sector. This paper also analyzes personal data protection regulations in the health sector from a comparative legal perspective between Indonesia, Singapore and the European Union (EU). This type of research is legal research. The research approach used is the statute approach and conceptual approach. The focus of this study in this research is Indonesia with a comparative study in Singapore and the EU. Cases of leakage of patient personal data in Indonesia often occur. In 2021, the data for 230,000 COVID-19 patients was leaked and sold on the Rapid Forums dark web forum. A patient’s personal data is a human right that must be protected. Compared to Singapore and the EU, Indonesia is a country that does not yet have a law on the protection of personal data. This condition causes cases of leakage of patients’ personal data to occur frequently. This study analyzes the regulation and protection of patients’ personal data in Indonesia, Singapore and the EU to construct a regulatory design for the protection of patients’ personal data. The results of this study are useful for constructing regulations governing the protection of patients’ personal data. The regulation is to protect the patient’s personal data like a patient’s human right. The ideal regulatory design can prevent data breaches. Based on the results of comparative studies, in Singapore and the EU, cases of personal data leakage are rare because they have a regulatory framework regarding the protection of patients’ personal data. Legal strategies that can be taken to prevent and overcome patient data breaches include the establishment of an Act on Personal Data Protection; the Personal Data Protection Commission; and management of patients’ personal data.Patient personal data protection: comparing the health-care regulations in Indonesia, Singapore and the European Union
Dona Budi Kharisma, Alvalerie Diakanza
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This paper aims to identify the reasons why cases of leakage of patient personal data often occur in the health sector. This paper also analyzes personal data protection regulations in the health sector from a comparative legal perspective between Indonesia, Singapore and the European Union (EU).

This type of research is legal research. The research approach used is the statute approach and conceptual approach. The focus of this study in this research is Indonesia with a comparative study in Singapore and the EU.

Cases of leakage of patient personal data in Indonesia often occur. In 2021, the data for 230,000 COVID-19 patients was leaked and sold on the Rapid Forums dark web forum. A patient’s personal data is a human right that must be protected. Compared to Singapore and the EU, Indonesia is a country that does not yet have a law on the protection of personal data. This condition causes cases of leakage of patients’ personal data to occur frequently.

This study analyzes the regulation and protection of patients’ personal data in Indonesia, Singapore and the EU to construct a regulatory design for the protection of patients’ personal data.

The results of this study are useful for constructing regulations governing the protection of patients’ personal data. The regulation is to protect the patient’s personal data like a patient’s human right.

The ideal regulatory design can prevent data breaches. Based on the results of comparative studies, in Singapore and the EU, cases of personal data leakage are rare because they have a regulatory framework regarding the protection of patients’ personal data.

Legal strategies that can be taken to prevent and overcome patient data breaches include the establishment of an Act on Personal Data Protection; the Personal Data Protection Commission; and management of patients’ personal data.

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Patient personal data protection: comparing the health-care regulations in Indonesia, Singapore and the European Union10.1108/IJHRH-04-2022-0035International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2022-09-06© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedDona Budi KharismaAlvalerie DiakanzaInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2022-09-0610.1108/IJHRH-04-2022-0035https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-04-2022-0035/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Cultural adaptation and validation of the Others as Shamer scale: a barrier to effective health-care assessmenthttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-05-2022-0039/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestDespite the fact that shame is recognized as a significant factor in clinical encounters, it is under-recognized, under-researched and under-theorized in health prevention, assessment and cross-cultural contexts. Thus, this study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the most widely used scale, the “Other as Shamer Scale” (OAS), to assess the risk and proclivities of external shame in adults. As in health care, there is a barrier between what is known through research in one culture and what is acceptable in practice in another culture. The Urdu version was prepared using the standard back-translation method, and the study was conducted from June 2021 to January 2022. The translation and adaptation were completed in four steps: forward translation, adaptation and translation, back translation, committee approach and cross-language validation. The sample, selected through the purposive sampling method, is comprised of 200 adults (men = 100 and women = 100), with an age range of 18–60 years (M = 28, SD = 5.5), spanning all stages of life. The Cronbach's alpha reliability and factorial validity of the OAS were assessed through confirmatory factor analysis and Pearson correlation analyses. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability (at a two-week interval) were used to evaluate the reliability. Statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 22) software. Preliminary analysis revealed that the overall instrument had good internal consistency (Urdu OAS a = 0.91; English OAS a = 0.92) as well as test–retest correlation coefficients for 15 days (r = 0.88). The factor loading of all items ranged from 0.69 to 0.9, which explained the significant level and indicated the model's overall goodness of fit. Findings suggest that this scale has significant psychometric properties and the potential to be used as a valid, reliable and cost-effective clinical and research instrument. This study contributes to scientific knowledge and helps to develop and test indigenous cross-cultural instruments that can be used to examine external shame in Pakistani people.Cultural adaptation and validation of the Others as Shamer scale: a barrier to effective health-care assessment
Mahvia Gull, Muhammad Aqeel, Aniqa Kanwal, Kamran Khan, Tanvir Akhtar
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Despite the fact that shame is recognized as a significant factor in clinical encounters, it is under-recognized, under-researched and under-theorized in health prevention, assessment and cross-cultural contexts. Thus, this study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the most widely used scale, the “Other as Shamer Scale” (OAS), to assess the risk and proclivities of external shame in adults. As in health care, there is a barrier between what is known through research in one culture and what is acceptable in practice in another culture.

The Urdu version was prepared using the standard back-translation method, and the study was conducted from June 2021 to January 2022. The translation and adaptation were completed in four steps: forward translation, adaptation and translation, back translation, committee approach and cross-language validation. The sample, selected through the purposive sampling method, is comprised of 200 adults (men = 100 and women = 100), with an age range of 18–60 years (M = 28, SD = 5.5), spanning all stages of life. The Cronbach's alpha reliability and factorial validity of the OAS were assessed through confirmatory factor analysis and Pearson correlation analyses. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability (at a two-week interval) were used to evaluate the reliability. Statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 22) software.

Preliminary analysis revealed that the overall instrument had good internal consistency (Urdu OAS a = 0.91; English OAS a = 0.92) as well as test–retest correlation coefficients for 15 days (r = 0.88). The factor loading of all items ranged from 0.69 to 0.9, which explained the significant level and indicated the model's overall goodness of fit.

Findings suggest that this scale has significant psychometric properties and the potential to be used as a valid, reliable and cost-effective clinical and research instrument. This study contributes to scientific knowledge and helps to develop and test indigenous cross-cultural instruments that can be used to examine external shame in Pakistani people.

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Cultural adaptation and validation of the Others as Shamer scale: a barrier to effective health-care assessment10.1108/IJHRH-05-2022-0039International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2022-10-05© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedMahvia GullMuhammad AqeelAniqa KanwalKamran KhanTanvir AkhtarInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2022-10-0510.1108/IJHRH-05-2022-0039https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-05-2022-0039/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Mental health of university students of Pakistan and Germany and the right to health carehttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-05-2022-0040/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestPoor mental health in men and women is attributable to disparities in physical traits, social roles, power and health-seeking behaviours. This study aims to examine the gender differences in mental health among Pakistan and German university students and focuses on their right to seek mental health care. Data on depression, anxiety and stress symptoms, as well as positive mental health (PMH), resilience, social support and life satisfaction, were gathered from Pakistani and German students. In contrast to the Pakistani group, where no such gender differences were seen, women in Germany reported higher degrees of stress, anxiety and depression, as well as a lower level of overall good mental health. In comparison to German men and women, Pakistani women scored equally high on resilience. While gender had no bearing on life happiness in either Pakistan or Germany, women in both countries perceived more social support than men did. The study’s strengths include its large sample size and battery of mental health measures. The results of partial weak measurement Invariance (MI) on the stress subscale underlined the importance of using MI in cross-cultural studies. The validity of a direct comparisons on sum score between different language versions or country samples shall be cautious. Still, there are limitations. Firstly, the authors did not differentiate gender and biological sex, and there was no group of non-binary gender. Pakistani (N = 1,840) and German (N = 7,890) students were in unequal numbers. Again, only university students were sampled, so the results cannot be generalised to older (probably less educated) populations. Self-reported data that mainly obtained via online survey were the third limitation. This design is cost-effective and easy to administer for cross-cultural survey research. However, social desirability and memory bias are common in self-report inventories. Fourthly, although English is an official language in Pakistan and the medium of instruction in education, the authors recommend future study to use questionnaires that have been translated and validated into Urdu (Pakistan’s national language) and investigate gender differences in a general population. Fifthly, this is a cross-sectional survey; the authors were not able to explore the causality or risk factors that contribute to the poor mental well-being in Pakistan students in general or the relatively worse mental health in German women. Future studies may investigate the mechanism behind the phenomena observed in this study with longitudinal or experimental design. Last but not least, Germany and Pakistan differ in so many different aspects from culture, religions and history to social structure and economic status, which make it hard to claim whether the observed differences were due to national differences, cultural differences, economic differences, gender inequality differences or other effects. It would be helpful for future studies to include more country samples with clear definitions of different “culture” aspects for a better understanding of gender differences in other countries and in different mental well-being constructs. The current study is the first attempt to compare the gender difference patterns in positive and negative mental health between European and South Asian counties and focuses on gender-specific approaches. Although Pakistani university students reported in general worse mental well-being, the differences between the two genders in mental health (e.g. depression, anxiety, general PMH) were not as pronounced as in the German student sample. Gender comparisons in these mental health constructs would help to improve protective factors against mental illness and to develop appropriate management programmes based on cultural differences. The results suggest that the gender differences found in western countries cannot always be directly translated into the South Asian cultural framework. Our results also highlight the importance of improving the general situation of Pakistan (students) instead of focusing on one gender. At the same time, in Germany, prevention and intervention plans are more warranted for women. It could be that once the general situation in Pakistan is improved, the gender-related differences in mental health will be clearly observed. These findings imply the significance of cultural context when inferring gender variations in mental health. Moreover, it supports the advancement of comprehensive policies to reduce gender-related mental health inequalities and focuses on the equal rights of men and women to get mental health care.Mental health of university students of Pakistan and Germany and the right to health care
Akhtar Bibi, Muyu Lin, Julia Brailovskaia, Jürgen Margraf
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Poor mental health in men and women is attributable to disparities in physical traits, social roles, power and health-seeking behaviours. This study aims to examine the gender differences in mental health among Pakistan and German university students and focuses on their right to seek mental health care.

Data on depression, anxiety and stress symptoms, as well as positive mental health (PMH), resilience, social support and life satisfaction, were gathered from Pakistani and German students.

In contrast to the Pakistani group, where no such gender differences were seen, women in Germany reported higher degrees of stress, anxiety and depression, as well as a lower level of overall good mental health. In comparison to German men and women, Pakistani women scored equally high on resilience. While gender had no bearing on life happiness in either Pakistan or Germany, women in both countries perceived more social support than men did.

The study’s strengths include its large sample size and battery of mental health measures. The results of partial weak measurement Invariance (MI) on the stress subscale underlined the importance of using MI in cross-cultural studies. The validity of a direct comparisons on sum score between different language versions or country samples shall be cautious. Still, there are limitations. Firstly, the authors did not differentiate gender and biological sex, and there was no group of non-binary gender. Pakistani (N = 1,840) and German (N = 7,890) students were in unequal numbers. Again, only university students were sampled, so the results cannot be generalised to older (probably less educated) populations. Self-reported data that mainly obtained via online survey were the third limitation. This design is cost-effective and easy to administer for cross-cultural survey research. However, social desirability and memory bias are common in self-report inventories. Fourthly, although English is an official language in Pakistan and the medium of instruction in education, the authors recommend future study to use questionnaires that have been translated and validated into Urdu (Pakistan’s national language) and investigate gender differences in a general population. Fifthly, this is a cross-sectional survey; the authors were not able to explore the causality or risk factors that contribute to the poor mental well-being in Pakistan students in general or the relatively worse mental health in German women. Future studies may investigate the mechanism behind the phenomena observed in this study with longitudinal or experimental design. Last but not least, Germany and Pakistan differ in so many different aspects from culture, religions and history to social structure and economic status, which make it hard to claim whether the observed differences were due to national differences, cultural differences, economic differences, gender inequality differences or other effects. It would be helpful for future studies to include more country samples with clear definitions of different “culture” aspects for a better understanding of gender differences in other countries and in different mental well-being constructs.

The current study is the first attempt to compare the gender difference patterns in positive and negative mental health between European and South Asian counties and focuses on gender-specific approaches. Although Pakistani university students reported in general worse mental well-being, the differences between the two genders in mental health (e.g. depression, anxiety, general PMH) were not as pronounced as in the German student sample. Gender comparisons in these mental health constructs would help to improve protective factors against mental illness and to develop appropriate management programmes based on cultural differences. The results suggest that the gender differences found in western countries cannot always be directly translated into the South Asian cultural framework. Our results also highlight the importance of improving the general situation of Pakistan (students) instead of focusing on one gender. At the same time, in Germany, prevention and intervention plans are more warranted for women. It could be that once the general situation in Pakistan is improved, the gender-related differences in mental health will be clearly observed.

These findings imply the significance of cultural context when inferring gender variations in mental health. Moreover, it supports the advancement of comprehensive policies to reduce gender-related mental health inequalities and focuses on the equal rights of men and women to get mental health care.

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Mental health of university students of Pakistan and Germany and the right to health care10.1108/IJHRH-05-2022-0040International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2023-05-05© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedAkhtar BibiMuyu LinJulia BrailovskaiaJürgen MargrafInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-05-0510.1108/IJHRH-05-2022-0040https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-05-2022-0040/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Aging is inevitable: understanding aging anxiety related to physical symptomology and quality of life with the mediating role of self-esteem in adultshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-05-2022-0047/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to examine the relationship between aging anxiety, self-esteem, physical symptomology and quality of life in early and middle adults as well as to explore the mediating role of self-esteem. A cross-sectional study was designed, and a sample of N= 700 educated men and women aged between 35 and 65 years were taken through purposive sampling. Anxiety about Aging Scale, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, The World Health Organization Quality of Life – BREF and Somatic Symptom Scale-8 were used for assessment. Research suggests that an increase in aging anxiety leads to poor quality of life and lower self-esteem. Additionally, a negative relationship was observed between aging anxiety and physical symptomology. Self-esteem plays a mediating role significantly in these relationships. The study highlighted the adverse effects of aging anxiety on the basis of which strategies can be devised to cope with it as well as to improve the self-esteem and quality of life in transition age. These findings can also aid in providing health care and public services in later adulthood. This study also emphasizes on aging as a human right rather than merely a process such as the human right for physical health and mental health. This study provides a new outlook and perspective toward how the phenomenon of aging impacts the lives of adults who are about to enter older adulthood in a few years. The fears related to aging influence physical and mental health, due to which it is necessary to investigate the effect of aging anxiety.Aging is inevitable: understanding aging anxiety related to physical symptomology and quality of life with the mediating role of self-esteem in adults
Rowaida Yawar, Soulat Khan, Maryam Rafiq, Nimra Fawad, Sundas Shams, Saher Navid, Muhammad Abdullah Khan, Nabiha Taufiq, Areesha Touqir, Moazma Imran, Tayyab Ali Butt
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to examine the relationship between aging anxiety, self-esteem, physical symptomology and quality of life in early and middle adults as well as to explore the mediating role of self-esteem.

