Index

Stem-Professional Women’s Exclusion in the Canadian Space Industry

ISBN: 978-1-78769-570-2, eISBN: 978-1-78769-569-6

ISSN: 2059-6561

Publication date: 21 January 2019

This content is currently only available as a PDF

Citation

(2019), "Index", Stem-Professional Women’s Exclusion in the Canadian Space Industry (Critical Management Studies), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 265-280. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2059-65612019011

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2019 Emerald Publishing Limited


INDEX

Academic literature, engineering and science
, 37–40

Accommodation
, 42, 102, 222, 242

Accusation
, 100–101, 233

and confession
, 14–15, 67, 71, 73, 78, 79

Adaptability
, 170, 206, 237

Adjustment and adaptation
, 60

Aerospace
, 3, 28, 150, 163, 166, 179, 196, 248, 251

Alouette I
, 2, 11, 31, 33–34

Anchor points

attributed
, 6, 9, 15, 18, 61, 70, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 132–133, 135, 137, 138–139, 142, 145, 148, 149, 153, 154, 155, 161, 167, 168. 182, 187, 193, 202–204, 206, 207–208, 210, 211, 213–214, 215, 216–224, 233–238, 240–242, 257–258

‘The Bitch’
, 134, 135, 155, 161, 202–204, 210, 234, 235, 236, 237, 240, 258

concept
, 5, 14, 18, 51, 67–68, 71–72, 74, 76, 77–79, 256–257

‘Control Engineer’
, 140–141, 155, 172, 209–210, 212, 234, 237–238, 241

‘Elite’
, 121–123, 136, 138, 155, 168, 206, 234

ephemeral
, 7, 14, 62, 75–76, 132, 138, 207, 233, 238, 240, 256–257

‘Females are More Serious’
, 134–135, 155, 161, 167, 202, 204, 234, 237, 240

‘Girl Engineer,’
, 151, 156, 187, 220–223, 235

‘Girls Don’t Do Anything’
, 151, 153–154, 156, 220–223, 238, 242, 258

‘How can we count on you? You’re a woman, you have kids’
, 146, 148–149, 156, 181, 217, 219, 234–235

Identity
, 5, 8

Intersectional Feminism
, 9, 10–11, 13, 72, 74–76, 114, 239, 256

‘Is she Supposed to be Here?’
, 151, 153–154, 156, 187, 220–221, 223, 238, 258

‘The Leader’
, 134, 136, 141, 155, 161, 202–205, 234

‘Leader of Harem’
, 143, 145, 156, 178, 214, 216, 234, 237

‘The Mommy’
, 143, 145, 156, 178, 213–216, 234, 258

‘Not Very Serious’ or ‘You’re so Funny’
, 136, 138, 155, 168, 206–209, 234, 236–237

‘The Only Girl’
, 120, 136, 138–139, 141, 148, 155, 168–169, 179, 206–207, 209, 214, 234, 236–238, 240

‘On Probation’
, 146, 148–149, 156, 182, 217, 242

range of
, 5, 9, 15–16, 20, 79, 91, 103, 113–114, 118, 122, 126, 131–156, 159, 168, 201, 206, 209, 214, 217, 224, 233–234, 258

‘The Secretary’
, 16, 151, 153, 155, 187, 220, 222, 234, 238

‘Time to Move On’
, 140, 141, 156, 172, 209–211, 234, 236, 237, 241

‘You are a [lower level] ENG and you travel?!’
, 140–142, 150, 156, 172, 209, 213, 238, 241

‘You’re like a dog… you need to be kept on a leash’
, 146, 149–150, 156, 160, 181, 217–220, 234–235, 238, 242

Anti-male sentiment
, 101

Anti-woman approach
, 39

Arm-wrestling informal rule
, 16, 43, 44, 104

Artificial intelligence (AI)
, 40–41

Autobiographies
, 94

Bilingual
, 116–118

Bilingualism
, 15, 118

Quebecois (masculine)/Quebecoise (feminine)
, 61–62

Binary(ies)
, 3, 18, 37, 41, 54, 65, 67, 71–72, 74, 78, 101, 103, 106, 124, 132, 218, 235, 236, 237, 239, 241, 243, 244, 256

