AAA. See American Anthropological Association (AAA)

AAUP. See American Association of University Professors (AAUP)

Academia

, xiv

Academy of Social Sciences (AcSS)

, xxiv, 3, 5, 80, 104, 112, 126, 136–137, 159, 172

cross-disciplinary discussions

, 113

implications for research governance and ethics review

, 118

model clauses for ethics codes

, 122–123

principles

, 114

privacy, autonomy, diversity and dignity of individuals

, 114–116

research integrity in social sciences

, 120–121

social science researchers should acknowledge social responsibilities

, 116–117

virtuous researcher

, 119–120

work collectively towards common code

, 119

work towards common modules

, 119

‘Acceptance’

, 22

Accountability

, 52

AcSS Working Group

, xxiv

Adoption by research organizations

, 90–91

All European Academies (ALLEA)

, 201, 204

American Anthropological Association (AAA)

, 66

American Association of University Professors (AAUP)

, 45n1, 46n6

Annual Meeting of Global Research Council

, 207

Anthropological reflections on collaborative process

absence of philosophers

, 133–136

code of ethics

, 136–137

ethical governance

, 126–127

medicine

, 131–133

reflecting on remaking of research ethics

, 128–130

REG principles

, 138

socio-historical differences

, 139–140

Anthropological sensibility

, 33

Anthropologists

, 64

Anticipatory controls

, 115

ARC/NHMRC funding

, xviii

Aristotelian analysis

, 12

Articulating social science research ethics

, 130

Association of Research Ethics Committees (AREC). See UK Association of Research Ethics (AfRE)

‘Atrocity tale’

, 130

Autoethnography

, xxv

Autonomy

, 63–64

Autonomy of individuals

, 114–116

Awareness

, xlvii

Belmont principles

, 24

Belmont Report

, xv

Benchmarks

, 6–7

Big Data

, xlii, 119

analyses

, 178–179

Big Society

, 14

Bioethicists

, 133

Bioethics

, 129, 130

principles of

, 58

Biomedical ethics

, 6

Biomedical models

, 48, 112

Biomedical research

, 40, 42, 140

frameworks

, 62, 63

of research ethics

, 131–132

Biomedical research ethics

, 132–133, 137, 139

history of medicine’s unique capacity

, 57

oldest rule in medical ethics

, 56

‘possibly public role’

, 60

principle-based ethics for social sciences

, 58

See also Social science research

Biomedical researchers

, 136

Biomedical sciences

, 38

normative objectives of ethical regulation in

, 39

powerful/knowledgeable position in

, 42–43

Bottom-up process

, 134

Boyd, Kenneth M.

, xlv, liii

Brey, Philip

, liii–liv

British Humanities Index

, xii

British Library

, 113

British Psychological Association

, 163

British Psychological Society (BPS)

, xxxix

British Sociological Association (BSA)

, xxxix, xlii

Bureaucratic nature

, 62

Canada’s research ethics policies

, 70

Canadian experience

develop standards for research practice

, 104

governance of responsible conduct of research

, 108

indigenous community

, 106

questionable research practices

, 107

TCPS

, 2, 105

Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR)

, 66

Canadian research ethics boards

, 106

Canadian Tri-Council Policy Statements (TCPS)

, xvi, xviii

Carpenter, David

, xliii, liv, 20, 51–52

Casuistry

, 133

Caveat

, 81

CECs. See Clinical Ethics Committees (CECs)

CFRS recommended the establishment

, 206

Charter

, 202

CIHR. See Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR)

Civil society organisations (CSOs)

, 192

Clinical Ethics Committees (CECs)

, 140

‘Coalface’

, xix

Code

, 163

Codification

, 31

consequences of

, 137

Codified principles

, 137

CoIME Issues. See Committee on Conflict of Interests, Scientific Misconduct and Ethical Issues (CoIME Issues)

Collaborative process

, 134

Collegiality

, 52

Colonisation process

, 69

Colonizer and the Colonized, The (1965)

, 69

‘Commitments’

, 31

Committee on Conflict of Interests, Scientific Misconduct and Ethical Issues (CoIME Issues)

, 203

Committee on Freedom and Responsibility in Conduct of Science of International Council for Science

, 205

Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)