A cross-sectional study was designed, and a sample of N= 700 educated men and women aged between 35 and 65 years were taken through purposive sampling. Anxiety about Aging Scale, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, The World Health Organization Quality of Life – BREF and Somatic Symptom Scale-8 were used for assessment.

Research suggests that an increase in aging anxiety leads to poor quality of life and lower self-esteem. Additionally, a negative relationship was observed between aging anxiety and physical symptomology. Self-esteem plays a mediating role significantly in these relationships.

The study highlighted the adverse effects of aging anxiety on the basis of which strategies can be devised to cope with it as well as to improve the self-esteem and quality of life in transition age. These findings can also aid in providing health care and public services in later adulthood. This study also emphasizes on aging as a human right rather than merely a process such as the human right for physical health and mental health.

This study provides a new outlook and perspective toward how the phenomenon of aging impacts the lives of adults who are about to enter older adulthood in a few years. The fears related to aging influence physical and mental health, due to which it is necessary to investigate the effect of aging anxiety.

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Aging is inevitable: understanding aging anxiety related to physical symptomology and quality of life with the mediating role of self-esteem in adults10.1108/IJHRH-05-2022-0047International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2022-09-16© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedRowaida YawarSoulat KhanMaryam RafiqNimra FawadSundas ShamsSaher NavidMuhammad Abdullah KhanNabiha TaufiqAreesha TouqirMoazma ImranTayyab Ali ButtInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2022-09-1610.1108/IJHRH-05-2022-0047https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-05-2022-0047/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Corona-phobia violated human rights? Impact of COVID-19 on patient’s well-beinghttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-05-2022-0048/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to measure whether admittance in the quarantine ward due to COVID-19 can affect one’s mental health. Nowadays, many countries worldwide are battling with the threat of the COVID-19 contagion, and it is difficult to understand how the pandemic leaves psychological impacts on one’s well-being. This research used qualitative and quantitative approaches to assess the psychological impacts of quarantine due to COVID-19. Population of the present study were 250 patients who were admitted in quarantine centres of Pakistan. The data analysis was conducted through univariate analysis using (ANVOVA) software. This study found that patients who were quarantined due to the COVID-19 infection displayed multiple psychological symptoms such as a lack of self-control, anxiety, low general health and vitality, depression and negative well-being. There is an urgency to provide psychological treatments to each afflicted person and their family members to establish a healthy community. This research investigates whether admittance in the quarantine ward due to COVID-19 can affect mental health in Pakistan.Corona-phobia violated human rights? Impact of COVID-19 on patient’s well-being
Saqib Amin, Waqas Mehmood, Attia Aman-Ullah, Mujahid Ameen Khan
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to measure whether admittance in the quarantine ward due to COVID-19 can affect one’s mental health. Nowadays, many countries worldwide are battling with the threat of the COVID-19 contagion, and it is difficult to understand how the pandemic leaves psychological impacts on one’s well-being.

This research used qualitative and quantitative approaches to assess the psychological impacts of quarantine due to COVID-19. Population of the present study were 250 patients who were admitted in quarantine centres of Pakistan. The data analysis was conducted through univariate analysis using (ANVOVA) software.

This study found that patients who were quarantined due to the COVID-19 infection displayed multiple psychological symptoms such as a lack of self-control, anxiety, low general health and vitality, depression and negative well-being.

There is an urgency to provide psychological treatments to each afflicted person and their family members to establish a healthy community.

This research investigates whether admittance in the quarantine ward due to COVID-19 can affect mental health in Pakistan.

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Corona-phobia violated human rights? Impact of COVID-19 on patient’s well-being10.1108/IJHRH-05-2022-0048International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2022-12-08© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedSaqib AminWaqas MehmoodAttia Aman-UllahMujahid Ameen KhanInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2022-12-0810.1108/IJHRH-05-2022-0048https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-05-2022-0048/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Restrictive human rights measures against the spread of COVID-19: an interdisciplinary approach between law and health-care managementhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-05-2022-0049/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the close relationship between the disciplines of law and health-care studies. This interrelation has become particularly evident during the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, when restrictive human rights provisions have been initiated by many states for the sake of public health. Research focuses on the notional proximity of the principle of proportionality and its health-care correlative: effectiveness. It also goes through the influence of acceptance rates for the application of restrictive measures. Research focuses on interdisciplinary literature review, taking into consideration judicial decisions and data on acceptance rates of restrictive human rights measures in particular. Analysis goes in depth when two categories of restrictive human rights measures against the spread of the pandemic are examined in depth: restrictive measures to achieve social distancing and mandatory vaccination of professional groups. Restrictive human rights measures for reasons of public health are strongly affected by the need for effective health-care systems. This argument is verified by judicial decision-making which relies to the necessity of health-care effectiveness to a great extent. The COVID-19 pandemic offers a laminate example of the two disciplines’ interrelation and how they infiltrate each other. Further implications for research point at the need to institutionalize a cooperative scheme between legal and health-care decision-making, given that this interrelation is strong. The originality of this paper lies on the interdisciplinary approach between law and health-care studies. It explains how state policies during the pandemic were shaped based on the concepts of effectiveness and proportionality.Restrictive human rights measures against the spread of COVID-19: an interdisciplinary approach between law and health-care management
Ioanna Pervou, Panagiotis Mpogiatzidis
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the close relationship between the disciplines of law and health-care studies. This interrelation has become particularly evident during the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, when restrictive human rights provisions have been initiated by many states for the sake of public health. Research focuses on the notional proximity of the principle of proportionality and its health-care correlative: effectiveness. It also goes through the influence of acceptance rates for the application of restrictive measures.

Research focuses on interdisciplinary literature review, taking into consideration judicial decisions and data on acceptance rates of restrictive human rights measures in particular. Analysis goes in depth when two categories of restrictive human rights measures against the spread of the pandemic are examined in depth: restrictive measures to achieve social distancing and mandatory vaccination of professional groups.

Restrictive human rights measures for reasons of public health are strongly affected by the need for effective health-care systems. This argument is verified by judicial decision-making which relies to the necessity of health-care effectiveness to a great extent. The COVID-19 pandemic offers a laminate example of the two disciplines’ interrelation and how they infiltrate each other.

Further implications for research point at the need to institutionalize a cooperative scheme between legal and health-care decision-making, given that this interrelation is strong.

The originality of this paper lies on the interdisciplinary approach between law and health-care studies. It explains how state policies during the pandemic were shaped based on the concepts of effectiveness and proportionality.

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Restrictive human rights measures against the spread of COVID-19: an interdisciplinary approach between law and health-care management10.1108/IJHRH-05-2022-0049International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2023-04-07© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedIoanna PervouPanagiotis MpogiatzidisInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-04-0710.1108/IJHRH-05-2022-0049https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-05-2022-0049/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Safeguarding human rights to health: a systematic review of supply chain impediments to safe medicines in developing nationshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-05-2023-0036/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestA key feature of human rights in health is access to safe, effective and affordable medicines. Pharmacovigilance is advocated for monitoring intended/unintended effects of medicines to assure their safety. The purpose of this paper is to synthesize knowledge about supply chain impediments to safe medicines in developing nations and contribute to future development of research in this field. This paper conducts a structured literature review based on Preferred Reporting Items for the Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. It aims at profiling supply chain impediments to safe medicines in developing nations by reviewing 46 recent pharmacovigilance-specific papers published between 2005 and 2020. Analysis of reviewed articles identified criticality of supply chain impediments that affect constituents across pharmaceutical in developing nations, which still struggle to maintain robust national pharmacovigilance systems due to lack of awareness, policy and practices. Research results can be applied by pharmaceutical industry decision-makers and drug safety professionals in developing nations. Because the review is qualitative in nature, its implication ought to be tested after actual implementation. This review can help identify underinvestigated impediments and methods to aid in developing new pharmacovigilance knowledge areas in developing nation context. The review uncovers gaps in global health equity dialogue in developing nations. It also recognizes that macrolevel supply chain impediments exist due to unfair disease burden and health inequities in developing nations. The paper examines supply chain impediments to safe medicines in developing nations with insights for future pharmacovigilance research. Identifying and classifying supply chain impediments through this review is the first step toward creating effective interventions for these impediments to safe medicines.Safeguarding human rights to health: a systematic review of supply chain impediments to safe medicines in developing nations
Arvinder P.S. Loomba
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

A key feature of human rights in health is access to safe, effective and affordable medicines. Pharmacovigilance is advocated for monitoring intended/unintended effects of medicines to assure their safety. The purpose of this paper is to synthesize knowledge about supply chain impediments to safe medicines in developing nations and contribute to future development of research in this field.

This paper conducts a structured literature review based on Preferred Reporting Items for the Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. It aims at profiling supply chain impediments to safe medicines in developing nations by reviewing 46 recent pharmacovigilance-specific papers published between 2005 and 2020.

Analysis of reviewed articles identified criticality of supply chain impediments that affect constituents across pharmaceutical in developing nations, which still struggle to maintain robust national pharmacovigilance systems due to lack of awareness, policy and practices.

Research results can be applied by pharmaceutical industry decision-makers and drug safety professionals in developing nations. Because the review is qualitative in nature, its implication ought to be tested after actual implementation.

This review can help identify underinvestigated impediments and methods to aid in developing new pharmacovigilance knowledge areas in developing nation context.

The review uncovers gaps in global health equity dialogue in developing nations. It also recognizes that macrolevel supply chain impediments exist due to unfair disease burden and health inequities in developing nations.

The paper examines supply chain impediments to safe medicines in developing nations with insights for future pharmacovigilance research. Identifying and classifying supply chain impediments through this review is the first step toward creating effective interventions for these impediments to safe medicines.

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Safeguarding human rights to health: a systematic review of supply chain impediments to safe medicines in developing nations10.1108/IJHRH-05-2023-0036International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2023-08-31© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedArvinder P.S. LoombaInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-08-3110.1108/IJHRH-05-2023-0036https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-05-2023-0036/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Sandstone mining and silicosis deaths in Rajasthan: a critical legal and policy analysishttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-05-2023-0037/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe extant literature underlines the inadequacies of legal and policy frameworks addressing the safety and health concerns of sandstone mineworkers in India. Notably, Rajasthan, a state renowned for its extractive industries, mirrors these concerns. Against this backdrop, this paper aims to critically evaluate the relevant legal and policy landscape, with an emphasis on the recent central statute: the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code of 2020 (OSHWCC). Given that the Code subsumes the key legislation pertaining to the safety and health of mineworkers, an in-depth critical analysis is essential to forge suitable policy interventions to address continued gross violations of human rights. The critical analysis of legal and policy frameworks on silicosis in sandstone mineworkers is based on a comprehensive reading of existing literature. The literature includes relevant laws, case law, reports of the Rajasthan State Human Rights Commission and National Human Rights Commission, publicly available data and key scholarly contributions in the field. Although the OSHWCC has made some changes to the existing regulatory architecture of mines in India, it has failed to safeguard the safety and health of mineworkers. Notably, the vast majority of mines in India – constituting approximately 90%, which are informal, seasonal and small-scale – remain beyond the jurisdiction of this Code. In Rajasthan, there are specific policies on silicosis, but these policies are poorly implemented. There is a serious shortage of doctors to diagnose silicosis cases, leading to under-diagnosis. The compensation for silicosis victims is insufficient; the distribution mechanism is complex and often delayed. The central and many state governments have not established the regulatory institutions envisaged under the OSHWCC 2020; therefore, the working of the regulatory institutions could not be critically examined. The paper critically evaluates laws and policies pertaining to silicosis in sandstone mineworkers, with a special emphasis on the state of Rajasthan. It offers a comprehensive critique of the OSHWCC of 2020, which has not received much attention from previous studies.Sandstone mining and silicosis deaths in Rajasthan: a critical legal and policy analysis
Shamim Mohammad, Shivaraj Huchhanavar, Hifzur Rahman, Tariq Sultan Pasha
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The extant literature underlines the inadequacies of legal and policy frameworks addressing the safety and health concerns of sandstone mineworkers in India. Notably, Rajasthan, a state renowned for its extractive industries, mirrors these concerns. Against this backdrop, this paper aims to critically evaluate the relevant legal and policy landscape, with an emphasis on the recent central statute: the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code of 2020 (OSHWCC). Given that the Code subsumes the key legislation pertaining to the safety and health of mineworkers, an in-depth critical analysis is essential to forge suitable policy interventions to address continued gross violations of human rights.

The critical analysis of legal and policy frameworks on silicosis in sandstone mineworkers is based on a comprehensive reading of existing literature. The literature includes relevant laws, case law, reports of the Rajasthan State Human Rights Commission and National Human Rights Commission, publicly available data and key scholarly contributions in the field.

Although the OSHWCC has made some changes to the existing regulatory architecture of mines in India, it has failed to safeguard the safety and health of mineworkers. Notably, the vast majority of mines in India – constituting approximately 90%, which are informal, seasonal and small-scale – remain beyond the jurisdiction of this Code. In Rajasthan, there are specific policies on silicosis, but these policies are poorly implemented. There is a serious shortage of doctors to diagnose silicosis cases, leading to under-diagnosis. The compensation for silicosis victims is insufficient; the distribution mechanism is complex and often delayed.

The central and many state governments have not established the regulatory institutions envisaged under the OSHWCC 2020; therefore, the working of the regulatory institutions could not be critically examined.

The paper critically evaluates laws and policies pertaining to silicosis in sandstone mineworkers, with a special emphasis on the state of Rajasthan. It offers a comprehensive critique of the OSHWCC of 2020, which has not received much attention from previous studies.

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Sandstone mining and silicosis deaths in Rajasthan: a critical legal and policy analysis10.1108/IJHRH-05-2023-0037International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2023-11-27© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedShamim MohammadShivaraj HuchhanavarHifzur RahmanTariq Sultan PashaInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-11-2710.1108/IJHRH-05-2023-0037https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-05-2023-0037/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Midwifery students’ perceptions on ethical rights of women using assisted reproductive technologieshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-05-2023-0041/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to understand how midwifery students view ethical rights concerning the usage of reproductive technologies. A series of focus groups were conducted with midwifery students who were asked to discuss four novel scenarios highlighting some of the most controversial issues on the ethics of assisted reproductive technologies. The sample consisted of third-year students studying at the Department of Midwifery of a university in the fall semester of the 2020–2021 academic year. In total, 60 students aged between 20 and 23 participated in the study (mean age 21.5 years). Four scenarios that may be encountered in the use of assisted reproductive techniques were presented to the students. These scenarios were about IVF treatment, using the preimplantation gender identification technique, surrogate mother and using frozen zygotes. Four themes were identified from the analysis of the focus group data related to all four scenarios. These themes were: female reproduction, sex selection, surrogacy and reproductive cloning. This study reveals what midwifery students consider essential components of assisted reproduction techniques, focusing on the professional attributes of shared decision-making. The results suggest that student midwives are sensitive to the range of ethical dilemmas associated with the increased use of technology in human reproduction, and construct distinct bound arise in relation to what is considered of benefit or good to the mother, parents, the child and to society. They also expressed their opposition to the excessive use of technological intervention, preferring instead to maintain a more naturalistic approach to reproduction.Midwifery students’ perceptions on ethical rights of women using assisted reproductive technologies
Sibel Ejder Tekgündüz, Ayşe Gürol, Serap Ejder Apay
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to understand how midwifery students view ethical rights concerning the usage of reproductive technologies.