Boundaries
, 4–5, 17, 27, 30, 44, 58, 107, 125–127, 160, 162, 175, 235–238, 256–257

cisgender-specific ordering
, 160

critical sensemaking processes
, 107

crossing and re-crossing
, 99, 237

day-to-day social interactions
, 4, 17, 27

of exclusion
, 127, 234

navigating
, 235–237

organizational
, 162

overstepping
, 202–203, 236

of ‘us’ vs ‘them’
, 100, 126, 170

Canadian Employment Equity Legislations
, 34–36, 41, 92, 102

Canadian Human Rights Act
, 69, 101–102, 186, 197

Canadian military college system
, 37

Canadian Space Agency (CSA)
, 11, 28, 29, 31–32, 34–37

Canadian Space Agency Act
, 31

Canadian Space Industry
, 3, 5, 9, 10–11, 13, 15, 18–19, 27, 30–33, 37, 40, 45, 51, 53–54, 70, 104, 113–114, 118, 120, 123, 125, 156, 159–197, 201, 206–209, 233, 235, 239, 243, 249–250, 256, 258, 263

forms of context
, 159–197

stakeholder map
, 32

Capital-cost risks
, 29

Career management service
, 36

Cause and effect
, 213, 238–239

Cell of influence(s)
, 105–106, 114, 118, 120–121, 126, 159, 162, 164, 166, 168, 172, 175–176, 178, 181, 182, 187, 224, 237

Centrality of identity
, 60, 62, 96, 105, 159, 171, 177, 212, 225, 231, 257

Cisgender
, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 13–16, 52–53, 61–64, 66–67, 69, 94, 96, 105

ciswomen (and cismen)
, 39, 53, 179

and ethnicity
, 100

feminine-ideal
, 39, 91, 98, 125, 179, 181, 195–196, 207, 209, 214–215, 217–218, 237, 242–243

feminine physical appearance
, 61

individual
, 13

informal rule
, 36–37, 40, 44

intersectionality
, 73–77, 100–102

labor stratification
, 98

masculine-ideal (norms)
, 30, 37, 38–39, 40, 44, 160, 177, 183, 187, 193–195, 209–210, 214–215, 217, 219, 237, 242

men
, 114

occupational stratification
, 37, 98

organizational exclusion
, 264

practices
, 44

standpoint concept
, 53, 72

woman
, 61

Class
, 4, 7–8, 13–14, 18, 38, 52–53, 57, 62, 64, 67, 72–73, 75, 77, 98, 100, 142, 221, 234, 239

Cold War
, 3, 4, 34, 166

Colonialism
, 65, 92, 98, 103

Complex/complexity
, 6, 7, 9, 13, 14, 15, 17, 42, 44, 59, 64–67, 69–71, 73–78, 98, 100–101, 103, 106, 107, 114–115, 118–122, 124, 131–132, 140, 155, 159, 173, 178, 216, 218, 231, 233, 235, 237, 255, 257

Cosmic Ray Section of the National Research Council (NRC)
, 31

Craft ethic
, 38

Critical race theory/studies
, 13–14, 63, 73

Critical sensemaking (CSM)
, 5–6, 8–11, 16–18, 19, 62, 78–79, 91–96, 102, 103–107, 113, 118, 119, 121–122, 124–126, 132, 159, 201, 202, 204–205, 207–208, 209–211, 214, 216, 217, 219–220, 223–224, 233, 235, 238, 243, 247, 256–257, 264

centrality of identity
, 96, 105

dual ANTi-History and CSM framework
, 96

enactment of the environment
, 95

ethnocentric discourses
, 96

extracted cues
, 95, 107

finding and analyzing
, 118–119

framework
, 5–6, 17–18

heart-wrenching stories
, 96

identity construction
, 95, 107, 123

ongoing
, 8, 94–95, 105, 107, 212

plausibility
, 4, 8, 15–16, 20, 94, 95, 96, 102, 105, 118, 131, 138, 156, 159, 161, 162, 181, 197, 201, 203, 210

processes
, 5–6, 8–10, 16–18, 19, 78–79, 95–96, 103–107, 112, 113, 125–126, 159, 201, 204–206, 207–209, 211–213, 215–216, 219–220, 222–224, 235, 238, 257–258

