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RETRACTED: Hybrid cumulative approach for localization of nodes with adaptive threshold gradient feature on energy minimization using federated learning

Adumbabu I. (Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Annamalai University, Cuddalore, India)
K. Selvakumar (Department of Information Technology, Annamalai University, Cuddalore, India)

International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications

ISSN: 1742-7371

Article publication date: 17 June 2022

Issue publication date: 8 November 2024

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This article was retracted on 26 Nov 2024.

Retraction statement

The publishers of International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications wish to retract the article I., A. and Selvakumar, K. (2024), “Hybrid cumulative approach for localization of nodes with adaptive threshold gradient feature on energy minimization using federated learning”, International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications, Vol. 20 No. 4, pp. 496-509. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPCC-02-2022-0045

An internal investigation into a series of submissions has uncovered evidence that the peer review process was compromised. As a result of these concerns, the findings of the article cannot be relied upon. This decision has been taken in accordance with Emerald’s publishing ethics and the COPE guidelines on retractions.

Despite numerous attempts to contact the authors, the journal has received no response; the response of the authors would be gratefully received.

The publishers of the journal sincerely apologize to the readers.

Abstract

Purpose

Localization of the nodes is crucial for gaining access of different nodes which would provision in extreme areas where networks are unreachable. The feature of localization of nodes has become a significant study where multiple features on distance model are implicated on predictive and heuristic model for each set of localization parameters that govern the design on energy minimization with proposed adaptive threshold gradient feature (ATGF) model. A received signal strength indicator (RSSI) model with node estimated features is implicated with localization problem and enhanced with hybrid cumulative approach (HCA) algorithm for node optimizations with distance predicting.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a theoretical or empirical signal propagation model, the RSSI (known transmitting power) is converted to distance, the received power (measured at the receiving node) is converted to distance and the distance is converted to RSSI (known receiving power). As a result, the approximate distance between the transceiver node and the receiver may be determined by measuring the intensity of the received signal. After acquiring information on the distance between the anchor node and the unknown node, the location of the unknown node may be determined using either the trilateral technique or the maximum probability estimate approach, depending on the circumstances using federated learning.

Findings

Improvisation of localization for wireless sensor network has become one of the prime design features for estimating the different conditional changes externally and internally. One such feature of improvement is observed in this paper, via HCA where each feature of localization is depicted with machine learning algorithms imparting the energy reduction problem for each newer localized nodes in Section 5. All affected parametric features on energy levels and localization problem for newer and extinct nodes are implicated with hybrid cumulative approach as in Section 4. The proposed algorithm (HCA with AGTF) has implicated with significant change in energy levels of nodes which are generated newly and which are non-active for a stipulated time which are mentioned and tabulated in figures and tables in Section 6.

Originality/value

Localization of the nodes is crucial for gaining access of different nodes which would provision in extreme areas where networks are unreachable. The feature of localization of nodes has become a significant study where multiple features on distance model are implicated on predictive and heuristic model for each set of localization parameters that govern the design on energy minimization with proposed ATGF model. An RSSI model with node estimated features is implicated with localization problem and enhanced with HCA algorithm for node optimizations with distance predicting.

Keywords

Citation

I., A. and Selvakumar, K. (2024), "RETRACTED: Hybrid cumulative approach for localization of nodes with adaptive threshold gradient feature on energy minimization using federated learning", International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications, Vol. 20 No. 4, pp. 496-509. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPCC-02-2022-0045

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited

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