A series of focus groups were conducted with midwifery students who were asked to discuss four novel scenarios highlighting some of the most controversial issues on the ethics of assisted reproductive technologies. The sample consisted of third-year students studying at the Department of Midwifery of a university in the fall semester of the 2020–2021 academic year. In total, 60 students aged between 20 and 23 participated in the study (mean age 21.5 years).

Four scenarios that may be encountered in the use of assisted reproductive techniques were presented to the students. These scenarios were about IVF treatment, using the preimplantation gender identification technique, surrogate mother and using frozen zygotes. Four themes were identified from the analysis of the focus group data related to all four scenarios. These themes were: female reproduction, sex selection, surrogacy and reproductive cloning.

This study reveals what midwifery students consider essential components of assisted reproduction techniques, focusing on the professional attributes of shared decision-making. The results suggest that student midwives are sensitive to the range of ethical dilemmas associated with the increased use of technology in human reproduction, and construct distinct bound arise in relation to what is considered of benefit or good to the mother, parents, the child and to society. They also expressed their opposition to the excessive use of technological intervention, preferring instead to maintain a more naturalistic approach to reproduction.

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Midwifery students’ perceptions on ethical rights of women using assisted reproductive technologies10.1108/IJHRH-05-2023-0041International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2023-11-27© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedSibel Ejder TekgündüzAyşe GürolSerap Ejder ApayInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-11-2710.1108/IJHRH-05-2023-0041https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-05-2023-0041/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
The current quality criteria of MRI reports distributed to healthcare stakeholders in Jordanhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-06-2021-0132/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestMany international radiology societies, including American College of Radiologists (ACR), have established guidelines for optimum forms and contents of medical imaging reports to ensure high quality and to guarantee the satisfaction of both the referring physician and the patient. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the criteria of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports in Jordan according to the standards of the ACR. This cross-sectional study was conducted in early January 2021 for two weeks. An invitation letter was sent to 85 MRI centers of various health-care sectors in Jordan to participate in the study. Each invitee was requested to send at least ten different MRI reports. The study used a questionnaire containing the checklist of the latest edition 2020 of ACR’s practice parameter to communicate the diagnostic imaging results and the demographic information of the participating MRI centers. Seven basic elements were assessed for content-related quality of MRI reports, which are administrative data, patient demographics, clinical history, imaging procedures, clinical symptoms, imaging observations and impressions. Statistical analyses were used to evaluate the data. Forty-one MRI centers participated in the study with 386 different MRI exam reports. The majority (92%) of the reports were computer-generated. Free texted unstructured reports and head-structured reports had an almost equal percentage of around 40%. Exam and radiologist demography as well as exam findings criteria were 100% available in all reports. The percentage of exam conclusion, and exam description and techniques were 2% and 4.9%, respectively (N = 368). There was a positive association between computer-generated reports and the presence of picture archiving and communication systems (PACS)/health information systems r = 0.443. Structured and free text unstructured reporting were the common types of MRI exam reports in Jordan. Handwriting exam reporting existed in few MRI centers, particularly in those that had no PACS and radiology information systems.The current quality criteria of MRI reports distributed to healthcare stakeholders in Jordan
Mohammad Ayasrah
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Many international radiology societies, including American College of Radiologists (ACR), have established guidelines for optimum forms and contents of medical imaging reports to ensure high quality and to guarantee the satisfaction of both the referring physician and the patient. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the criteria of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports in Jordan according to the standards of the ACR.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in early January 2021 for two weeks. An invitation letter was sent to 85 MRI centers of various health-care sectors in Jordan to participate in the study. Each invitee was requested to send at least ten different MRI reports. The study used a questionnaire containing the checklist of the latest edition 2020 of ACR’s practice parameter to communicate the diagnostic imaging results and the demographic information of the participating MRI centers. Seven basic elements were assessed for content-related quality of MRI reports, which are administrative data, patient demographics, clinical history, imaging procedures, clinical symptoms, imaging observations and impressions. Statistical analyses were used to evaluate the data.

Forty-one MRI centers participated in the study with 386 different MRI exam reports. The majority (92%) of the reports were computer-generated. Free texted unstructured reports and head-structured reports had an almost equal percentage of around 40%. Exam and radiologist demography as well as exam findings criteria were 100% available in all reports. The percentage of exam conclusion, and exam description and techniques were 2% and 4.9%, respectively (N = 368). There was a positive association between computer-generated reports and the presence of picture archiving and communication systems (PACS)/health information systems r = 0.443.

Structured and free text unstructured reporting were the common types of MRI exam reports in Jordan. Handwriting exam reporting existed in few MRI centers, particularly in those that had no PACS and radiology information systems.

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The current quality criteria of MRI reports distributed to healthcare stakeholders in Jordan10.1108/IJHRH-06-2021-0132International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2021-09-27© 2021 Emerald Publishing LimitedMohammad AyasrahInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2021-09-2710.1108/IJHRH-06-2021-0132https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-06-2021-0132/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited
Measurement and evaluation the impact of perceived healthcare service quality on guest loyalty during COVID-19https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-06-2021-0134/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe aim of the study is to investigate the effects of perceived healthcare service quality (human aspects, technical aspects and tangible aspects) on satisfaction and guest loyalty in the hotel industry in the COVID-19 pandemic era. A total of 130 guests in the hotel were selected purposively in Iraq. Data from self-administered questionnaires were analyzed through the VB-SEM statistical technique using Smart-PLS software towards testing the hypotheses. The findings indicated that perceived service quality influences satisfaction and guest loyalty of guests in the hotel. This study reveals that human aspects, technical aspects and tangible aspects directly positively affect satisfaction and guest loyalty in the hotel industry. This study highlights that perceived service quality (human aspects, technical aspects and tangible aspects) are vital and practical strategic tools that could be positioned to accelerate guest loyalty in the hotel industry. Furthermore, satisfaction mediates the relationship between human aspects, technical aspects, tangible aspects and guest loyalty.Measurement and evaluation the impact of perceived healthcare service quality on guest loyalty during COVID-19
Husam Jasim Mohammed, Qasim Ali Mohammed, Mustafa Hatwan Rhima
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of perceived healthcare service quality (human aspects, technical aspects and tangible aspects) on satisfaction and guest loyalty in the hotel industry in the COVID-19 pandemic era.

A total of 130 guests in the hotel were selected purposively in Iraq. Data from self-administered questionnaires were analyzed through the VB-SEM statistical technique using Smart-PLS software towards testing the hypotheses.

The findings indicated that perceived service quality influences satisfaction and guest loyalty of guests in the hotel. This study reveals that human aspects, technical aspects and tangible aspects directly positively affect satisfaction and guest loyalty in the hotel industry.

This study highlights that perceived service quality (human aspects, technical aspects and tangible aspects) are vital and practical strategic tools that could be positioned to accelerate guest loyalty in the hotel industry. Furthermore, satisfaction mediates the relationship between human aspects, technical aspects, tangible aspects and guest loyalty.

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Measurement and evaluation the impact of perceived healthcare service quality on guest loyalty during COVID-1910.1108/IJHRH-06-2021-0134International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2021-08-30© 2021 Emerald Publishing LimitedHusam Jasim MohammedQasim Ali MohammedMustafa Hatwan RhimaInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2021-08-3010.1108/IJHRH-06-2021-0134https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-06-2021-0134/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited
Psychosocial indicators of suicidal ideation among acid attack survivorshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-06-2022-0056/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to probe the relationship of facial disfigurement, stigmatization, burdensome, hopelessness and suicidal ideation in acid attack survivors and to scrutinize the mediating role of perceived burdensome and hopelessness in connection between facial disfigurement, social stigmatization and suicidal ideation among acid attack survivors. Data was collected from Holy Family Hospital which is located in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, Acid Survivors Foundation and social media sites. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect the sample. Sample comprised of N = 74 acid attack survivors. English version of discrimination and stigma scale, interpersonal needs questionnaire perceived burdensome scale, suicidal ideation attributes scale, Beck hopelessness scale and observer-rated facial disfigurement scale were used for the assessment. Statistical analysis includes correlation and mediation analysis through process macro. Results indicated significant positive relationship between facial disfigurements, unfair treatment, stopping self and perceived burdensome with suicidal ideation, whereas overcoming stigma, hopelessness and positive treatment present a negative relationship with suicidal ideation. Results of the current study also showed that burdensome and hopelessness appear as significant mediator in association between facial disfigurement, social discrimination and suicidal ideation. This study provides the awareness about how by decreasing the hopelessness and perceived burdensome and resolving social stigmatization can minimize suicidal ideation and risks accompanying it. This research covers a topic that violates human rights, it is a topic that never gets old and people are still facing its effects.Psychosocial indicators of suicidal ideation among acid attack survivors
Shakeela Asif, Soulat Khan, Tayyab Ali Butt, Anisa Mehmood, Aimen Zulfiqar, Tahira Mubashar
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to probe the relationship of facial disfigurement, stigmatization, burdensome, hopelessness and suicidal ideation in acid attack survivors and to scrutinize the mediating role of perceived burdensome and hopelessness in connection between facial disfigurement, social stigmatization and suicidal ideation among acid attack survivors.

Data was collected from Holy Family Hospital which is located in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, Acid Survivors Foundation and social media sites. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect the sample. Sample comprised of N = 74 acid attack survivors. English version of discrimination and stigma scale, interpersonal needs questionnaire perceived burdensome scale, suicidal ideation attributes scale, Beck hopelessness scale and observer-rated facial disfigurement scale were used for the assessment. Statistical analysis includes correlation and mediation analysis through process macro.

Results indicated significant positive relationship between facial disfigurements, unfair treatment, stopping self and perceived burdensome with suicidal ideation, whereas overcoming stigma, hopelessness and positive treatment present a negative relationship with suicidal ideation. Results of the current study also showed that burdensome and hopelessness appear as significant mediator in association between facial disfigurement, social discrimination and suicidal ideation. This study provides the awareness about how by decreasing the hopelessness and perceived burdensome and resolving social stigmatization can minimize suicidal ideation and risks accompanying it.

This research covers a topic that violates human rights, it is a topic that never gets old and people are still facing its effects.

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Psychosocial indicators of suicidal ideation among acid attack survivors10.1108/IJHRH-06-2022-0056International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2022-10-10© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedShakeela AsifSoulat KhanTayyab Ali ButtAnisa MehmoodAimen ZulfiqarTahira MubasharInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2022-10-1010.1108/IJHRH-06-2022-0056https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-06-2022-0056/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
COVID-19 phobia, response to the vaccine and the right of urban migrant dwellers in the Ghanaian slumshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-06-2022-0057/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study investigate urban migrant dwellers’ gender and age differences in response to the specific phobia of COVID-19 and hesitancy toward vaccines in the slum settlements. The study anchored on the two-factor model proposed by Mowrer (1939) and used a quantitative design approach with a convenience sampling method for data gathering among 362 urban migrants residing and working in the cities of Ghana. The study used the Mann–Whitney U test and the regression analysis for the analysis. The result showed that there is a significant difference between males and females in their understanding of economic phobia, thoughts on social phobia and perception level of vaccine hesitancy. Additionally, there is a significant difference between age groups in their level of thoughts of psychological phobia, economic phobia and thoughts of vaccine hesitancy. Finally, the specific of phobias of COVID-19 are significant predictors of vaccine hesitancy. This research is slum-specific, which implies that the outcome cannot be generalized to other geographical settings. The study demonstrates how a pandemic manifests itself to dwellers in slums. The outcome of the study sheds light on how policymakers appreciate the dynamics of the pandemic in a developing country, which may guide future responses to pandemics. The outcome of the study sheds light on how policymakers appreciate the dynamics of the pandemic in a developing country, which may guide future responses to pandemics.COVID-19 phobia, response to the vaccine and the right of urban migrant dwellers in the Ghanaian slums
Anthony Nkrumah Agyabeng, Alexander Preko, Kofi Hilla Avusuglo, Anthony Sumnaya Kumasey, Akwasi Sarfo Kantanka, Mawuli Feglo
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study investigate urban migrant dwellers’ gender and age differences in response to the specific phobia of COVID-19 and hesitancy toward vaccines in the slum settlements.

The study anchored on the two-factor model proposed by Mowrer (1939) and used a quantitative design approach with a convenience sampling method for data gathering among 362 urban migrants residing and working in the cities of Ghana. The study used the Mann–Whitney U test and the regression analysis for the analysis.

The result showed that there is a significant difference between males and females in their understanding of economic phobia, thoughts on social phobia and perception level of vaccine hesitancy. Additionally, there is a significant difference between age groups in their level of thoughts of psychological phobia, economic phobia and thoughts of vaccine hesitancy. Finally, the specific of phobias of COVID-19 are significant predictors of vaccine hesitancy.

This research is slum-specific, which implies that the outcome cannot be generalized to other geographical settings.

The study demonstrates how a pandemic manifests itself to dwellers in slums. The outcome of the study sheds light on how policymakers appreciate the dynamics of the pandemic in a developing country, which may guide future responses to pandemics.

The outcome of the study sheds light on how policymakers appreciate the dynamics of the pandemic in a developing country, which may guide future responses to pandemics.

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COVID-19 phobia, response to the vaccine and the right of urban migrant dwellers in the Ghanaian slums10.1108/IJHRH-06-2022-0057International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2023-01-27© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedAnthony Nkrumah AgyabengAlexander PrekoKofi Hilla AvusugloAnthony Sumnaya KumaseyAkwasi Sarfo KantankaMawuli FegloInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-01-2710.1108/IJHRH-06-2022-0057https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-06-2022-0057/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Protection of intellectual property and human rights during health emergencies: an assessment of the patent waiver proposalhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-06-2022-0064/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestSeveral countries, such as South Africa and India, believe that intellectual property rights (IPRs), including patents, impede the efficient increase in vaccine production to inoculate the global population as they scramble to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic. Their proposal at the World Trade Organization (WTO) to waive these pharmaceutical patents has been met with resistance from a few developed countries, who believe that the abrogation of IPRs is unnecessary, even during a pandemic. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the impact of a potential waiver of medical patents at the WTO versus the status quo of IPR laws in the global economy. This study examines key arguments from economic and moral standpoints regarding the provisions of the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement and other related international agreements and their validity based on the premise of the internalisation of positive externalities posed by vaccines. The effectiveness of the TRIPS agreement in securing medical access is weak on account of the ability of profit-making multinationals to secure IP rights and on account of the Trans-Pacific Partnership, a multilateral agreement that supports patent evergreening and a period of protection on test data which challenges the access to medicines and the fundamental human right to health. This study examines international IPRs through the lens of human rights and proposes a new system that balances the two.Protection of intellectual property and human rights during health emergencies: an assessment of the patent waiver proposal
Vishnu Nambiar, Gayatri Kunte, Varadurga Bhat
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Several countries, such as South Africa and India, believe that intellectual property rights (IPRs), including patents, impede the efficient increase in vaccine production to inoculate the global population as they scramble to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic. Their proposal at the World Trade Organization (WTO) to waive these pharmaceutical patents has been met with resistance from a few developed countries, who believe that the abrogation of IPRs is unnecessary, even during a pandemic. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the impact of a potential waiver of medical patents at the WTO versus the status quo of IPR laws in the global economy.

This study examines key arguments from economic and moral standpoints regarding the provisions of the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement and other related international agreements and their validity based on the premise of the internalisation of positive externalities posed by vaccines.

The effectiveness of the TRIPS agreement in securing medical access is weak on account of the ability of profit-making multinationals to secure IP rights and on account of the Trans-Pacific Partnership, a multilateral agreement that supports patent evergreening and a period of protection on test data which challenges the access to medicines and the fundamental human right to health.