retrospective
, 6, 8, 94–95, 107, 121, 125, 132, 137, 166, 204, 209, 220, 249, 251

social
, 95

Cultural blockage” rule
, 185, 197, 217–218, 242, 255

Cultural imperialism
, 99

Decision-making processes
, 29

Defence Research Board (DRB)
, 31

Defence Research Telecommunications Establishment (DRTE)
, 31

De Havilland Aircraft Co. (Toronto)
, 31

Demographics
, 10, 11, 14, 19, 33–37, 41, 69, 138, 160, 162–163, 168, 171, 174, 194–195, 205, 223, 248, 253

rule
, 33–35, 41, 160, 162–163, 168, 171, 174

Depth of analysis
, 68, 71–73

Dialectical force of oppression
, 53

Disciplinary processes
, 44, 55–56, 58, 78, 235, 246

Discontinuities
, 61, 256

Discourses
, 4–9, 27, 38, 41–45, 54–59, 61–62, 66–67, 69, 71–76, 78–79, 91–97, 102, 104, 106–107, 114, 121–126, 131–132, 138–139, 142, 146, 151, 155, 160, 162, 167, 172, 177, 187, 203, 206, 208, 213, 216, 219, 223–224, 231, 233–241, 243, 245–247, 256–259, 263–264

autobiographies
, 93–94

discursive practices
, 12, 15, 59, 74, 77, 79, 92

dominant ideas
, 5–6, 9, 10, 12, 16–17, 19–20, 74, 103–107, 113, 119, 121, 126, 156, 159, 161, 167–168, 171–172, 177–178, 181–182, 186–187, 191–197, 201–204, 207, 209, 211, 214–215, 217, 219–220, 222, 224, 231, 233, 235, 237, 240, 242, 257–258, 264

knowledge, technology of
, 58–59

myths
, 93

narratives
, 4–6, 8, 16–17, 19, 30, 42, 60–64, 71, 92–94, 100, 102, 104–105, 114, 115, 119–127, 131–133, 136, 138–139, 141, 144–145, 148, 152, 159–160, 162–164, 166–171, 174, 176, 179, 184, 186, 192, 197, 203–204, 207, 218–219, 234–236, 243–244, 247–252, 254–255, 256

narratives, stories, myths, and sagas
, 92–94

political
, 71, 74, 104

and power-relations
, 61, 78–79

and sensemaking
, 92

stories. See Story/stories

Weickian and critical sensemaking
, 94–96, 118–119

Discrimination
, 7, 13–14, 41, 43, 71, 91–92, 99, 101, 107, 144, 161, 181, 201, 218, 233, 245

marginalization
, 7, 14, 63–64, 70–72, 99–100, 103, 257

and oppression
, 92

Discursive practices
, 12, 15, 59, 74, 77, 79, 92

Diversity
, 3, 7, 11, 73, 102, 120, 131, 187–188, 197, 221, 257–258

functional/utilitarian
, 68–69

mega diversity discourse
, 69

meso-discourse of diversity
, 69

Domination
, 19, 52–53, 55–56, 71, 96–103, 124, 234, 239, 243, 246–247

contemporary treatments of
, 98–99

dividing practices (Foucault)
, 97–100, 103, 234

scientific classification (Foucault)
, 97, 99–100, 103, 234

subjectification (Foucault)
, 97, 99–100, 103, 105, 234

See also Systems of domination processes

Double jeopardy
, 63

École Militaire/École Polytechnique
, 37

Economic determinism
, 52, 72, 258

Elitism
, 121–123, 170, 195, 206, 237

Emancipatory
, 52–53

Emotional involvements/attachment
, 62, 131, 133, 145, 172, 195, 207

Employment Equity Act/legislation
, 34–36, 42, 92, 102, 180, 186, 197, 255

Employment Equity and Diversity Plan
, 36

Employment Equity group(s)
, 34–36

Enactment
, 44, 95, 107, 244–245

Engineer/engineering
, 3–4, 6, 11, 15, 27, 33–35, 37–40, 45, 69, 94, 101, 115–117, 134, 140–143, 144–145, 151–153, 155, 160, 169, 172–173, 177, 179, 180, 181, 184, 187, 188–189, 192, 196–197, 206, 209–212, 214–216, 219–223, 234–235, 237–238, 241, 248