, xvi, 216–217

Common good

, 9, 24

Common principles

, 113, 186, 207, 213

Communitarian principles

deontology

, 21–22

ESRC

, 24–25

principlism

, 20–21

research ethics principles

, 20

social acceptability

, 22–23

Communitarianism

, 15–16

Competence

, 52

Comprehensive literature reviews

, xii, xiii, 79

Concordat to Support Research Integrity (2012)

, 79, 85, 97

Conference

, xli

group’s priorities after

, xli–xliii

Confidentiality, conceptions of

, 67

Consensus

, 80–82

Consequentialism

, 10, 21

CONSIDER

, xx

Contemporary societies

, 113

Corporate Social Responsibility standards (CSR standards)

, 193

Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS)

, xv, 191, 192

Council of EU Research Ministers

, 203

Council of the European Union, the

, 203

Creative arts

, 114

CRID. See Research Centre on IT and Law–University of Namur (CRID)

Cross-cultural research

, xlii, 119

Cross-disciplinary principles

, 5–6

CSOs. See Civil society organisations (CSOs)

CSR standards. See Corporate Social Responsibility standards (CSR standards)

Cultural difference/pluralism, respect for

, 52

Danish Code of Conduct for Research Integrity

, 205

‘Datascapes’

, 135

De-identification

, 212

Declaration of Helsinki

, 178–179

for World Medical Association

, xv

Democratic participation

, 52

Deontology

, 10, 21–22

DG. See Directorate General (DG)

Dignity of individuals

, 114–116

Dingwall, Robert

, xxxviii, liv, 132

Directorate General (DG)

, 191

Information Society

, 159, 169

Discrepancy of virtues

, 70–72

Dissemination ethics

, 217

Diversity of individuals

, 114–116

Double effect

, 46n3

E-research

, xxv

Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)

, xvii–xviii, xxxvii, 24–25, 38, 127, 138, 159, 160

Framework for Research Ethics

, 43, 144n4

Editorial advisory group

, xxxi–xxxii

EGE. See European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies (EGE)

EHRC. See Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC)

Embedded ethics

, 31

ethical project

, 30

ethics principles

, 33–34

respect

, 32–33

social science research

, 31

up-front ethics

, 31–32

Embracing codification

, 140

Emmerich, Nathan

, xlvi, liv–lv

Empathy

, 53

Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC)

, 218

ERC. See European Research Council (ERC)

ERC Executive Agency (ERCEA)

, 202–203

ERC Scientific Council

, 203

ERCEA. See ERC Executive Agency (ERCEA)

ESF. See European Science Foundation (ESF)

Ethical

analysis

, 6–7

assessment

, 187–188, 213

boundaries

, 200

decision-making

, 49–51

guidance

, 187–188, 213

guidelines

, 159, 164–165, 169

implications

, 53

issues

, 129–130

principles

, 49, 118, 216

regulation

, 20, 24, 38

review

, 5, 49–51, 152–153

Ethical Guidelines for International Comparative Social Science Research

, 160

Ethical protocols and standards

aims of workshop

, 179–180

‘Declaration of Helsinki’

, 178–179

follow-up activities

, 183–184

issues

, 180–181

recommendations

, 181–183

and social sciences research

, 178

Ethics

assessors

, 188

across disciplines

, xvi

of ethics governance

, 126

governance

, 127

on ground and ethics templates

, 68

of medical practice

, 56

policies

, 66

principles in social science research

, 51

regimes

, 62, 69

review

, 118

Ethics assessment

, 187–188

in scientific fields

, 188–190

in types of organisations

, 192–193

Ethics codes

, 62

for ‘trust’ and ‘trustworthiness’

, 71

of academic and professional societies

, 73

Ethics rupture

, 152, 212–213

ethics guidelines

, 155

professional codes of ethical practice

, 154

SRA ethics guidelines

, 153

Ethics Rupture Summit

, 172

Ethnography

, 4, 31

sensibility

, 33

Ethos

, 136

EU. See European Union (EU)

Eudaimonia

, 13

Europe, safeguarding research integrity in

initiatives at EU level

, 201–205

international organizations, research integrity and

, 205–207

Singapore Statement on Research Integrity

, 200

European Anti-Fraud Office

, 203

European Charter for Researchers

, 202

European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity

, 201–202, 204

European Commission (EC)

, xxix, 186, 191, 210n18, 213

Framework Programme

, 159

European Federation of Academies of Sciences and of Humanities

, 204

European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies (EGE)