This study examines international IPRs through the lens of human rights and proposes a new system that balances the two.

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Protection of intellectual property and human rights during health emergencies: an assessment of the patent waiver proposal10.1108/IJHRH-06-2022-0064International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2023-01-10© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedVishnu NambiarGayatri KunteVaradurga BhatInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-01-1010.1108/IJHRH-06-2022-0064https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-06-2022-0064/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Forecasting turnover intention: an analysis of psychological factors and perceived organizational support among healthcare professionalshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-06-2023-0043/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestTurnover intention (TOI) has become a severe issue in Saudi Arabia’s health-care system as health professionals leave their organizations. Saudi Arabia’s health-care professionals’ TOI affects the organizations and the patients’ human rights. Therefore, this study aims to assess the factors that affected Saudi Arabia’s health-care professionals’ TOI. This study based its findings on quantitative cross-sectional data. This study’s respondents were health-care professionals working in Saudi Arabia’s public and private health-care institutions. By using path analysis, this study’s findings reveal that, on the one hand, job stress (JS), psychological distress (PD) and perceived work exhaustion (PWE) have positive and significant effects on TOI. On the other hand, perceived organizational support (POS) is a positive and significant predictor of TOI. This study’s findings will help the Saudi Arabian Ministry and policymakers develop policies to encourage health professionals’ perseverance through reducing their JS, PD and PWE and by enhancing POS for health-care staff. Moreover, by controlling the increasing turnover ratio among Saudi Arabia’s health-care professionals, this study’s findings assist in overcoming the violations of human rights. This study’s findings empirically confirm the development of TOI through JS, PD and PWE among Saudi Arabia’s health-care professionals.Forecasting turnover intention: an analysis of psychological factors and perceived organizational support among healthcare professionals
Nadia A. Abdelmegeed Abdelwahed, Mohammed A. Al Doghan, Ummi Naiemah Saraih, Bahadur Ali Soomro
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Turnover intention (TOI) has become a severe issue in Saudi Arabia’s health-care system as health professionals leave their organizations. Saudi Arabia’s health-care professionals’ TOI affects the organizations and the patients’ human rights. Therefore, this study aims to assess the factors that affected Saudi Arabia’s health-care professionals’ TOI.

This study based its findings on quantitative cross-sectional data. This study’s respondents were health-care professionals working in Saudi Arabia’s public and private health-care institutions.

By using path analysis, this study’s findings reveal that, on the one hand, job stress (JS), psychological distress (PD) and perceived work exhaustion (PWE) have positive and significant effects on TOI. On the other hand, perceived organizational support (POS) is a positive and significant predictor of TOI.

This study’s findings will help the Saudi Arabian Ministry and policymakers develop policies to encourage health professionals’ perseverance through reducing their JS, PD and PWE and by enhancing POS for health-care staff. Moreover, by controlling the increasing turnover ratio among Saudi Arabia’s health-care professionals, this study’s findings assist in overcoming the violations of human rights.

This study’s findings empirically confirm the development of TOI through JS, PD and PWE among Saudi Arabia’s health-care professionals.

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Forecasting turnover intention: an analysis of psychological factors and perceived organizational support among healthcare professionals10.1108/IJHRH-06-2023-0043International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2023-11-03© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedNadia A. Abdelmegeed AbdelwahedMohammed A. Al DoghanUmmi Naiemah SaraihBahadur Ali SoomroInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-11-0310.1108/IJHRH-06-2023-0043https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-06-2023-0043/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
The Indonesian national family planning program: progress and remaining challenges in implementing a rights-based approachhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-06-2023-0049/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestIndonesia subscribes to rights-based principles of family planning. However, a chasm between principles and practice has long been noted on a global basis, and progress has not been well-documented. This paper aims to assess the extent to which the Indonesian national family planning program has evolved in a manner that is consistent with rights-based principles. The primary source of data was five Indonesian Demographic Health Surveys undertaken from 1997 to 2017. The analyses were organized around three major categories of family planning-related human rights. Trend analysis and logistic regression were used in analyzing the data. Indonesian women have considerable autonomy in family planning decision, reporting that family planning decisions were mainly made by themselves or jointly with their spouse. Although contraceptive method awareness and demand for family planning are high, Indonesia fares poorly with regard to informed choice in contraceptive method selection. Access to family planning services is comparatively high as judged by contraceptive prevalence, family planning demand satisfaction and unmet need for family planning. However, significant geographic and socioeconomic inequity were observed on many indicators, with eastern Indonesian provinces consistently lagging behind. This paper focuses on married couple, as Indonesia has a restrictive policy to limiting access and information of family planning for other groups, unmarried youth in particular. This paper makes an important contribution to document how effectively the prohuman rights policy orientation toward family planning has been translated into services.The Indonesian national family planning program: progress and remaining challenges in implementing a rights-based approach
Budi Utomo, Sukma Rahayu, Elvira Liyanto, Nohan Arum Romadlona, Dewi Nuryana, Riznawaty Imma Aryanty, Melania Hidayat, Anggraini Sariastuti, Maria Gayatri, Robert Magnani
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Indonesia subscribes to rights-based principles of family planning. However, a chasm between principles and practice has long been noted on a global basis, and progress has not been well-documented. This paper aims to assess the extent to which the Indonesian national family planning program has evolved in a manner that is consistent with rights-based principles.

The primary source of data was five Indonesian Demographic Health Surveys undertaken from 1997 to 2017. The analyses were organized around three major categories of family planning-related human rights. Trend analysis and logistic regression were used in analyzing the data.

Indonesian women have considerable autonomy in family planning decision, reporting that family planning decisions were mainly made by themselves or jointly with their spouse. Although contraceptive method awareness and demand for family planning are high, Indonesia fares poorly with regard to informed choice in contraceptive method selection. Access to family planning services is comparatively high as judged by contraceptive prevalence, family planning demand satisfaction and unmet need for family planning. However, significant geographic and socioeconomic inequity were observed on many indicators, with eastern Indonesian provinces consistently lagging behind.

This paper focuses on married couple, as Indonesia has a restrictive policy to limiting access and information of family planning for other groups, unmarried youth in particular.

This paper makes an important contribution to document how effectively the prohuman rights policy orientation toward family planning has been translated into services.

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The Indonesian national family planning program: progress and remaining challenges in implementing a rights-based approach10.1108/IJHRH-06-2023-0049International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2023-11-20© 2023 Budi Utomo, Sukma Rahayu, Elvira Liyanto, Nohan Arum Romadlona, Dewi Nuryana, Riznawaty Imma Aryanty, Melania Hidayat, Anggraini Sariastuti, Maria Gayatri and Robert Magnani.Budi UtomoSukma RahayuElvira LiyantoNohan Arum RomadlonaDewi NuryanaRiznawaty Imma AryantyMelania HidayatAnggraini SariastutiMaria GayatriRobert MagnaniInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-11-2010.1108/IJHRH-06-2023-0049https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-06-2023-0049/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Budi Utomo, Sukma Rahayu, Elvira Liyanto, Nohan Arum Romadlona, Dewi Nuryana, Riznawaty Imma Aryanty, Melania Hidayat, Anggraini Sariastuti, Maria Gayatri and Robert Magnani.
The effect of justice on hospital workers’ self-efficiency with the mediating role of job stress: a structural equation analysis approachhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-06-2023-0052/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to investigate the effect of the Diamond Justice model on self-efficiency with the mediating role of job stress among the staff of Qazvin hospitals affiliated with Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. This study is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study conducted among the staff of Qazvin hospitals affiliated with Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2020. Sampling was performed using the structural equation method. Data collection tools included three sections: demographic information, justice and self-efficiency questionnaire and job stress questionnaire. Data were finally analyzed using SPSS software version 26 and AMOS version 23 at a significance level of 0.05. The structural equation model’s standard estimation coefficients show that all existing paths are at a significant level. Finally, the regression analysis showed that justice is inversely related to stress level (ß = −0.185, p = 0.015). Justice is directly related with self-efficiency (ß = 0.282, p < 0.001). Justice, stress and self-efficacy have been measured in various studies among health workers. However, a fitting model showing these three variables’ interaction was necessary. Therefore, this study tries to conceptualize the multifaceted relationships of the components of these concepts by presenting a model.The effect of justice on hospital workers’ self-efficiency with the mediating role of job stress: a structural equation analysis approach
Saeideh Moosavi, Mehran Ghalenoei, Aisa Maleki, Rohollah Kalhor
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to investigate the effect of the Diamond Justice model on self-efficiency with the mediating role of job stress among the staff of Qazvin hospitals affiliated with Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. This study is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study conducted among the staff of Qazvin hospitals affiliated with Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2020.

Sampling was performed using the structural equation method. Data collection tools included three sections: demographic information, justice and self-efficiency questionnaire and job stress questionnaire. Data were finally analyzed using SPSS software version 26 and AMOS version 23 at a significance level of 0.05.

The structural equation model’s standard estimation coefficients show that all existing paths are at a significant level. Finally, the regression analysis showed that justice is inversely related to stress level (ß = −0.185, p = 0.015). Justice is directly related with self-efficiency (ß = 0.282, p < 0.001).

Justice, stress and self-efficacy have been measured in various studies among health workers. However, a fitting model showing these three variables’ interaction was necessary. Therefore, this study tries to conceptualize the multifaceted relationships of the components of these concepts by presenting a model.

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The effect of justice on hospital workers’ self-efficiency with the mediating role of job stress: a structural equation analysis approach10.1108/IJHRH-06-2023-0052International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2024-02-07© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedSaeideh MoosaviMehran GhalenoeiAisa MalekiRohollah KalhorInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-0710.1108/IJHRH-06-2023-0052https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-06-2023-0052/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Does digital technology adoption affect COVID-19 health outcomes? A quantitative analysis on the global levelhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-07-2021-0141/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestAdopting digital technology could facilitate the public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Some analysts argue that countries that adopted digital technology in their health sector have managed to control the virus better (Whitelaw et al., 2020). For instance, countries with more comprehensive contact tracing have significantly lower fatality rates (Yalaman et al., 2021). Moreover, World Health Organization (WHO) believes this technology is a crucial enabler for countries to meet the current challenge (WHO. Regional Office for the Western Pacific & University of Melbourne, 2021). In this regard, this study aims to quantitatively find the relationship between the technological advancement of countries and COVID-19 health outcomes, using seven technological indices that measure technological advancement. The authors used the multiple linear regression method to answer the research questions. The first analysis focuses on a cross section of all countries worldwide, and the second focuses on European countries for which weekly death statistics exist after the pandemic. The findings support those countries with more technological abilities managed to control the virus’s mortality better, as evidenced by the negative link between the mortality rate of COVID-19 and the technological factors at the national level. Results also reveal that technology adoption decreases the death risk due to COVID-19 in countries with more elderly people. The authors may argue that technological advancement positively correlates with the number of deaths and diagnosed cases because the authors can better collect data or because the virus spreads due to higher economic and business activities. However, such technological advancement significantly decreases the death risk (lower mortality rate in the first analysis and lower mortality rate for elderly people in the second analysis). Three important conclusions could be made from the results: a lower mortality rate is generally expected for countries adopting advanced technology; technological advancement significantly decreases the death risk for elderly people; and a higher technology adoption level does not necessarily result in fewer diagnosed cases of/death due to COVID-19. Although some studies have focused on e-health applications in the public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic, no studies, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, have tried to quantify its efficacy, most especially on the global level.Does digital technology adoption affect COVID-19 health outcomes? A quantitative analysis on the global level
Faezeh Yazdi, Farzin Rasoulyan, Seyed Reza Mirnezami
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Adopting digital technology could facilitate the public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Some analysts argue that countries that adopted digital technology in their health sector have managed to control the virus better (Whitelaw et al., 2020). For instance, countries with more comprehensive contact tracing have significantly lower fatality rates (Yalaman et al., 2021). Moreover, World Health Organization (WHO) believes this technology is a crucial enabler for countries to meet the current challenge (WHO. Regional Office for the Western Pacific & University of Melbourne, 2021). In this regard, this study aims to quantitatively find the relationship between the technological advancement of countries and COVID-19 health outcomes, using seven technological indices that measure technological advancement.

The authors used the multiple linear regression method to answer the research questions. The first analysis focuses on a cross section of all countries worldwide, and the second focuses on European countries for which weekly death statistics exist after the pandemic.

The findings support those countries with more technological abilities managed to control the virus’s mortality better, as evidenced by the negative link between the mortality rate of COVID-19 and the technological factors at the national level. Results also reveal that technology adoption decreases the death risk due to COVID-19 in countries with more elderly people. The authors may argue that technological advancement positively correlates with the number of deaths and diagnosed cases because the authors can better collect data or because the virus spreads due to higher economic and business activities. However, such technological advancement significantly decreases the death risk (lower mortality rate in the first analysis and lower mortality rate for elderly people in the second analysis).

Three important conclusions could be made from the results: a lower mortality rate is generally expected for countries adopting advanced technology; technological advancement significantly decreases the death risk for elderly people; and a higher technology adoption level does not necessarily result in fewer diagnosed cases of/death due to COVID-19.

Although some studies have focused on e-health applications in the public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic, no studies, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, have tried to quantify its efficacy, most especially on the global level.

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Does digital technology adoption affect COVID-19 health outcomes? A quantitative analysis on the global level10.1108/IJHRH-07-2021-0141International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2022-08-25© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedFaezeh YazdiFarzin RasoulyanSeyed Reza MirnezamiInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2022-08-2510.1108/IJHRH-07-2021-0141https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-07-2021-0141/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Reconsidering the criteria of the healthy house's interior design during crises: COVID-19 pandemic as an examplehttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-07-2021-0142/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe advent of the COVID-19 pandemic brought various and radical changes at the worldwide level. Globally, severe preventive measures were imposed to respond to the crisis such as lockdowns which forced the people to quarantine themselves inside their houses for longer periods. This issue stressed the crucial role of healthy houses in providing the various needs of residents during crises. This study methodology adopted both inductive approach and a Study Application Model to define the Healthy House Criteria and fulfill the study objectives. Under the inductive approach a holistic literature review was undertaken while the Study Application Model implied defining the conception of the overall Criteria of the Healthy House's interior design under the COVID-19. The finding of the study showed some areas needed to improve current healthy house's criteria in terms of its interior design that may be used to cope with potential crises such as the COVID-19. Based on the revealed findings, the researcher suggested a conceptual framework for healthy house's criteria and further research areas. The current research may provide applicable framework for both interior designers and households in terms of how to design and implement a healthy house, which is valid to accommodate residents during potential crises such as the COVID-19.Reconsidering the criteria of the healthy house's interior design during crises: COVID-19 pandemic as an example
Anas Atef Shamaileh
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic brought various and radical changes at the worldwide level. Globally, severe preventive measures were imposed to respond to the crisis such as lockdowns which forced the people to quarantine themselves inside their houses for longer periods. This issue stressed the crucial role of healthy houses in providing the various needs of residents during crises.

This study methodology adopted both inductive approach and a Study Application Model to define the Healthy House Criteria and fulfill the study objectives. Under the inductive approach a holistic literature review was undertaken while the Study Application Model implied defining the conception of the overall Criteria of the Healthy House's interior design under the COVID-19.

The finding of the study showed some areas needed to improve current healthy house's criteria in terms of its interior design that may be used to cope with potential crises such as the COVID-19. Based on the revealed findings, the researcher suggested a conceptual framework for healthy house's criteria and further research areas.