‘Control’
, 140–141, 155, 172, 209–210, 212, 234, 237–238, 241

Engineering-6 (ENG-6)
, 35

junior
, 116–117, 140–143, 150, 162, 172, 178, 221

Epistemology
, 10

Equality
, 42, 68, 69, 101, 102–103, 106, 186, 245, 258

diversity
, 69

outcomes in neoliberal terms
, 258

Equity
, 102–103

See also Canadian Employment Equality Act

Eriksonian identity concept
, 60, 71

construction
, 60

selfsameness
, 60, 101–102

Ethics of self-care
, 56, 245–247, 256

Ethnic (identity)
, 4, 7, 13, 35, 40, 61–64, 66–67, 75, 77–78, 96, 98, 100–102, 114–116, 180, 234

Exclusion
, 4–14, 16–17, 18, 19–20, 33, 35–36, 40, 51–52, 57, 64, 66, 69–74, 91–92, 96–107, 113–114, 121, 124–127, 159, 161, 197, 231, 233–243, 250–251, 254–258, 264

Exclusionary order and social justice initiatives

limits/boundaries
, 237–238

navigating boundaries
, 235, 236–237

not a study of cause-and-effect
, 238–239

range of anchor points
, 233–235

recreating limits/boundaries
, 235–236

resisting limits/boundaries
, 237–238

social justice
, 239–240

STEM-professional men, micro-political resistances
, 242–256

STEM-professional women, micro-political resistances
, 240–242

Executive(s) (EX)
, 4, 6, 11, 34–35, 96, 113, 115, 184, 254–255, 117, 126, 181–182, 186–187, 219, 223, 233

Experience of exclusion
, 96–102, 103–104, 121, 124, 126, 161, 234–239

accusation
, 100–101

anti-male sentiment
, 101

cisgender labor stratification
, 98

colonialism
, 65, 92, 98, 103

dividing practices
, 97–103, 234

domination, contemporary treatments of
, 98–103

equality
, 101–103, 106

equity
, 92, 101–103

Foucault’s system of domination
, 96–98, 103

Indigenous peoples/populations
, 98–100

interlocking oppression
, 99, 103

intersectionality knowledge
, 99–103, 106

‘isms,’
, 98–99

marginalization
, 99–100, 103

normalcy
, 17, 100, 234

oppression
, 91–92, 99, 103

racism
, 65, 97–98, 103

repression
, 96–98

scientific classification
, 97, 99–100, 103

selfsameness
, 101–102

sexism
, 97–98, 103

social problems
, 98

social struggles
, 96–99

subjectification
, 97–98, 100, 103, 105

systems of domination
, 98–99

‘womanhood,’
, 100

Exploitation
, 13, 69, 96, 98–99

Extracted cues
, 95, 107

Face of war
, 29

Feminine-cisgender physical appearance
, 61

Feminine-ideal
, 39, 91, 98, 125, 179, 181, 195–196, 207, 209, 214–215, 217–218, 237, 242–243

Feminisms
, 13, 19, 51–53, 70, 72, 143–144

empiricist
, 52, 72, 74

standpoint
, 14, 51–53, 54, 64, 72, 73, 74, 239

Feminist
, 13–14, 51–53, 63–66, 69–70, 72–73, 74–77, 79, 94, 101, 143–144, 171, 239, 243–244, 246

Formal rules
, 31, 35–37, 42–43

Formative contexts
, 5, 10, 17–18, 19, 27, 40–41, 43–44, 45, 55–56, 91, 103–104, 113, 119, 122–124, 126, 156, 159–160, 162, 164, 175, 179, 181, 187, 194–196, 201, 202–204, 209–210, 214–215, 224, 235, 246, 248, 256–257, 264

adaptable
, 170, 195

All women are glorified secretaries
, 183, 196

controlling space structures and women
, 166, 194

dismissive
, 184, 196

diversity in early career
, 187–188, 197

elitism
, 121–123, 170, 195

(embracing) feminine-ideal
, 179, 181, 195

(embracing) masculine-ideal
, 160, 177, 183, 187, 194, 195

feminine-ideal ‘acquiescing’
, 195

(Get rid of the) “old White men
, 184–185, 197

having the balls
, 184–185, 197

helping someone/nurturing and caring
, 15–16, 105–106, 125, 127, 196, 243, 255–256