, 191, 203

European Research Area (ERA)

, xix, 162

European Research Council (ERC)

, 179, 202

European Research Funding Organisations (RFO)

, 184n8

European Research Integrity Initiative

, 204

European Research Performing Organisations (RPO)

, 184n8

European Research Values post-FP7

, xx

European Science Foundation (ESF)

, 201–202, 204, 205

European Standards of Social Science Research

, 161–162

European Union (EU)

, 201

countries

, 193–195

and global ethics assessment and guidance

, 188–189, 190–192

Fabrication

, 210n2

Far-reaching implications

, 119–120

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5)

, xvi

Finch, Dame Janet

, 215

‘Fluid social mediums’

, 59, 60

Fostering Responsible Research

, 206

Foundations for ethical research

, xv–xxiv

Framework for Research Ethics (FRE)

, xliii, 41, 131

sixth key principle

, 46n7

Freedom of Information Act in UK

, 43

Generalisation

, 117

Generic ethics principles

, 83, 104, 138

background

, xxxvii–xxxviii

basic standards

, 83–84

conference

, xli

constructing principles

, 8–9

cross-disciplinary principles

, 5–6

ethical analysis

, 6–7

group’s priorities after conference

, xli–xliii

initial work

, xxxviii–xxxix

Kantianism

, 10–11

less contentious theories

, 9

ongoing process

, 83

prescriptive or non-restrictive principles and standards

, 87–88

principlism

, 7–8

prioritization

, 14–15

regulatory function

, 4–5

researcher virtues

, 13–14

sample documents

, 85–87

in social science research

, 3–4

socio-political issue

, 15–16

symposia

, xxxix–xl

virtues

, 12–13

Generic principles

, 136–138, 153

Global Ethics Code

, xxi

Global Research Council (GRC)

, xxx, xxxi

Global Summit of National Bioethics Advisory Bodies

, 192

Golden Rule of perspective-taking

, xxvii

Gorup, Meta

, lv

Government Social Research Unit and Department of Health

, 160

h-index

, xiv

Hammersley, Martyn

, xliii–xliv, lv

Harmonisation

, xxi, xxii

Health Research Authority (HRA)

, xl

Hemmings, Annette

, 65, 72

Higher Education Funding Councils (HEFCE)

, xxxviii

Hippocratic Oath

, 56

HIVA. See Research Institute for Work and Society–University of Leuven (HIVA)

Honesty

, 25

Hoonaard, Will C. van den

, xlv, lx, 202

Horizon

, 2020, xxix, lvi, 172, 202–204

Human dignity

, 105

Humility

, 25

Hunter, Rosemary

, xliv, lv–lvi

Hybrid approach

, 84

IES. See Institute for Employment Studies (IES)

‘Impact agenda’

, 214–215

Impact assessment

, 215

Imperialism

, 127

Inclusiveness

, 53

Independence

, 52

Individual autonomy and dignity

, 52

Information Society

, 162

Information Society Technologies (IST)

, xvi

Institute for Employment Studies (IES)

, 164

Institute for Information, Telecommunications and Media Law (ITM)

, 164

Institutional approach

, 130

Institutional legitimacy

, 112

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

, xviii–xix, xxii, 45n1, 152

Institutionalised approach

, 130

Institutionalised medical research

, 114

Integrity

, xlvi–xlix, 52

Interagency Advisory Panel on Research Ethics

, 106–107

Interdependence

, 63–64

Interdisciplinary ethics

, xlvi–xlix

Interdisciplinary research

, 162

International organizations, research integrity and

, 205–207

International research

, 159, 162

International Sociological Association (ISA)

, 160

Internet

, xiv

Internet-mediated research

, xxvi

Inverted totalitarianism

, 65

Iphofen, Ron

, xxxviii, xlvii, xlix, lvi

ISA. See International Sociological Association (ISA)

ITM. See Institute for Information, Telecommunications and Media Law (ITM)

Jansen, Philip

, lvi

‘Jobbing’ researchers

, xiii–xiv

Journalism

, 115, 216

Kantianism

, 10

Kritikos, Mihalis

, xlvii, lvi–lvii

Kudos

, xiv

Learned Societies

, 3–4, 128, 129

Legal boundaries

, 200

Legal partners

, 164

Less contentious theories

, 9

Lewis, Janet

, xxxviii, lvii

LinkedIn

, xiv

Lombardo, Gabi

, xlvii, lvii

Lower/middle-income countries (LMICs)