The current research may provide applicable framework for both interior designers and households in terms of how to design and implement a healthy house, which is valid to accommodate residents during potential crises such as the COVID-19.

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Reconsidering the criteria of the healthy house's interior design during crises: COVID-19 pandemic as an example10.1108/IJHRH-07-2021-0142International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2021-09-27© 2021 Emerald Publishing LimitedAnas Atef ShamailehInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2021-09-2710.1108/IJHRH-07-2021-0142https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-07-2021-0142/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited
The impacts of economic sanctions on the performance of hospitals in Iran: implications for human rightshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-07-2021-0151/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestStudies show that economic sanctions have had major negative impacts on health systems during the past years. The aim of this study is to identify the impacts of US sanctions on the performance of public hospitals in Iran. A qualitative research study was conducted between October 2019 and September 2020 in Kermanshah Province, Iran. Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews, lasting between 25 and 90 min, were carried out with 20 participants in seven public hospitals affiliated to the authors’ institution in Kermanshah Province. Inductive thematic analysis was used to identify themes in the data. Five main themes emerged from the analysis: resource management challenges; financial restrictions; interruptions in planning; reductions in the quality of service delivery; and changes in organizational relationships. The results of the present study demonstrate that US economic sanctions have considerably reduced access to necessary medical equipment and medicines for public hospitals in Iran. Policymakers should monitor the distribution of equipment and pharmaceutical products within public hospitals in Iran and take actions to ameliorate shortages during times of economic sanctions.The impacts of economic sanctions on the performance of hospitals in Iran: implications for human rights
Behzad Karami Matin, Shahin Soltani, Sarah Byford, Moslem Soofi, Satar Rezaei, Ali Kazemi-Karyani, Esmaeil Hosseini, Shiva Tolouei Rakhshan
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Studies show that economic sanctions have had major negative impacts on health systems during the past years. The aim of this study is to identify the impacts of US sanctions on the performance of public hospitals in Iran.

A qualitative research study was conducted between October 2019 and September 2020 in Kermanshah Province, Iran. Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews, lasting between 25 and 90 min, were carried out with 20 participants in seven public hospitals affiliated to the authors’ institution in Kermanshah Province. Inductive thematic analysis was used to identify themes in the data.

Five main themes emerged from the analysis: resource management challenges; financial restrictions; interruptions in planning; reductions in the quality of service delivery; and changes in organizational relationships.

The results of the present study demonstrate that US economic sanctions have considerably reduced access to necessary medical equipment and medicines for public hospitals in Iran. Policymakers should monitor the distribution of equipment and pharmaceutical products within public hospitals in Iran and take actions to ameliorate shortages during times of economic sanctions.

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The impacts of economic sanctions on the performance of hospitals in Iran: implications for human rights10.1108/IJHRH-07-2021-0151International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2022-08-18© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedBehzad Karami MatinShahin SoltaniSarah ByfordMoslem SoofiSatar RezaeiAli Kazemi-KaryaniEsmaeil HosseiniShiva Tolouei RakhshanInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2022-08-1810.1108/IJHRH-07-2021-0151https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-07-2021-0151/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Trial by media: evaluating the role of mainstream media and fact-checking agencies during the COVID-19 pandemichttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-07-2022-0070/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this paper is to critically assess the function of the media during the COVID-19 pandemic. It tries to understand how media corporations selectively polish a certain narrative against the other. It will also take into consideration the role of fact-checking agencies and its reliability in determining what is right and wrong. This study uses qualitative methods and relies on secondary data available in academic domains. In this paper, a specific case related with the COVID-19 pandemic is taken up. Conflicting accounts of health professionals both in academic and industry are compared and analysed. Professional integrity of fact-checking agencies as well goes through scrutiny. After conducting a critical analysis, it is observed that media houses have violated certain ethics while presenting news and opinions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Without any consideration of fair presentation, the mainstream media resorted to presenting vaccine hesitancy as conspiracy and deplatformed such voice from the media. This violates one’s freedom to free speech and expression. It is a viewpoint from the side of a free speech abolitionist. Press will realize that it failed in a number of occasions to uphold and protect its ethical values. A study questioning the role of media during the COVID-9 pandemic is rare. In this regard, adequate literature is always a difficulty considering the amount of censorship imposed by health agencies, academic institutions and the media. This particular study is built of limited yet reliable information made available by academicians and independent health professionals. As such, the value of work which focuses on the alternative perspectives is believed to add value to health professionals, policymakers, media professionals and the general population.Trial by media: evaluating the role of mainstream media and fact-checking agencies during the COVID-19 pandemic
Haoginlen Chongloi
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this paper is to critically assess the function of the media during the COVID-19 pandemic. It tries to understand how media corporations selectively polish a certain narrative against the other. It will also take into consideration the role of fact-checking agencies and its reliability in determining what is right and wrong.

This study uses qualitative methods and relies on secondary data available in academic domains. In this paper, a specific case related with the COVID-19 pandemic is taken up. Conflicting accounts of health professionals both in academic and industry are compared and analysed. Professional integrity of fact-checking agencies as well goes through scrutiny.

After conducting a critical analysis, it is observed that media houses have violated certain ethics while presenting news and opinions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Without any consideration of fair presentation, the mainstream media resorted to presenting vaccine hesitancy as conspiracy and deplatformed such voice from the media. This violates one’s freedom to free speech and expression.

It is a viewpoint from the side of a free speech abolitionist.

Press will realize that it failed in a number of occasions to uphold and protect its ethical values.

A study questioning the role of media during the COVID-9 pandemic is rare. In this regard, adequate literature is always a difficulty considering the amount of censorship imposed by health agencies, academic institutions and the media. This particular study is built of limited yet reliable information made available by academicians and independent health professionals. As such, the value of work which focuses on the alternative perspectives is believed to add value to health professionals, policymakers, media professionals and the general population.

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Trial by media: evaluating the role of mainstream media and fact-checking agencies during the COVID-19 pandemic10.1108/IJHRH-07-2022-0070International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2022-10-27© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedHaoginlen ChongloiInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2022-10-2710.1108/IJHRH-07-2022-0070https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-07-2022-0070/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Implementing Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in health care: a scoping reviewhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-07-2022-0080/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this paper is to present the results of a scoping review on the implementation of Article12 in health care. The scoping review will provide a summary and overview of the key concepts and published literature on this topic internationally. Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) states that children have a right to express their views, to have them heard and for their views to be given due weight in all matters that affect them. Despite increased calls for Article 12 to be given attention in health care, there is little evidence to suggest this has been well implemented and embedded in Australian health-care delivery. The scoping review was undertaken to provide a summary and overview of the key concepts and published literature on this topic internationally. A five-step methodological framework described by Arksey and O’Malley (2005) was used to undertake the scoping review. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis was used as a guideline for undertaking the study selection. Children are still not routinely involved in health-care decision-making, are frequently left out of service planning and evaluation and the perception that they lack the capability to make rational decisions persists. While there has been a focus on research that investigates children’s participation in health-care decision-making in recent years, there is little that directs attention specifically to the implementation of Article 12, particularly in Australian health care. Recommendations are made for further research in these areas.Implementing Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in health care: a scoping review
Clare Davies, Donna Waters, Jennifer Anne Fraser
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a scoping review on the implementation of Article12 in health care. The scoping review will provide a summary and overview of the key concepts and published literature on this topic internationally. Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) states that children have a right to express their views, to have them heard and for their views to be given due weight in all matters that affect them. Despite increased calls for Article 12 to be given attention in health care, there is little evidence to suggest this has been well implemented and embedded in Australian health-care delivery. The scoping review was undertaken to provide a summary and overview of the key concepts and published literature on this topic internationally.

A five-step methodological framework described by Arksey and O’Malley (2005) was used to undertake the scoping review. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis was used as a guideline for undertaking the study selection.

Children are still not routinely involved in health-care decision-making, are frequently left out of service planning and evaluation and the perception that they lack the capability to make rational decisions persists.

While there has been a focus on research that investigates children’s participation in health-care decision-making in recent years, there is little that directs attention specifically to the implementation of Article 12, particularly in Australian health care. Recommendations are made for further research in these areas.

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Implementing Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in health care: a scoping review10.1108/IJHRH-07-2022-0080International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2022-12-09© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedClare DaviesDonna WatersJennifer Anne FraserInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2022-12-0910.1108/IJHRH-07-2022-0080https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-07-2022-0080/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
The assessment of national conduct in realizing the right to heath: using the framework of United Nationshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-07-2023-0059/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestHealth is a human right and a fundamental building block of sustainable development, economic prosperity and poverty reduction. To realize people’s right to health, evaluating the situation of the right and its determinants is necessary. This paper aims to analyze Iran’s conduct in realizing its population’s right to health. A qualitative case study design involving a structured review of relevant laws, policy documents, reports and academic literature was undertaken. The data were collected from electronic databases and the official Web pages of the United Nations (UN) and Iran’s Government and analyzed by a framework suggested by the UN. Iran’s law and policies intend to combat health inequalities and to provide an adequate standard of living for everyone, particularly disadvantaged groups and individuals. However, not all laws and policies protecting disadvantaged groups are adequately implemented. There are disparities in health status and access to health care among different socio-economic groups. International economic sanctions and government policies decreased people’s ability to access the necessities of life including health care. Moreover, social determinants of health, such as cultural beliefs regarding women’s rights have not been addressed sufficiently in the country’s laws. This study includes a broad range of subjects and provides an overview of the health-care system of Iran. However, more detail is needed to describe every aspect of the right to health. It was not feasible to address them all in this paper and needs more research. In addition, as with the majority of qualitative studies, the design of the current study is subject to limitations. Firstly, the research quality of narrative reviews is dependent on the researcher’ skills and more easily can be influenced by his/her personal biases. Second, the rigor is more difficult to maintain, assess and demonstrate. Nevertheless, narrative studies often complement quantitative studies and are informative. To fulfill the right to health, Iran should improve affordability and quality of care and the situation of the determinants of health. The gaps in people’s access to health care need to be identified, and all necessary means and scarce resources be allocated to remove access barriers and to improve the situation of disadvantaged people. The adoption of relatively low-cost targeted programs, the proper management of resources and the prevention of unnecessary costs are suggested.The assessment of national conduct in realizing the right to heath: using the framework of United Nations
Fatemeh Kokabisaghi
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Health is a human right and a fundamental building block of sustainable development, economic prosperity and poverty reduction. To realize people’s right to health, evaluating the situation of the right and its determinants is necessary. This paper aims to analyze Iran’s conduct in realizing its population’s right to health.

A qualitative case study design involving a structured review of relevant laws, policy documents, reports and academic literature was undertaken. The data were collected from electronic databases and the official Web pages of the United Nations (UN) and Iran’s Government and analyzed by a framework suggested by the UN.

Iran’s law and policies intend to combat health inequalities and to provide an adequate standard of living for everyone, particularly disadvantaged groups and individuals. However, not all laws and policies protecting disadvantaged groups are adequately implemented. There are disparities in health status and access to health care among different socio-economic groups. International economic sanctions and government policies decreased people’s ability to access the necessities of life including health care. Moreover, social determinants of health, such as cultural beliefs regarding women’s rights have not been addressed sufficiently in the country’s laws.

This study includes a broad range of subjects and provides an overview of the health-care system of Iran. However, more detail is needed to describe every aspect of the right to health. It was not feasible to address them all in this paper and needs more research. In addition, as with the majority of qualitative studies, the design of the current study is subject to limitations. Firstly, the research quality of narrative reviews is dependent on the researcher’ skills and more easily can be influenced by his/her personal biases. Second, the rigor is more difficult to maintain, assess and demonstrate. Nevertheless, narrative studies often complement quantitative studies and are informative.

To fulfill the right to health, Iran should improve affordability and quality of care and the situation of the determinants of health. The gaps in people’s access to health care need to be identified, and all necessary means and scarce resources be allocated to remove access barriers and to improve the situation of disadvantaged people. The adoption of relatively low-cost targeted programs, the proper management of resources and the prevention of unnecessary costs are suggested.

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The assessment of national conduct in realizing the right to heath: using the framework of United Nations10.1108/IJHRH-07-2023-0059International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2024-01-01© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedFatemeh KokabisaghiInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-01-0110.1108/IJHRH-07-2023-0059https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-07-2023-0059/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Self-compassion: the influences on the university students’ life satisfaction during the COVID-19 outbreakhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-08-2021-0153/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study investigates the relationship between self-compassion and life satisfaction, and there is a significant statistical correlation between some dimensions of the self-compassion scale (family, self-kindness, common human feelings and mental alertness). The researcher used the Self-Compassion scale prepared by Neff (2003) translated by the researchers, in a sample of 150 students in Egypt, and Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale, developed by Huebner et al. (1998) translated by the researchers. The results of the study showed that self-compassion is high in university students. The study also showed a negative correlation with the dimension of psychological self-judgment and life satisfaction, as it indicated the possibility of predicting life satisfaction through the dimensions of self-compassion, except for the dimensions of isolation and autism, and excessive communication with the self. It also indicated that there are no differences between males and females as far as the variable of self-compassion, as well as the absence of differences between males and females as far as the variable of satisfaction with life is concerned. However, the family dimension showed a difference in favor of males. The inclusion of extension programs to develop self-compassion for various segments of society in light of the continuing corona pandemic, and paying attention to religious counseling programs that support the use of spiritual values in self-strengthening which is reflected in the strengthening of psychological resilience and thus a sense of satisfaction with life.Self-compassion: the influences on the university students’ life satisfaction during the COVID-19 outbreak
Hani Abdel Hafeez Abdel Azeem, Mohammed Hasan Ali Al-Abyadh
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study investigates the relationship between self-compassion and life satisfaction, and there is a significant statistical correlation between some dimensions of the self-compassion scale (family, self-kindness, common human feelings and mental alertness).

The researcher used the Self-Compassion scale prepared by Neff (2003) translated by the researchers, in a sample of 150 students in Egypt, and Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale, developed by Huebner et al. (1998) translated by the researchers.

The results of the study showed that self-compassion is high in university students. The study also showed a negative correlation with the dimension of psychological self-judgment and life satisfaction, as it indicated the possibility of predicting life satisfaction through the dimensions of self-compassion, except for the dimensions of isolation and autism, and excessive communication with the self. It also indicated that there are no differences between males and females as far as the variable of self-compassion, as well as the absence of differences between males and females as far as the variable of satisfaction with life is concerned. However, the family dimension showed a difference in favor of males.

The inclusion of extension programs to develop self-compassion for various segments of society in light of the continuing corona pandemic, and paying attention to religious counseling programs that support the use of spiritual values in self-strengthening which is reflected in the strengthening of psychological resilience and thus a sense of satisfaction with life.

