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Analysis of tourism demand using a multi-dimensional panel gravity model

Ferda Yerdelen Tatoglu (Department of Econometrics, Istanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey)
Hasan Gul (Department of Tourism Management, Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Adana, Turkey)

Tourism Review

ISSN: 1660-5373

Article publication date: 29 November 2019

Issue publication date: 19 March 2020

851

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to estimate the determinants of international tourist flows between destinations by using the panel gravity model.

Design/methodology/approach

The multi-dimensional panel gravity model was used to analyse tourism originating from 30 different countries to the 14 most-visited countries in the world between 2008 and 2016. Income (i.e. per capita gross domestic product for both the origin and destination countries), distance between countries, various economic indicators and six dummy variables were added to the gravity model as control variables.

Findings

The results indicated that tourist arrivals depended mainly on economic factors, i.e. income and trade variables were significant determinants of tourist arrivals. The results also suggested that estimated international tourist flows are a negative function of distance, as is postulated in economic theory.

Originality/value

In recent years, gravity models have been used frequently to analyse international tourism demand and have demonstrated their ability to evaluate the effects of various determinants of international tourism for many countries. The literature includes studies that used a two-dimensional panel gravity model to analyse the determinants of tourism demand to a single country from many different countries. This study differs in terms of specificity; in that, it relied on a three-dimensional panel gravity model that allowed for modelling of multiple destination countries. As a result, more comprehensive and general results relative to the determinants of tourism demand were obtained. In addition, the application of a non-nested three-dimensional panel data model, which has limited use, contributes a new perspective to the econometric literature.

Purpose目的

本研究旨在通过采用面板引力模型来估计目的地之间国际旅游流量的决定因素。

Design/methodology/approach设计/方法/方法

多维面板引力模型用于分析2008年至2016年间来自30个不同国家的游客赴世界上前14位旅游目的地国家的旅游情况。收入(即客源国和目的地国家的人均国内生产总值), 国家之间的距离, 各种经济指标和六个虚拟变量作为控制变量加入到引力模型中。

Findings调查结果

结果表明, 游客到访主要取决于经济因素, 即收入和贸易变量是游客到访的重要决定因素。结果还表明, 估计的国际旅游流量是距离的负函数。

Originality/value创意/价值

近年来, 引力模型经常被用来分析国际旅游需求, 并证明了它们能够评估许多国家的各种国际旅游决定因素的影响。文献包括使用二维面板引力模型来分析来自许多不同国家的单个国家的旅游需求的决定因素的研究。该研究的不同之处在于, 它依赖于非嵌套集合模型三维面板引力模型, 允许对多个目的地国家进行建模。因此, 此研究获得了与旅游需求决定因素相关的更全面和广泛的结果。此外, 使用不常运用的非嵌套三维面板数据模型的应用为计量经济学文献提供了新的视角。

关键词

国际旅游需求, 重力模型, 多维面板数据模型

Propósito

Este estudio tiene como objetivo estimar los determinantes de los flujos turísticos internacionales entre destinos mediante el uso del modelo de panel de gravedad.

Diseño/metodología/enfoque

El modelo de gravedad de panel multidimensional se utilizó para analizar el turismo que se originó en 30 países diferentes a los 14 países más visitados del mundo entre 2008 y 2016.

Resultados

Los resultados indicaron que las llegadas de turistas dependían principalmente de factores económicos, es decir, las variables de ingresos y comercio fueron determinantes significativos de las llegadas de turistas. Los resultados también sugirieron que los flujos turísticos internacionales estimados son una función negativa de la distancia.

Originalidad/valor

En los últimos años, los modelos de gravedad se han utilizado con frecuencia para analizar la demanda turística internacional y han demostrado su capacidad para evaluar los efectos de varios determinantes del turismo internacional para muchos países. La literatura incluye estudios que utilizaron un modelo de gravedad de panel bidimensional para analizar los determinantes de la demanda turística a un solo país desde muchos países diferentes. Este estudio difiere en términos de especificidad en que se basó en un modelo tridimensional de panel de gravedad que permitió el modelado de múltiples países de destino.

Palabras clave

Demanda turística internacional, Modelo de gravedad, Modelo de datos de panel multidimensional

Keywords

Citation

Yerdelen Tatoglu, F. and Gul, H. (2020), "Analysis of tourism demand using a multi-dimensional panel gravity model", Tourism Review, Vol. 75 No. 2, pp. 433-447. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-05-2019-0147

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2019, Emerald Publishing Limited

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