, xxiii

MacDonald, Sharon

, xliv, lvii, 52, 126–127

‘Machinery’ for searching

, xii

Mandatory guidance

, 89–90

Mandatory principles and standards

, 88–91

‘Marginalised’ communities

, 215

Market research

, 215

Mass media

, 217–218

Medical model of ethical codes and ethics committees

, 57–58

Medical research

, 57

unspoken ethics of

, 56–57

Medical Research Council

, xvii

Medical sociologist

, 129

Medicine

, 131–133

Member States

, 204

Memorandum

, 201

Mendeley

, xiv, 121n8

Mental Capacity Act (2005)

, 121n8

Milgram’s experiments

, 158

Model clauses for ethics codes

, 122–123

Montreal Statement on Research Integrity in Cross-Boundary Research Collaborations

, 206–207

Moral philosophy

, 133

Morality

, 9

Motherhood and apple pie

, 117

National ethics committees (NECs)

, 192

National Ethics Councils Forum (NEC Forum)

, 191

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

, 138–139

National Research Ethics Service (NRES)

, 131

National Science Foundation (NSF)

, xxx

National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research (2007)

, xviii

National Union of Journalists (NUJ)

, 160–161

Natural sciences

, 132, 134

NEC Forum. See National Ethics Councils Forum (NEC Forum)

NECs. See National ethics committees (NECs)

New Brunswick Declaration

, 153, 154–155

NIH. See National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Non-EU countries

, 193–195

Non-restrictive principles and standards

, 87–88

Normative ethical theory

, 5

Normative ethics

, 32

Normative principles

, 38

Normative social structure

, 134

NRES. See National Research Ethics Service (NRES)

NUCLEUS

, xx

NUJ. See National Union of Journalists (NUJ)

Nuremburg Code (1947)

, xv, 43

Oates, John

, xxxviii, lvii

OLAF

, 203

Ongoing process

, 83, 92

Open-mindedness

, 53

‘Ordinary’ researchers

, xiv

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

, xxx, 191–192, 205

Osmosis theory of medical education

, 56

PAR. See Participatory action research (PAR)

Paradigmatic closure

, xii

Parry, James

, lvii–lix

Participant protection model (PPM)

, xl, xliv, 38–40, 48, 49–51, 114–115, 131

Participatory action research (PAR)

, 21

Patient protection model. See Participant protection model (PPM)

Performance management

, 112

Philosophers

, 136

Philosophical approach

, 136

Philosophical project

, 133

Phronesis

, 13

Plagiarism

, 210n2

Pluralistic approach

, 213

Popularisation

, 216

Practical machinery

, 64

Practitioners

, 115

Preference satisfactions

, 9

Prescriptive principles and standards

, 87–88

primum non nocere (oldest rule in medical ethics)

, 56

Principle-based ethics for social sciences

, 58

Principle-based medical ethics

, 58

Principles of justice

, 46n4

Principles of research integrity

, 200

Principlism

, 5, 6, 7–8, 20–21, 113

Principlism approach

, 190

Privacy of individuals

, 114–116

Professional ethics

, 139

Professional researchers

, 139–140

Professional standards

, 164, 168, 170

Programming rules

, 118

Promoting Integrity as Integral Dimension of Excellence in Research project (PRINTEGER project)

, xx, 172–173

Putative principles

, 5

Quasi-legal phrase

, 200

Questionable research practices

, 82, 107

Questionnaire survey

, 116

R&I. See Research and innovation (R&I)

Rawlins, Sir Michael

, xxxviii

Rawlins Review

, xxxviii

Rawlsian notions

, 15

RCR Framework. See Responsible Conduct of Research Framework (RCR Framework)

REB. See Research Ethics Board (REB)

REF. See Research Ethics Framework (REF); Research Excellence Framework (REF)

Reflexivity

, 48, 52

REG. See Research Ethics Group (REG)

Remote communities

, 215

Research

, 7

assessment

, 215–216

community

, xxvi

governance

, 112, 118

misconduct

, 200–201

organizations

, 204

participants

, 39, 48, 122

standards

, 94–95

Research and innovation (R&I)

, 186, 187, 201

Research as social practice

ethical decision-making

, 49–51

ethical review

, 49–51

PPM

, 49–51

values

, 51–53

Research Centre on IT and Law–University of Namur (CRID)