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Self-compassion: the influences on the university students’ life satisfaction during the COVID-19 outbreak10.1108/IJHRH-08-2021-0153International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2021-10-22© 2021 Emerald Publishing LimitedHani Abdel Hafeez Abdel AzeemMohammed Hasan Ali Al-AbyadhInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2021-10-2210.1108/IJHRH-08-2021-0153https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-08-2021-0153/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited
Modern chromatographic method for estimating Loratadine and affections on healthcarehttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-08-2021-0154/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study is to establish Loratadine [LRD] quantification in purified and capsule formulations using a precise and specific Reversal Phase with a very high-performance liquid Chromatographic [RP-HPLC] technique. The approach was evaluated in agreement with the principles of the International Conference on Harmonization [ICH]. Arcus EP-C18 Ion Pac column, 5 m, 4.6 mm, 250 mm, mobile phase Methanol: Acetonitrile (60:40) v/v. Dibasic potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, flow rate 1.0 ml/min. The HPLC system used a 340 nm UV detector for testing. A 10-min run time was used for the analysis. At concentrations ranging from 2 to 10 g/ml, the technique was linear (R2 = 0.9998), exact (intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviation [RSD] values 1.0%), accurate (range recovery = 96%–102%), exclusive and strong. The detecting and quantitation limits were 0.92 g/ml and 2.15 g/ml, respectively. The findings demonstrated that the proposed method could accurately determine LRD in bulk and pill dose formats quickly and accurately.Modern chromatographic method for estimating Loratadine and affections on healthcare
H.N.K. Al-Salman, Qutaiba A. Qasim, Rajaa Hussein Fayadh, Hussein H. Hussein
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this study is to establish Loratadine [LRD] quantification in purified and capsule formulations using a precise and specific Reversal Phase with a very high-performance liquid Chromatographic [RP-HPLC] technique. The approach was evaluated in agreement with the principles of the International Conference on Harmonization [ICH]. Arcus EP-C18 Ion Pac column, 5 m, 4.6 mm, 250 mm, mobile phase Methanol: Acetonitrile (60:40) v/v. Dibasic potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, flow rate 1.0 ml/min.

The HPLC system used a 340 nm UV detector for testing. A 10-min run time was used for the analysis. At concentrations ranging from 2 to 10 g/ml, the technique was linear (R2 = 0.9998), exact (intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviation [RSD] values 1.0%), accurate (range recovery = 96%–102%), exclusive and strong.

The detecting and quantitation limits were 0.92 g/ml and 2.15 g/ml, respectively.

The findings demonstrated that the proposed method could accurately determine LRD in bulk and pill dose formats quickly and accurately.

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Modern chromatographic method for estimating Loratadine and affections on healthcare10.1108/IJHRH-08-2021-0154International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2021-10-11© 2021 Emerald Publishing LimitedH.N.K. Al-SalmanQutaiba A. QasimRajaa Hussein FayadhHussein H. HusseinInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2021-10-1110.1108/IJHRH-08-2021-0154https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-08-2021-0154/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited
“We are experiencing pain on our own”: mental health care to prevail over impacts of cultural silence on HIVhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-08-2022-0089/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis qualitative case study aims to investigate how current services meet the emotional needs of young women growing up with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Young women (15–19 years old), caregivers and service providers were recruited through three multidisciplinary HIV management centres in Malawi. In-depth interviews were used to collect data for 14 “cases” (each “case” involved a young woman, a caregiver and a service provider, for a total of 42 participants). The interviews with adolescents were conducted using an innovative visual method known as the “my story” book. Thematic analysis revealed that young women experienced traumatic experiences and emotional neglect after being diagnosed as HIV positive. Lack of adult support networks and social isolation were identified as intersecting factors contributing to their mental distress. According to the findings of this study, HIV care should more explicitly include comprehensive mental health-care services. This provision should include ongoing individualised counselling sessions, supplemented by communication skills training to help break the prevalent cultural silence on HIV issues. Young people living with HIV, in general, and young women, are more likely to experience mental health issues than their non-infected peers. Integrating comprehensive mental health evaluation and treatment into HIV care for young people can be beneficial. Mental health issues are critical and underserved challenges among young people living with perinatally acquired HIV. Women experience a higher prevalence of mental challenges than men. Integrating comprehensive mental health evaluation and treatment into HIV care for young people can be beneficial. Therefore, interventions to assist young people with mental health issues are needed within the context of HIV management in Malawi. Many studies on mental health and HIV/AIDS have been conducted. However, there is very little information as regards the emotional needs of young women growing up with perinatally acquired HIV. This study fills the void.“We are experiencing pain on our own”: mental health care to prevail over impacts of cultural silence on HIV
Gertrude Mwalabu, Catrin Evans, Sarah Redsell, Pammla Petruka, Patrick Mapulanga
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This qualitative case study aims to investigate how current services meet the emotional needs of young women growing up with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Young women (15–19 years old), caregivers and service providers were recruited through three multidisciplinary HIV management centres in Malawi.

In-depth interviews were used to collect data for 14 “cases” (each “case” involved a young woman, a caregiver and a service provider, for a total of 42 participants). The interviews with adolescents were conducted using an innovative visual method known as the “my story” book.

Thematic analysis revealed that young women experienced traumatic experiences and emotional neglect after being diagnosed as HIV positive. Lack of adult support networks and social isolation were identified as intersecting factors contributing to their mental distress. According to the findings of this study, HIV care should more explicitly include comprehensive mental health-care services. This provision should include ongoing individualised counselling sessions, supplemented by communication skills training to help break the prevalent cultural silence on HIV issues. Young people living with HIV, in general, and young women, are more likely to experience mental health issues than their non-infected peers. Integrating comprehensive mental health evaluation and treatment into HIV care for young people can be beneficial.

Mental health issues are critical and underserved challenges among young people living with perinatally acquired HIV. Women experience a higher prevalence of mental challenges than men. Integrating comprehensive mental health evaluation and treatment into HIV care for young people can be beneficial. Therefore, interventions to assist young people with mental health issues are needed within the context of HIV management in Malawi.

Many studies on mental health and HIV/AIDS have been conducted. However, there is very little information as regards the emotional needs of young women growing up with perinatally acquired HIV. This study fills the void.

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“We are experiencing pain on our own”: mental health care to prevail over impacts of cultural silence on HIV10.1108/IJHRH-08-2022-0089International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2023-03-29© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedGertrude MwalabuCatrin EvansSarah RedsellPammla PetrukaPatrick MapulangaInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-03-2910.1108/IJHRH-08-2022-0089https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-08-2022-0089/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Stigma, discrimination and HIV or AIDS: an empirical investigation of Asian immigrants and refugees in Canadahttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-08-2022-0091/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestHIV or AIDS remains invisible and dismissed by most South Asians living in Canada as HIV or AIDS issues are perceived as an offshoot of Western lifestyle linked with drug use and promiscuity. This paper aims to look into how people living with HIV or AIDS (PLWHA) cope with prejudice and stigma. To guide this research, a constructivist grounded theory approach was adopted as the theoretical and methodological framework. The authors reached the participants through a Toronto-based group that works with PLWHA. The authors chose their respondents in a snowball method and interviewed them both in person and online. This paper identifies how South Asian immigrants and refugees/refugees with HIV or AIDS claimants are vulnerable to discrimination in Canada due to the following factors, which include but are not limited to: a lack of information about HIV and AIDS incidence in the community; and the Canadian health system's inability to respond appropriately to the lack of information. HIV service engagements should take place within the context of a constellation of local traditions, or standardized expectations of patient engagement with HIV services can be counterproductive. It is critical that governmental action prioritizes increasing public understanding of stigma. To minimize the consequences of HIV-related discrimination and stigma, misconceptions about HIV transmission must be debunked.Stigma, discrimination and HIV or AIDS: an empirical investigation of Asian immigrants and refugees in Canada
Akm Ahsan Ullah, Ahmed Shafiqul Huque
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

HIV or AIDS remains invisible and dismissed by most South Asians living in Canada as HIV or AIDS issues are perceived as an offshoot of Western lifestyle linked with drug use and promiscuity. This paper aims to look into how people living with HIV or AIDS (PLWHA) cope with prejudice and stigma.

To guide this research, a constructivist grounded theory approach was adopted as the theoretical and methodological framework. The authors reached the participants through a Toronto-based group that works with PLWHA. The authors chose their respondents in a snowball method and interviewed them both in person and online.

This paper identifies how South Asian immigrants and refugees/refugees with HIV or AIDS claimants are vulnerable to discrimination in Canada due to the following factors, which include but are not limited to: a lack of information about HIV and AIDS incidence in the community; and the Canadian health system's inability to respond appropriately to the lack of information.

HIV service engagements should take place within the context of a constellation of local traditions, or standardized expectations of patient engagement with HIV services can be counterproductive.

It is critical that governmental action prioritizes increasing public understanding of stigma. To minimize the consequences of HIV-related discrimination and stigma, misconceptions about HIV transmission must be debunked.

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Stigma, discrimination and HIV or AIDS: an empirical investigation of Asian immigrants and refugees in Canada10.1108/IJHRH-08-2022-0091International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2022-10-10© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedAkm Ahsan UllahAhmed Shafiqul HuqueInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2022-10-1010.1108/IJHRH-08-2022-0091https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-08-2022-0091/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Comprehending women beliefs towards sustainable menstrual products – a fundamental step in healthcarehttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-08-2023-0068/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestAccess to good menstrual products is a human rights issue. Yet, there are rising health concerns of women regarding traditional–plastic sanitary napkins. The usage of these products has raised apprehensions towards the environmental pollution due to the plastic content. The solution for both these issues lies in the sustainable menstrual products. As menstruation is a public health issue, this study aims to identify the role of health beliefs on attitude of women towards sustainable menstrual products. A survey was conducted for the purpose of data collection. The study uses questionnaire as a research instrument to gain an insight on women health beliefs towards sustainable menstrual products. Data was collected from 527 women respondents through convenience sampling. SPSS and Smart-PLS 4 were used for analysing the data. Results of the study indicate that all the health belief perceptions had a significant impact on attitude. Women with more positive health belief and less negative health beliefs are the potential consumers for sustainable menstrual products. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this the first study that uses health belief model to explore and add to the menstruation literature especially sustainable menstrual hygiene.Comprehending women beliefs towards sustainable menstrual products – a fundamental step in healthcare
Prerna Ahuja, Navjit Singh
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Access to good menstrual products is a human rights issue. Yet, there are rising health concerns of women regarding traditional–plastic sanitary napkins. The usage of these products has raised apprehensions towards the environmental pollution due to the plastic content. The solution for both these issues lies in the sustainable menstrual products. As menstruation is a public health issue, this study aims to identify the role of health beliefs on attitude of women towards sustainable menstrual products.

A survey was conducted for the purpose of data collection. The study uses questionnaire as a research instrument to gain an insight on women health beliefs towards sustainable menstrual products. Data was collected from 527 women respondents through convenience sampling. SPSS and Smart-PLS 4 were used for analysing the data.

Results of the study indicate that all the health belief perceptions had a significant impact on attitude. Women with more positive health belief and less negative health beliefs are the potential consumers for sustainable menstrual products.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this the first study that uses health belief model to explore and add to the menstruation literature especially sustainable menstrual hygiene.

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Comprehending women beliefs towards sustainable menstrual products – a fundamental step in healthcare10.1108/IJHRH-08-2023-0068International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2023-11-10© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedPrerna AhujaNavjit SinghInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-11-1010.1108/IJHRH-08-2023-0068https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-08-2023-0068/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Improving healthcare for substance users: the moderating role of psychological flexibility on stigma, mental health, and quality of lifehttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-08-2023-0072/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestStigma is a major impediment to human rights in health care that causes discrimination, isolation and the exclusion of individuals from essential health-care services. It fosters fear, leading to negative stereotyping of individuals based on their social, cultural or health status and undermines their dignity and respect, consequently violating their right to health. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the moderating role of psychological flexibility in the relationship between stigma (enacted, anticipated and internalized), mental health and the quality of life of substance users. This study was based on a cross-sectional design and included 200 male patients with an age range of 18–65 years from 23 rehabilitation centers in four cities in Pakistan. The purposive sampling technique was used, and the sample size ranged from 4 to 23 participants for each site. Four scales were used to measure stigma, general mental health, quality of life and psychological flexibility in substance users. The data were analyzed using SPSS and Smart PLS, which showed that stigma (enacted, anticipated and internalized) had a detrimental effect on substance users’ mental health and quality of life. Additionally, psychological flexibility acts as an efficient moderator between them. This research unveils the moderating role of psychological flexibility in mitigating stigma’s adverse effects on individuals with substance use disorders. Future investigations should prioritize interventions aimed at enhancing psychological flexibility to ameliorate the repercussions of stigma, ultimately enhancing the well-being and quality of life of substance users.Improving healthcare for substance users: the moderating role of psychological flexibility on stigma, mental health, and quality of life
Mahvia Gull, Zartashia Kynat Javaid, Kamran Khan, Husnain Ali Chaudhry
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Stigma is a major impediment to human rights in health care that causes discrimination, isolation and the exclusion of individuals from essential health-care services. It fosters fear, leading to negative stereotyping of individuals based on their social, cultural or health status and undermines their dignity and respect, consequently violating their right to health. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the moderating role of psychological flexibility in the relationship between stigma (enacted, anticipated and internalized), mental health and the quality of life of substance users.

This study was based on a cross-sectional design and included 200 male patients with an age range of 18–65 years from 23 rehabilitation centers in four cities in Pakistan. The purposive sampling technique was used, and the sample size ranged from 4 to 23 participants for each site. Four scales were used to measure stigma, general mental health, quality of life and psychological flexibility in substance users.

The data were analyzed using SPSS and Smart PLS, which showed that stigma (enacted, anticipated and internalized) had a detrimental effect on substance users’ mental health and quality of life. Additionally, psychological flexibility acts as an efficient moderator between them.

This research unveils the moderating role of psychological flexibility in mitigating stigma’s adverse effects on individuals with substance use disorders. Future investigations should prioritize interventions aimed at enhancing psychological flexibility to ameliorate the repercussions of stigma, ultimately enhancing the well-being and quality of life of substance users.

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Improving healthcare for substance users: the moderating role of psychological flexibility on stigma, mental health, and quality of life10.1108/IJHRH-08-2023-0072International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2023-11-24© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedMahvia GullZartashia Kynat JavaidKamran KhanHusnain Ali ChaudhryInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-11-2410.1108/IJHRH-08-2023-0072https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-08-2023-0072/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Digital technology and intentions to adopt digital e-health practices among health-care professionalshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-08-2023-0073/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestIn the present era, digital technology can be used responsibly to provide developed and developing countries with high-quality health-care services to nations. This study aims to explore Saudi Arabia’s intentions to adopt digital health-care practices. To be consistent with previous studies, this study used a quantitative methodology to collect the data from health-care professionals working in Saudi Arabia’s public and private health institutes. Consequently, this study’s findings are based on 306 valid samples. On the one hand, the path analysis reveals that health-care professionals believe in perceptions relating to the use of e-health and technology (PEHT) and experiences regarding internet use (ERIU) and that these have positive and significant effects on attitudes toward the use of e-health and technology (ATEHT) and intentions to use e-health services (ITUES). On the other hand, barriers to using e-health (BUEH) negatively impact ATEHT and ITUES. Finally, ATEHT also has a positive and significant effect on ITUES. This study’s findings will help Saudi Arabia’s policymakers and the country’s health ministry to develop policies to provide e-services that health-care professionals can use to improve the quality of the country’s health care, patients’ human rights and social care. Furthermore, this study’s findings are helpful in developing attitudes and intentions toward either e-health or digital health to provide better health facilities to serve Saudi Arabia’s citizens. This study empirically confirms among Saudi Arabia’s health-care professionals the PEHT, ERIU and BUEH toward ATEHT and ITUES.Digital technology and intentions to adopt digital e-health practices among health-care professionals
Nadia A. Abdelmegeed Abdelwahed, Mohammed A. Al Doghan, Ummi Naiemah Saraih, Bahadur Ali Soomro
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

In the present era, digital technology can be used responsibly to provide developed and developing countries with high-quality health-care services to nations. This study aims to explore Saudi Arabia’s intentions to adopt digital health-care practices.

