The hidden standards war: economic factors affecting IPv6 deployment
Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance
ISSN: 2398-5038
Article publication date: 6 November 2020
Issue publication date: 3 December 2020
Abstract
Purpose
The data communications protocol supporting the internet protocol version 4 (IPv4) is almost 40 years old, and its 32-bit address space is too small for the internet. A “next-generation” internet protocol version 6 (IPv6), has a much larger, 128-bit address space. However, IPv6 is not backward compatible with the existing internet. For 20 years, the internet technical community has attempted to migrate the entire internet to the new standard. This study aims to address important but overlooked questions about the internet’s technical evolution: will the world converge on IPv6? Will IPv6 die out? or will we live in a mixed world for the foreseeable future?
Design/methodology/approach
The research offers an economically-grounded study of IPv6’s progress and prospects. Many promoters of IPv6 sincerely believe that the new standard must succeed if the internet is to grow, and assume that the transition is inevitable because of the presumed depletion of the IPv4 address resources. However, by examining the associated network effects, developing the economic parameters for transition, and modeling the underlying economic forces, which impact network operator decisions, the study paints a more complex, nuanced picture.
Findings
The report concludes that legacy IPv4 will coexist with IPv6 indefinitely. IPv6 is unlikely to become an orphan. For some network operators that need to grow, particularly mobile networks where the software and hardware ecosystem is mostly converted, IPv6 deployment can make economic sense. However, the lack of backward compatibility with non-deployers eliminates many network effects that would create pressure to convert to IPv6. A variety of conversion technologies, and more efficient use of IPv4 addresses using network address translation, will support a “mixed world” of the two standards for the foreseeable future.
Originality/value
The authors’ conceptualization and observations provide a clearer understanding of the economic factors affecting the transition to IPv6.
Keywords
Acknowledgements
This research was commissioned by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) Office of the Chief Technology Officer (OCTO), which provided partial funding for the project and facilitated access to data. We note that ICANN did not control the content or direct the research; the authors were free to draw their own conclusions and are fully responsible.
Citation
Kuerbis, B. and Mueller, M. (2020), "The hidden standards war: economic factors affecting IPv6 deployment", Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance, Vol. 22 No. 4, pp. 333-361. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPRG-10-2019-0085
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited