Integrating leadership research: a meta-analytical test of Yukl’s meta-categories of leadership
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to test the theoretical proposition, put forward by Yukl et al. (2002), that the leadership constructs of transformational and transactional leadership, laissez-faire, consideration, and initiating structure can be arranged into three meta-categories of leadership, namely, relations, task, and change-oriented leadership.
Design/methodology/approach
After a comprehensive literature search, 1,402 correlations from 286 sources were obtained which referred to the above mentioned leadership constructs and outcome criteria of effective leadership.
Findings
It was found that three meta-categories of leadership (i.e. relations, task, and change-oriented leadership) were sufficient to explain the leadership constructs of transformational and transactional leadership, laissez-faire, consideration, and initiating structure. Moreover, it was also found that change-oriented leadership was most effective in predicting the job satisfaction of followers. In contrast, relations-oriented leadership accounted for most of the variance in both commitment and job performance.
Research limitations/implications
In combination, these results allow for a more comprehensive, integrative description of effective leadership behavior.
Practical implications
The results have implications for leadership assessment and development as well as leader selection and feedback.
Originality/value
Applying Occam’s razor, and in contrast to the majority of prior leadership studies, the present meta-analytical study provided evidence that three categories of leadership behaviors allow for a precise and comprehensive description of effective leadership behavior.
Keywords
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, No Ro 3058/5-1, Principal Investigator: Jens Rowold). The support of Ron Piccolo, Timothy Judge with data collection assistance is gratefully acknowledged, as is the support of Anneke Soepper, Tobias Antonik, and Jasmin Laurenawitz with data analysis. The helpful comments from Gary Yukl on this manuscript were greatly appreciated.
Citation
Borgmann, L., Rowold, J. and Bormann, K.C. (2016), "Integrating leadership research: a meta-analytical test of Yukl’s meta-categories of leadership", Personnel Review, Vol. 45 No. 6, pp. 1340-1366. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-07-2014-0145
Publisher
:Emerald Group Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2016, Emerald Group Publishing Limited