To be consistent with previous studies, this study used a quantitative methodology to collect the data from health-care professionals working in Saudi Arabia’s public and private health institutes. Consequently, this study’s findings are based on 306 valid samples.

On the one hand, the path analysis reveals that health-care professionals believe in perceptions relating to the use of e-health and technology (PEHT) and experiences regarding internet use (ERIU) and that these have positive and significant effects on attitudes toward the use of e-health and technology (ATEHT) and intentions to use e-health services (ITUES). On the other hand, barriers to using e-health (BUEH) negatively impact ATEHT and ITUES. Finally, ATEHT also has a positive and significant effect on ITUES.

This study’s findings will help Saudi Arabia’s policymakers and the country’s health ministry to develop policies to provide e-services that health-care professionals can use to improve the quality of the country’s health care, patients’ human rights and social care. Furthermore, this study’s findings are helpful in developing attitudes and intentions toward either e-health or digital health to provide better health facilities to serve Saudi Arabia’s citizens.

This study empirically confirms among Saudi Arabia’s health-care professionals the PEHT, ERIU and BUEH toward ATEHT and ITUES.

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Digital technology and intentions to adopt digital e-health practices among health-care professionals10.1108/IJHRH-08-2023-0073International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2024-02-28© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedNadia A. Abdelmegeed AbdelwahedMohammed A. Al DoghanUmmi Naiemah SaraihBahadur Ali SoomroInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-2810.1108/IJHRH-08-2023-0073https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-08-2023-0073/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
“Even though we are elders living alone”: has social support reshaped the care of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic?https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-09-2022-0096/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to explore how social support has reshaped the care of older adults living alone in northeast Thailand during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used a qualitative method using a narrative gerontological perspective with a descriptive design. Purposive sampling was conducted from 20 in-depth narrative interviews between November 2021 and February 2022 in Maha Sarakham province, northeast Thailand. Data transcriptions were performed using a narrative analytical process. The in-depth narrative interviews indicated that older adults living alone during the coronavirus pandemic valued a comfortable life, a sense of place, favourable living arrangements, self-reliance, life goals and meaningful life. The gerontological analysis showed that social support for older adults living alone included a social safety net, networking, supporting needs, physical care and mental health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first qualitative narrative gerontological study to explore how social support reshaped the care of older adults living alone during the COVID-19 pandemic in northeast Thailand.“Even though we are elders living alone”: has social support reshaped the care of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic?
Washiraporn Wannachot, Pimporn Phukrongpet, Kanokporn Rattanasuteerakul, Hanvedes Daovisan
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to explore how social support has reshaped the care of older adults living alone in northeast Thailand during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study used a qualitative method using a narrative gerontological perspective with a descriptive design. Purposive sampling was conducted from 20 in-depth narrative interviews between November 2021 and February 2022 in Maha Sarakham province, northeast Thailand. Data transcriptions were performed using a narrative analytical process.

The in-depth narrative interviews indicated that older adults living alone during the coronavirus pandemic valued a comfortable life, a sense of place, favourable living arrangements, self-reliance, life goals and meaningful life. The gerontological analysis showed that social support for older adults living alone included a social safety net, networking, supporting needs, physical care and mental health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first qualitative narrative gerontological study to explore how social support reshaped the care of older adults living alone during the COVID-19 pandemic in northeast Thailand.

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“Even though we are elders living alone”: has social support reshaped the care of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic?10.1108/IJHRH-09-2022-0096International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2023-01-11© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedWashiraporn WannachotPimporn PhukrongpetKanokporn RattanasuteerakulHanvedes DaovisanInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-01-1110.1108/IJHRH-09-2022-0096https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-09-2022-0096/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Status of primary healthcare services in a geographically disadvantageous area: a study of Alipurduar district, West Bengal, Indiahttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-09-2022-0097/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe locational disadvantage of a health-care centre often restricts adequate delivery of health-care services in an area. The purpose of this study is to examine the status of primary health-care services in such a geographically disadvantageous area which is confined by forests, tea gardens and undulating topography. Necessary secondary data of 13 primary health centres and 236 sub-centres has been collected from the Office of the Chief Medical Officer of Health. Based on obtained data, Health-care Infrastructure Index has been prepared which has been validated by an expert panel, and subsequently, the Thiessen Polygon method has been applied through Arc GIS software to show spatial variation of health-care services delivered by different health-care centres. In the study area, there is wide variation found in the case of physical facilities, caregivers and connectivity of road networks, which altogether affect the overall status of health-care services. Among all the indicators, some health-care centres experience staff shortages for prolonged non-recruitment, inaccessibility and inconsistent patient load in different health centres. In spite of the unfavourable geographical landscape, health-care centres have to be set up wherever possible. There is a need to make new roads and simultaneously the existing road connectivity should be improved so that patients and caregivers can move quickly whenever required. Existing physical facilities need to be renewed or redeveloped along with increasing the number of doctors and other health-care providers as per the need of people with an adequate and optimum level of services.Status of primary healthcare services in a geographically disadvantageous area: a study of Alipurduar district, West Bengal, India
Barnali Biswas, Piyal Basu Roy, Ankita Saha, Abhijit Sarkar
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The locational disadvantage of a health-care centre often restricts adequate delivery of health-care services in an area. The purpose of this study is to examine the status of primary health-care services in such a geographically disadvantageous area which is confined by forests, tea gardens and undulating topography.

Necessary secondary data of 13 primary health centres and 236 sub-centres has been collected from the Office of the Chief Medical Officer of Health. Based on obtained data, Health-care Infrastructure Index has been prepared which has been validated by an expert panel, and subsequently, the Thiessen Polygon method has been applied through Arc GIS software to show spatial variation of health-care services delivered by different health-care centres.

In the study area, there is wide variation found in the case of physical facilities, caregivers and connectivity of road networks, which altogether affect the overall status of health-care services. Among all the indicators, some health-care centres experience staff shortages for prolonged non-recruitment, inaccessibility and inconsistent patient load in different health centres.

In spite of the unfavourable geographical landscape, health-care centres have to be set up wherever possible. There is a need to make new roads and simultaneously the existing road connectivity should be improved so that patients and caregivers can move quickly whenever required. Existing physical facilities need to be renewed or redeveloped along with increasing the number of doctors and other health-care providers as per the need of people with an adequate and optimum level of services.

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Status of primary healthcare services in a geographically disadvantageous area: a study of Alipurduar district, West Bengal, India10.1108/IJHRH-09-2022-0097International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2023-05-25© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedBarnali BiswasPiyal Basu RoyAnkita SahaAbhijit SarkarInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-05-2510.1108/IJHRH-09-2022-0097https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-09-2022-0097/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Redirecting to sustainable menstrual products – a holistic approach for improving public healthhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-09-2023-0076/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestAccess to good menstrual products is a human rights concern. It is essential for normalising the life during menstrual cycles by making available all the resources necessary for managing them. Sustainable menstrual products are the novel products which can improve the women menstrual lifestyles and reduce the discomfort associated with menstruation. However, these products are not readily adopted by the women due to their perception resulting from various factors. Hence, this study aims to figure out these perceptions, which can promote and hinder the adoption of these products. A survey was conducted for the purpose of data collection. The study uses questionnaire as a research instrument to gain an insight on women health beliefs towards sustainable menstrual products. Data was collected from the women respondents through convenience sampling. Structural equation modelling was applied to analyse the data. The findings suggest that women with appropriate knowledge had a positive perception towards the sustainable menstrual products, further leading to positive behaviour. It was also noted that marketing efforts through cues to action had an impact on their behavioural patterns. The policymakers and the marketers can focus on such prospects to advocate the use of sustainable menstrual products so that healthcare is improved. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that provides a comprehensive framework for analysing the impact of women health beliefs towards behaviour of sustainable menstrual products. The study adds meaningful insights to the sustainable menstrual literature.Redirecting to sustainable menstrual products – a holistic approach for improving public health
Prerna Ahuja, Navjit Singh
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Access to good menstrual products is a human rights concern. It is essential for normalising the life during menstrual cycles by making available all the resources necessary for managing them. Sustainable menstrual products are the novel products which can improve the women menstrual lifestyles and reduce the discomfort associated with menstruation. However, these products are not readily adopted by the women due to their perception resulting from various factors. Hence, this study aims to figure out these perceptions, which can promote and hinder the adoption of these products.

A survey was conducted for the purpose of data collection. The study uses questionnaire as a research instrument to gain an insight on women health beliefs towards sustainable menstrual products. Data was collected from the women respondents through convenience sampling. Structural equation modelling was applied to analyse the data.

The findings suggest that women with appropriate knowledge had a positive perception towards the sustainable menstrual products, further leading to positive behaviour. It was also noted that marketing efforts through cues to action had an impact on their behavioural patterns. The policymakers and the marketers can focus on such prospects to advocate the use of sustainable menstrual products so that healthcare is improved.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that provides a comprehensive framework for analysing the impact of women health beliefs towards behaviour of sustainable menstrual products. The study adds meaningful insights to the sustainable menstrual literature.

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Redirecting to sustainable menstrual products – a holistic approach for improving public health10.1108/IJHRH-09-2023-0076International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2023-11-27© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedPrerna AhujaNavjit SinghInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-11-2710.1108/IJHRH-09-2023-0076https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-09-2023-0076/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Organizational health between theory and practice field research in the General Company for Petroleum Productshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-10-2021-0184/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to measure the basic foundations of organizational health in the General Company for Food Products and to indicate the extent of its presence or not within the company under investigation. This research was completed using a descriptive and analytical approach using a sample of 97 employees from the General Company for Petroleum Products. Calculating the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and confirmatory factor analysis are all part of the data processing process. The basic components of organization health are present in the General Company for Petroleum Products, but they have not reached high levels to be called regulatory health. The findings of this study can provide important information about the impact of basic organizational health components on the general level of companies, particularly the General Company for Oil Products and its prominent role in its leadership in strengthening the organizational climate with a healthy, pressure-free environment that contributes to raising employee and organizational performance levels.Organizational health between theory and practice field research in the General Company for Petroleum Products
Majeed Hameed Taher, Namariq Abdulkareem Muhsen, Luma Majid Hameed
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to measure the basic foundations of organizational health in the General Company for Food Products and to indicate the extent of its presence or not within the company under investigation.

This research was completed using a descriptive and analytical approach using a sample of 97 employees from the General Company for Petroleum Products. Calculating the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and confirmatory factor analysis are all part of the data processing process.

The basic components of organization health are present in the General Company for Petroleum Products, but they have not reached high levels to be called regulatory health.

The findings of this study can provide important information about the impact of basic organizational health components on the general level of companies, particularly the General Company for Oil Products and its prominent role in its leadership in strengthening the organizational climate with a healthy, pressure-free environment that contributes to raising employee and organizational performance levels.

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Organizational health between theory and practice field research in the General Company for Petroleum Products10.1108/IJHRH-10-2021-0184International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2021-12-20© 2021 Emerald Publishing LimitedMajeed Hameed TaherNamariq Abdulkareem MuhsenLuma Majid HameedInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2021-12-2010.1108/IJHRH-10-2021-0184https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-10-2021-0184/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited
Occupational health and safety rights of hospital workers in relation to needle stick injuries exposure in Pakistanhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-10-2022-0108/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study is to explore the determinants of needle stick injuries (NSIs) suffering in terms of occupational health and safety (OHS) coverage critically for health-care workers’ rights in Pakistan. This is a qualitative study involving the designing of a questionnaire followed by the World Health Organization’s NSI prevention assessment tool and nationally published reports covering health-care workers’ OHS rights protection. A total of 17 public and private hospitals were surveyed with a two-stage sampling method. Descriptive and inferential statistics (one-way analysis of variance with multiple comparison tests) were applied and significant results were discussed (p = 0.05 & p = 0.01). The results were discussed critically in the context of the OHS rights of health-care workers. Analysis revealed the following significant relationships: job type and safety behavior; age group of health-care workers and safety management; injection usage per day and safety behavior; past year’s needle sticks injuries cases with safety behavior and occupational exposure; work shift and work experience with safety knowledge, safety awareness and work experience with safety management. It was also found there is no specific OHS law in the country for health-care workers. This study is limited in terms of sampling size and quantification of NSI burden among health-care workers. Improved OHS management practices among health-care workers can control NSIs that ultimately ensure their workplace OHS rights. Health-care workers need OHS coverage in terms of awareness about potential workplace hazards and job training accordingly. Findings from extensive studies of a similar kind can give useful policy directions for workplace health management in health-care setup at the national level. This study highlights the importance of OHS coverage for health-care workers in hospitals. It reports different determinants of NSIs suffering causing health-care worker’s rights violations at the workplace in Pakistan.Occupational health and safety rights of hospital workers in relation to needle stick injuries exposure in Pakistan
Mohsin Abbas, Sidra Rafique, Zaki-Ul-Zaman Asam
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this study is to explore the determinants of needle stick injuries (NSIs) suffering in terms of occupational health and safety (OHS) coverage critically for health-care workers’ rights in Pakistan.

This is a qualitative study involving the designing of a questionnaire followed by the World Health Organization’s NSI prevention assessment tool and nationally published reports covering health-care workers’ OHS rights protection. A total of 17 public and private hospitals were surveyed with a two-stage sampling method. Descriptive and inferential statistics (one-way analysis of variance with multiple comparison tests) were applied and significant results were discussed (p = 0.05 & p = 0.01). The results were discussed critically in the context of the OHS rights of health-care workers.

Analysis revealed the following significant relationships: job type and safety behavior; age group of health-care workers and safety management; injection usage per day and safety behavior; past year’s needle sticks injuries cases with safety behavior and occupational exposure; work shift and work experience with safety knowledge, safety awareness and work experience with safety management. It was also found there is no specific OHS law in the country for health-care workers.

This study is limited in terms of sampling size and quantification of NSI burden among health-care workers.

Improved OHS management practices among health-care workers can control NSIs that ultimately ensure their workplace OHS rights. Health-care workers need OHS coverage in terms of awareness about potential workplace hazards and job training accordingly. Findings from extensive studies of a similar kind can give useful policy directions for workplace health management in health-care setup at the national level.

This study highlights the importance of OHS coverage for health-care workers in hospitals. It reports different determinants of NSIs suffering causing health-care worker’s rights violations at the workplace in Pakistan.

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Occupational health and safety rights of hospital workers in relation to needle stick injuries exposure in Pakistan10.1108/IJHRH-10-2022-0108International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2023-05-03© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedMohsin AbbasSidra RafiqueZaki-Ul-Zaman AsamInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-05-0310.1108/IJHRH-10-2022-0108https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-10-2022-0108/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Assessment of attitudes toward patient rights of people live from a Turkey town and migrating to Belgiumhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-12-2021-0204/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study is to assess the attitudes of individuals living in Belgium and in Emirdag in regard to patient rights and the effect of cultural differences in developing the attitude. This study measures the attitudes of two groups of people living in different geographies, “individuals living in Emirdag and Individuals emigrated from Emirdag to Belgium,” and yet having the same ethnic origin, common social and cultural capital. Implementing quantitative research, the data for the current study was obtained from a total of 1,043 participants, who were administered the Likert type “Patient Rights Attitude Scale” along with demographic questionnaire. The total score mean of the scale is 126.09 ± 15.21 in the Emirdag group, whereas in the Belgian group, it is 129.78 ± 13.356. While the attitude with the highest mean score about patient rights in both groups observed under “the right to seek medical attention” and “the right to consent in medical and drug researches” items and thusthese items are considered as a common denominator, the two groups differed in the scale items that received the lowest average. It is important to determine the effects of attitudes toward patient rights and cultural differences on the development of attitudes, to determine the problems in the delivery of health services and health service procurement. The structures that direct the choices and decisions of individuals in critical subjects such as organ transplantation and euthanasia, and thus having different practices in the doctrine, can be affected by individuals and even society’s rules, beliefs and values. It was concluded that immigrant participants’ dominating culture and related beliefs, rules and values play a role in the making of decision and choice.Assessment of attitudes toward patient rights of people live from a Turkey town and migrating to Belgium
Vahide Korkmaz, Nilüfer Demirsoy
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this study is to assess the attitudes of individuals living in Belgium and in Emirdag in regard to patient rights and the effect of cultural differences in developing the attitude. This study measures the attitudes of two groups of people living in different geographies, “individuals living in Emirdag and Individuals emigrated from Emirdag to Belgium,” and yet having the same ethnic origin, common social and cultural capital.

Implementing quantitative research, the data for the current study was obtained from a total of 1,043 participants, who were administered the Likert type “Patient Rights Attitude Scale” along with demographic questionnaire.

The total score mean of the scale is 126.09 ± 15.21 in the Emirdag group, whereas in the Belgian group, it is 129.78 ± 13.356. While the attitude with the highest mean score about patient rights in both groups observed under “the right to seek medical attention” and “the right to consent in medical and drug researches” items and thusthese items are considered as a common denominator, the two groups differed in the scale items that received the lowest average.

It is important to determine the effects of attitudes toward patient rights and cultural differences on the development of attitudes, to determine the problems in the delivery of health services and health service procurement.

The structures that direct the choices and decisions of individuals in critical subjects such as organ transplantation and euthanasia, and thus having different practices in the doctrine, can be affected by individuals and even society’s rules, beliefs and values. It was concluded that immigrant participants’ dominating culture and related beliefs, rules and values play a role in the making of decision and choice.

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Assessment of attitudes toward patient rights of people live from a Turkey town and migrating to Belgium10.1108/IJHRH-12-2021-0204International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2022-10-14© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedVahide KorkmazNilüfer DemirsoyInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2022-10-1410.1108/IJHRH-12-2021-0204https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-12-2021-0204/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Evaluation of a dementia prevention program to improve health and social care and promote human rights among older adultshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-12-2021-0206/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to evaluate a human rights-informed dementia prevention program promoting better health and social care among older adults. In this study, the authors examined whether a dual-task training would improve cognition in healthy older adults. Individuals attending the systematic health education program for older adults based in Japan were recruited for study inclusion, and divided into a dual-task training group (TG) and a control group (CG). The TG underwent 90 min of a weekly dual-task training for 12 weeks. Severity of dementia was measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) test. Brain function was assessed using a go/no-go task paradigm, during which cerebral blood flow was additionally measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy to quantify oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb). MMSE total score, number of errors in the go/no-go tasks and oxy-Hb values showed significant improvements in the TG. Owing to the small number of participants allocated to the CG, the results must be interpreted with caution. Replication and further validation based on large-scale, randomized-controlled trials is warranted. This study highlights potential benefits of incorporating an early prevention training for dementia into a human rights-friendly health education program. This study suggests a potential means to reduce costs of social security and health care by introducing a human rights-informed dementia prevention program. The results suggest that dual-task training may improve cognitive function in healthy older adults, thereby contributing to better health and improvement of social health care, based on a human rights-informed health education program for the prevention of dementia.Evaluation of a dementia prevention program to improve health and social care and promote human rights among older adults
Keisuke Kaneko, Fumihito Sasamori, Masao Okuhara, Suchinda Jarupat Maruo, Kazuki Ashida, Hisaaki Tabuchi, Hisaki Akasaki, Kazuki Kobayashi, Yuya Aoyagi, Noriaki Watanabe, Tomoyuki Nishino, Koji Terasawa
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to evaluate a human rights-informed dementia prevention program promoting better health and social care among older adults. In this study, the authors examined whether a dual-task training would improve cognition in healthy older adults.

Individuals attending the systematic health education program for older adults based in Japan were recruited for study inclusion, and divided into a dual-task training group (TG) and a control group (CG). The TG underwent 90 min of a weekly dual-task training for 12 weeks. Severity of dementia was measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) test. Brain function was assessed using a go/no-go task paradigm, during which cerebral blood flow was additionally measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy to quantify oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb).

MMSE total score, number of errors in the go/no-go tasks and oxy-Hb values showed significant improvements in the TG.

Owing to the small number of participants allocated to the CG, the results must be interpreted with caution. Replication and further validation based on large-scale, randomized-controlled trials is warranted.

This study highlights potential benefits of incorporating an early prevention training for dementia into a human rights-friendly health education program.

This study suggests a potential means to reduce costs of social security and health care by introducing a human rights-informed dementia prevention program.

The results suggest that dual-task training may improve cognitive function in healthy older adults, thereby contributing to better health and improvement of social health care, based on a human rights-informed health education program for the prevention of dementia.

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Evaluation of a dementia prevention program to improve health and social care and promote human rights among older adults10.1108/IJHRH-12-2021-0206International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2022-12-01© 2022 Keisuke Kaneko, Fumihito Sasamori, Masao Okuhara, Suchinda Jarupat Maruo, Kazuki Ashida, Hisaaki Tabuchi, Hisaki Akasaki, Kazuki Kobayashi, Yuya Aoyagi, Noriaki Watanabe, Tomoyuki Nishino and Koji TerasawaKeisuke KanekoFumihito SasamoriMasao OkuharaSuchinda Jarupat MaruoKazuki AshidaHisaaki TabuchiHisaki AkasakiKazuki KobayashiYuya AoyagiNoriaki WatanabeTomoyuki NishinoKoji TerasawaInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2022-12-0110.1108/IJHRH-12-2021-0206https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-12-2021-0206/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Keisuke Kaneko, Fumihito Sasamori, Masao Okuhara, Suchinda Jarupat Maruo, Kazuki Ashida, Hisaaki Tabuchi, Hisaki Akasaki, Kazuki Kobayashi, Yuya Aoyagi, Noriaki Watanabe, Tomoyuki Nishino and Koji Terasawa
Association of positive psychological factors with the mental health of older adult retirees: a systematic reviewhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-12-2022-0133/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aimed to identify which positive psychological factors are associated with the mental health of older adult retirees. Positive psychology is an emerging discipline of psychology. The study and identification of such factors could lead to increased mental health and lower stress levels of individuals (Ho et al., 2014; Abbas et al., 2019). The authors searched the following electronic databases: Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus. Thematic synthesis was used for analysis. Database search resulted in the recruitment of 948 articles; after the screening process, only 7 articles were left for further analysis. Thematic synthesis of resulting articles from systematic literature review revealed that “staying active after retirement, participation in social activities, volunteering, and presence of loved ones” are positive psychological factors that are positively associated with the mental health of older adult retirees. A few positive psychological factors and their association with the mental health of older adult retirees have been examined. Other positive psychological factors and their association with the mental health of older adult retirees are yet to be investigated in future research. First, many studies have investigated meaning and purpose in life, relationships or having intimacy, well-being, transcendence, flow or engagement, spirituality and flourishing (pleasant life, engaged life and meaningful life, relationship and achievement) (LeBon, 2014). However, many other positive psychological constructs need to be studied yet in this age group examples include wisdom, courage, mindfulness, forgiveness, resilience, emotional intelligence, hope and humor. Second, there is need of theory in the field of successful aging with respect to the positive psychology. Third, which factors negatively contributed toward the mental health of older adult could be another area of future systematic literature review. Finally, role of culture needs to be examined with reference to which positive psychological factor could be important in a specific given cultural context. The findings of the current research will be useful for clinical psychologist, counselors and gerontologists to understand which factors positively contributed toward the mental health of older adult retirees, which in turn will help to improve mental health of older adult retirees. Findings of the present study set grounds for future research in the field of gerontology in specific cultural context. The findings of this study have added to scientific body of existing literature. Better understanding of retirement can lead to increase in use of positive intervention-based programs for retirees that can facilitate them with life after retirement. Policymaker working on the well-being of older adult retirees can take help from this study’s evidence-based findings for developing any policy. Systematic literature review consolidated the existing literature review on the present topic of research. This systematic literature review highlighted factors that are associated with the enhanced mental health of older adults’ retirees. Furthermore, findings revealed the important gap in literature that is many positive psychological constructs are need to be studied yet in this age group examples includes wisdom, courage, mindfulness, forgiveness, resilience, emotional intelligence, hope and humor. Hence, this study has implications for future research.Association of positive psychological factors with the mental health of older adult retirees: a systematic review
Farhana Sajjad Kiani, Saima Ehsan
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aimed to identify which positive psychological factors are associated with the mental health of older adult retirees. Positive psychology is an emerging discipline of psychology. The study and identification of such factors could lead to increased mental health and lower stress levels of individuals (Ho et al., 2014; Abbas et al., 2019).

The authors searched the following electronic databases: Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus. Thematic synthesis was used for analysis. Database search resulted in the recruitment of 948 articles; after the screening process, only 7 articles were left for further analysis.

Thematic synthesis of resulting articles from systematic literature review revealed that “staying active after retirement, participation in social activities, volunteering, and presence of loved ones” are positive psychological factors that are positively associated with the mental health of older adult retirees. A few positive psychological factors and their association with the mental health of older adult retirees have been examined. Other positive psychological factors and their association with the mental health of older adult retirees are yet to be investigated in future research.

First, many studies have investigated meaning and purpose in life, relationships or having intimacy, well-being, transcendence, flow or engagement, spirituality and flourishing (pleasant life, engaged life and meaningful life, relationship and achievement) (LeBon, 2014). However, many other positive psychological constructs need to be studied yet in this age group examples include wisdom, courage, mindfulness, forgiveness, resilience, emotional intelligence, hope and humor. Second, there is need of theory in the field of successful aging with respect to the positive psychology. Third, which factors negatively contributed toward the mental health of older adult could be another area of future systematic literature review. Finally, role of culture needs to be examined with reference to which positive psychological factor could be important in a specific given cultural context.

The findings of the current research will be useful for clinical psychologist, counselors and gerontologists to understand which factors positively contributed toward the mental health of older adult retirees, which in turn will help to improve mental health of older adult retirees. Findings of the present study set grounds for future research in the field of gerontology in specific cultural context. The findings of this study have added to scientific body of existing literature. Better understanding of retirement can lead to increase in use of positive intervention-based programs for retirees that can facilitate them with life after retirement.

Policymaker working on the well-being of older adult retirees can take help from this study’s evidence-based findings for developing any policy.

Systematic literature review consolidated the existing literature review on the present topic of research. This systematic literature review highlighted factors that are associated with the enhanced mental health of older adults’ retirees. Furthermore, findings revealed the important gap in literature that is many positive psychological constructs are need to be studied yet in this age group examples includes wisdom, courage, mindfulness, forgiveness, resilience, emotional intelligence, hope and humor. Hence, this study has implications for future research.

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Association of positive psychological factors with the mental health of older adult retirees: a systematic review10.1108/IJHRH-12-2022-0133International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2023-05-01© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedFarhana Sajjad KianiSaima EhsanInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-05-0110.1108/IJHRH-12-2022-0133https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-12-2022-0133/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Historical prevalence of infectious diseases and gender equality in 122 countrieshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-12-2022-0137/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to examine the effects of the historical prevalence of infectious diseases on contemporary gender equality. Previous studies reveal the persistence of the effects of historical diseases on innovation, through the channel of culture. Drawing on the parasite stress theory, the authors propose a framework which argues that historical prevalence of infectious disease reduces contemporary gender equality. The study uses ordinary least squares and two-stage least squares in a cross-section with data from 122 countries between 2000 and 2021. This study provide support for the underlying hypothesis. Past diseases reduce gender equality both directly and indirectly. The strongest indirect effects occur through innovation output. Gender equality analysis may take these findings into account and incorporate disease pathogens into the design of international social policy. This study complements the extant literature by assessing the nexus between historical prevalence of infectious diseases and gender equality.Historical prevalence of infectious diseases and gender equality in 122 countries
Omang Ombolo Messono, Simplice Asongu, Vanessa Tchamyou
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to examine the effects of the historical prevalence of infectious diseases on contemporary gender equality. Previous studies reveal the persistence of the effects of historical diseases on innovation, through the channel of culture.

Drawing on the parasite stress theory, the authors propose a framework which argues that historical prevalence of infectious disease reduces contemporary gender equality. The study uses ordinary least squares and two-stage least squares in a cross-section with data from 122 countries between 2000 and 2021.

This study provide support for the underlying hypothesis. Past diseases reduce gender equality both directly and indirectly. The strongest indirect effects occur through innovation output. Gender equality analysis may take these findings into account and incorporate disease pathogens into the design of international social policy.

This study complements the extant literature by assessing the nexus between historical prevalence of infectious diseases and gender equality.

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Historical prevalence of infectious diseases and gender equality in 122 countries10.1108/IJHRH-12-2022-0137International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2023-06-12© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedOmang Ombolo MessonoSimplice AsonguVanessa TchamyouInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-06-1210.1108/IJHRH-12-2022-0137https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-12-2022-0137/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Retraction notice: Protecting healthcare through organizational support to reduce turnover intentionhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-12-2023-0097/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestRetraction notice: Protecting healthcare through organizational support to reduce turnover intentionRetraction notice: Protecting healthcare through organizational support to reduce turnover intention
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Retraction notice: Protecting healthcare through organizational support to reduce turnover intention10.1108/IJHRH-12-2023-0097International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2024-01-19© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-01-1910.1108/IJHRH-12-2023-0097https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-12-2023-0097/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Retraction notice: How workplace bullying affects nurseshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-12-2023-0098/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestRetraction notice: How workplace bullying affects nursesRetraction notice: How workplace bullying affects nurses
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Retraction notice: How workplace bullying affects nurses10.1108/IJHRH-12-2023-0098International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2024-01-19© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-01-1910.1108/IJHRH-12-2023-0098https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-12-2023-0098/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Retraction notice: Enhancing nurses well-being through managerial coaching: a mediating modelhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-12-2023-0099/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestRetraction notice: Enhancing nurses well-being through managerial coaching: a mediating modelRetraction notice: Enhancing nurses well-being through managerial coaching: a mediating model
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Retraction notice: Enhancing nurses well-being through managerial coaching: a mediating model10.1108/IJHRH-12-2023-0099International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2024-01-19© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-01-1910.1108/IJHRH-12-2023-0099https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-12-2023-0099/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Retraction notice: How workplace bullying affects nurses' well-being? The roles of burnout and passive avoidant leadershiphttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-12-2023-0100/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestRetraction notice: How workplace bullying affects nurses' well-being? The roles of burnout and passive avoidant leadershipRetraction notice: How workplace bullying affects nurses' well-being? The roles of burnout and passive avoidant leadership
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Retraction notice: How workplace bullying affects nurses' well-being? The roles of burnout and passive avoidant leadership10.1108/IJHRH-12-2023-0100International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare2024-01-19© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedInternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcareahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-01-1910.1108/IJHRH-12-2023-0100https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-12-2023-0100/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited