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Framework for the application of explainable artificial intelligence techniques in the service of democracy

Marta Sofia Marques da Encarnacao (Nova Information Management School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa – Campus de Campolide, Lisbon, Portugal)
Maria Anastasiadou (Nova Information Management School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa – Campus de Campolide, Lisbon, Portugal)
Vitor Santos (Nova Information Management School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa – Campus de Campolide, Lisbon, Portugal)

Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy

ISSN: 1750-6166

Article publication date: 24 July 2024

Issue publication date: 31 October 2024

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Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to explore explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) in democracy, proposing an applicable framework. With artificial intelligence’s (AI) increasing use in democracies, the demand for transparency and accountability in AI decision-making is recognized. XAI addresses AI “black boxes” by enhancing model transparency.

Design/methodology/approach

This study includes a thorough literature review of XAI. The methodology chosen was design science research to enable design theory and problem identification about XAI’s state of the art. Thereby finding and gathering crucial information to build a framework that aims to help solve issues and gaps where XAI can be of major influence in the service of democracy.

Findings

This framework has four main steps to be applied in the service of democracy by applying the different possible XAI techniques that may help mitigate existing challenges and risks for the democratic system. The proposed artifact intends to display and include all the necessary steps to select the most suitable XAI technology. Examples were given for every step of the artifact to provide a clear understanding of what was being proposed.

Originality/value

An evaluation of the proposed framework was made through interviews with specialists from different areas related to the topics in the study. The interviews were important for measuring the framework’s validity and originality.

Keywords

Citation

Marques da Encarnacao, M.S., Anastasiadou, M. and Santos, V. (2024), "Framework for the application of explainable artificial intelligence techniques in the service of democracy", Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, Vol. 18 No. 4, pp. 638-656. https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-02-2024-0030

Publisher

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Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2024, Emerald Publishing Limited

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