Crucial role in Discovery mission's success

Citation

(2006), "Crucial role in Discovery mission's success", Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, Vol. 78 No. 1. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat.2006.12778aaf.002

Crucial role in Discovery mission's success

Crucial role in Discovery mission's success

Keywords: Spacecraft, Heaters

The Discovery shuttle landed safely after elaborate, intensive planning, and consequent modifications undertaken to make the space shuttle flight safer, as part of the “Return-to-Flight” program. Chromalox reports that it was part of this program – a crucial step towards ensuring the safety and success of future space shuttle missions.

The Chromalox-NASA relationship has a 20-year history. Chromalox heaters have been supplied to NASA and used for the ground support systems. They have been used in 184 launches to-date. After the Columbia shuttle tragedy, Chromalox had an opportunity to play a crucial role in making the shuttle safer.

Investigators believe that during Columbia's launch in January 2003, insulating foam from the bipod broke off the external tank during lift-off. They believe this damaged the Orbiter's left wing, creating a hole. Searing gases entered the hole upon re-entry, leading to its destruction and causing the tragic death of seven astronauts. One of the recommendations by the Columbia Accident Investigation Board was the elimination of foam and its replacement with heaters, in order to minimise potential debris.

In September of 2004, Chromalox heaters successfully completed the qualification testing to be used on the new bipod. The anti-icing cartridge heaters are mounted in a copper plate between the bipod fitting and the phenolic isolator at the bipod attachment assemblies to the forward orbiter attachment point. The function of the heaters during the launch phase is to maintain the web area of the bipod attachment fitting above 32°F so as to prevent the formation of ice that could dislodge in flight and damage the orbiter. The Chromalox heater type used was a 1/4" diameter cartridge, hermetically sealed with flange fitting, and 15 feet of Kapton wrapped, shielded cable, which is brazed to pins and potted to provide a moisture barrier to attachment point of cable.

Referring to the replacement of foam with heaters on the bipod of the external tank, NASA deputy associate administrator Michael Kostelnik said, “This is a fix that really gets to the root of the technical problems that caused the loss of Columbia. By eliminating this debris source as well as potential debris from other areas, we are making the shuttle a safer spacecraft”. By flying the Discovery and bringing it home safe, NASA achieved one of its major goals in this mission: to “Return-to-Flight”. “The crew of Discovery and all the NASA support teams should be an inspiration to us all. Their dedication to task and exemplary performance throughout the RTF effort made for an almost flawless mission. It was a job well done!”, says Amy Barker, Component Heater Design engineer.