, 164

Research Councils UK (RCUK)

, xxxviii

Research ethics

, xvi, xxxii, 6, 25, 48, 80, 97–98, 112–113, 114, 127, 164, 168, 170, 173, 179, 182–183, 211–212

approach and treatment

, xxv–xxvi

COPE

, 216–217

developments in ethics

, 214

ethics rupture

, 212–213

fourth key principle of ESRC’s Framework for

, 43–44

impact agenda

, 214–215

integrity in

, 218

mass media

, 217–218

principle of

, 42

professionals

, 138

recommendations

, 218–221

research assessment

, 215–216

SATORI Project

, 213–214

and social sciences

, xliii–xlvi

Research Ethics Board (REB)

, 65

Research Ethics Committees (RECs)

, xxxii, 57, 128, 152, 192, 212

Research Ethics Framework (REF)

, 131

Research Ethics Group (REG)

, 126–128, 130

activities of

, 136

principles

, 138

purpose of

, 134

Research ethics review process

biomedical research

, 74

colonised societies

, 69

conceptions of confidentiality

, 67

critique or affirmation of status quo

, 65–66

differences between social and biomedical research

, 63

discrepancy of virtues

, 70–72

ethics committees

, 72

ethics on ground and ethics templates

, 68

policy makers

, 73

principle of autonomy flies

, 64

REBs

, 66

social science paradigm

, 62

Research Excellence Framework (REF)

, 215

Research Institute for Work and Society–University of Leuven (HIVA)

, 164

Research integrity

, xvi, 32, 77–78, 97–98, 104, 120–121

ethical project

, 30

ethics principles

, 33–34

initiatives at EU level

, 201–205

international organizations, research integrity and

, 205–207

respect

, 32–33

Singapore Statement on Research Integrity

, 200

social science research

, 31

United Kingdom issues of

, 78

up-front ethics

, 31–32

Research practice, developing standards for

consensus

, 80–82

generic ethics principles

, 83–88

mandatory principles and standards

, 88–91

relevance of standards for research

, 94–97

research ethics

, 97–98

research integrity

, 78

research integrity

, 97–98

self-evident

, 80

standards for research

, 91–94

UKRIO

, 79–80

voluntary principles and standards

, 88–91

Researcher/participant relationship conceptualisation

, 42–44

Researchers

, 48, 200

‘jobbing’

, xiii–xiv

‘ordinary’

, xiv

virtues

, 13

ResearchGate

, xiv

RESPECT project

, xvi, xvii, xix, xx, xxvii, xlvii, 158

balancing conflicting requirements

, 165–167

DG Information Society

, 159

dissemination and impact of project

, 167

DG Information Society

, 169

Europe-wide code

, 168

Internet search in

, 168–169

embarking on project

, 162

European Standards of Social Science Research

, 161–162

harmonising heterogeneous team

, 164–165

idea surfaces

, 160–161

professional standards guidelines

, 171

publications in

, 176

recent initiatives

, 171–173

social scientists

, 170

SRA

, 160

‘tick box’ approach

, 170

See also SATORI project

Responsible conduct of research

, 200

global guide to

, 2063

Responsible Conduct of Research Framework (RCR Framework)

, 105

Responsible research, principles for

, 206

Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI)

, xx, 187

RFO. See European Research Funding Organisations (RFO)

Rhode, Barbara

, xix

Rights

, 6

Rodrigues, Rowena

, lix

Rousseau’s notion

, 22

RPO. See European Research Performing Organisations (RPO)

‘Rule of As’

, 56–57

Scandals

, 78

Scientific community

, 201

Scientific integrity

, 77–78

Second World Conference on Research Integrity

, 201–202

Seduction of Ethics, The

, 151

Self-evident standards

, 80

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7)

, xx, 186

Shelley-Egan, Clare

, lix

Singapore Statement on Research Integrity

, 200, 206

Sixth framework programme (FP6)

, xix

Sleat, Matt

, xliv, lix–lx, 48, 56, 62, 131–132

argument

, 50

SLSA. See Socio-Legal Studies Association (SLSA)

Social ‘impact agenda’

, 32

Social acceptability

, 9, 22, 51–52

Social activity

, 48

Social and political philosophy

, 5

Social anthropological research

, 30

Social Care Research Ethics Committee (SCREC)

, xl

Social community

, 72

Social good

, 66

Social media

, 119

Social research

, 215

Social Research Association (SRA)

, xxxvii–xxxviii, xlii, 159, 160, 164

Social researchers

, 63

Social responsibility

, 52

Social science research

, 82, 83, 158, 168, 170, 178

conceptualisation harm

, 40–42

conceptualisation researcher/participant relationship

, 42–44

ethics

, 51, 127

European Standards of

, 161–162

PPM

, 38–40

in United Kingdom

, 172

See also Biomedical research ethics

Social science researcher

, 122, 127

acknowledge their social responsibilities

, 116–117

Social sciences

, 32, 38, 62, 63, 65, 106, 116, 132, 215, 216

based on plurality of interests, funding, methods and perspectives

, 114

carried out to highest degree of scientific integrity

, 116

events history involvement in research ethics work, l-li

maximise benefit and minimise harm

, 117

principle-based ethics for

, 58

research ethics and

, xliii–xlvi

research integrity in

, 120–121

Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRCC)

, 152

Social scientific methodology

, 62

Social scientific research

, 136

Social scientists

, 71, 80–81, 92, 112, 116, 117, 127–128, 129, 134, 139–140

Socialscapes

, 135–136

Societal treatment of journalism

, 114

Societies

, 118, 120

Socio-Legal Studies Association (SLSA)

, 48, 128–129

Statement

, 49, 53

Socio-political concepts

, 5

Socioeconomic research

, 161

Sociologists

, 64–65, 70

Sociology

, 129–130, 134–135

SSHRCC. See Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRCC)

Stakeholders

, 90

relationship with standards

, 94

of UK’s Concordat to Support Research Integrity

, 97

Stakeholders Acting Together On ethical impact assessment of Research and Innovation Project (SATORI Project)

, xxi–xxii, xlvii, 172, 186, 213–214

ethics assessment

, 187–188, 193–195

in scientific fields

, 189–190

in types of organisations

, 192–193

ethics assessors

, 188

EU and global ethics assessment and guidance

, 190–192

phases

, 186–187

SATORI D1.

, 1, 190–194

See also RESPECT project

Standards for research practice

, 91–94, 104

relevance of

, 94–97

State legislatures

, 118

Statements of principle

, 112, 113, 207

Surveillance methods, application of

, xxv

Symposia

, xxxix–xl, 120

Symposium on Generic Ethics Principles in London (2013)

, 62

‘Thick’ moral arguments

, xxviii

‘Thin’ moral arguments

, xxviii

‘Tick box’ approach

, 170

‘Top-down’ approach

, 30

Transparency

, 52

Tri-Council model

, 118

Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans (TCPS 2)

, xlvi, 65, 74n5, 74, 105

Trust

, 53

Trustworthiness, symbols of

, 56

2015 Workshop (Science Europe)

, xxii–xxiii

UK Academy of Social Sciences

, xxxvii

UK Association of Research Ethics (AfRE)

, xxxviii, 118

UK Council for Science and Technology (CST)

, xxviii

UK Government Social Research Unit (GSRU)

, xvii

UK Learned Societies

, 137

UK Research Integrity Office (UKRIO)

, xl, xlv, 79–80, 138

UN. See United Nations (UN)

Un-or under-disclosed research

, 129

Uniform Law Commission

, 118

United Nations (UN)

, 191–192

United Nations Educational, Social, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)

, xxx, 191–192

Universal Ethical Code for Scientists

, xxviii

Universal research ethics codes

, xxvi–xxxi

Universities UK (UUK)

, xxxviii, xl

Up-front ethics

, 31–32

US National Research Council

, 118

Utilitarianism

, 9

Values

, 49, 51–53

distinction between ‘principles’ and

, 49

Verstehen

, 135

Virtue ethics

, xlii, 23, 33

Virtues

, 62

discrepancy of

, 70–72

Virtuous researcher

, 119–120

Voluntary guidance

, 88

Voluntary principles and standards

, 88–91

Working Group

, xxxviii, 113, 120–121

World Conferences on Research Integrity (WCRI)

, 205–206

World Health Organization (WHO)

, 192

World Science Forum

, xxx

World Wide Web

, xiv

Worthiness of research and social good

, 66

Zimbardo’s prison experiment

, 158

Zimmerman, Susan V.

, xlv–xlvi, lx, 118