human” (was not valued)
, 161, 172, 187, 190, 197

military
, 3–4, 11, 15, 27, 29, 31, 37, 40, 142, 147, 179, 185, 194, 196, 238, 242

no value to multitasking
, 175, 195, 210, 223

old boys’ club
, 164, 194, 203, 240, 248–249

pornography
, 145, 164–166, ’194, 249, 263

pulling all aces
, 176, 195, 237–238, 242

resilience
, 160, 182, 193, 194, 196

(STEM-professional men) winning awards
, 175, 185, 195, 210, 218, 242, 256

targets for men’s teasing and ‘objects’ to be admired
, 169, 183, 195, 206

trust
, 161, 180–181, 188, 196, 214, 238, 242

uncertainties
, 160, 182, 194, 196, 203–204, 246

‘us’ vs ‘them,’
, 170, 191, 194

We accept only certain people among us
, 170, 195

Forms of context
, 9–11, 18–20, 27–45, 119, 122–126, 159–197, 201–231, 233, 238

formative contexts. See Formative concepts

meta-rules. See Meta-rules

rules
, 42–43

See also Rules

Forms of experiences
, 9–11, 16, 18–20, 44, 91–107, 119, 124, 127, 159–197, 201–230, 233–239

discourse
, 92–94

discourses, critical sensemaking, and exclusion
, 124–126

experience of exclusion
, 96–102

research framework
, 103–107

Weickian and critical sensemaking
, 94–96

Forms of knowledge
, 9–11, 11–16, 18–19, 51–79, 119–122, 123, 131–156, 201–231, 233–235

anchor points
, 67–68, 77–79

feminisms
, 51–53

intersectionality literature
, 59–72

poststructuralism
, 54–59

range of anchor points
, 79, 91, 103, 118, 119–122

research framework
, 74–79

Foucauldian forms. See Forms of context; Forms of experiences; Forms of knowledge

Foucault

ethic of self care
, 56, 245–247, 256

forms
, 9

norms
, 54–55

See also Forms of context

Régime des pratiques (system of practices)
, 12, 54–55, 59

self
, 55–56, 61, 245

systems and processes of domination
, 96–98

technology/technologies of discourses/knowledge
, 58–59

technology/technologies of power-relations
, 56–58

technology/technologies of self and subjection
, 55–56, 61, 245

Four-dimensional power model
, 56–58

Fragmented legitimized errors/truths
, 12, 51, 54, 60–61

Functionalist
, 13, 52, 239

Gender(less)
, 18, 27, 30, 37–38, 39, 65, 68, 69, 73, 75, 114, 120, 127, 131, 160–161, 178, 179, 181, 185, 194, 203–204, 209, 215, 218, 221, 222, 236–237, 238, 242–245, 252, 255–257

critical sensemaking (CSM) framework
, 18

diversity and
, 69

and diversity scholar/literature
, 7, 68, 69, 120, 131, 257

identities and
, 39

neutrality
, 38–39, 212

occupational stratification
, 27, 37, 38

oscillation
, 185

stratification theory
, 27, 37, 53, 67, 98, 179, 196, 214, 238

Gender-balanced cabinet
, 114

Generalized theory of identity
, 64, 66, 70, 73, 100

Global space industry
, 27–30

Global space industry, stakeholders
, 28

Gramscian hegemony
, 52–53

Group of Seven (G7)
, 28–29

Group of Twenty (G20) countries
, 28

Habermas’ power
, 57–58, 59

Hegemony
, 52–53

Heuristic(s)
, 10, 17–19, 96, 119

History/historical/the past
, 3, 10, 11, 14–15, 17, 27, 30, 35, 37, 51, 54, 55–56, 58, 59, 60, 62, 65–66, 68, 70, 76, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98, 100–101, 105–106, 119, 127, 131, 142, 145, 166, 172, 203, 207, 234, 246

Hybridity
, 64, 71

Identity/identities
, 5–10, 13–17, 18–19, 35, 38–40, 55–56, 59–69, 94–102, 104–107, 113, 115–117, 119–121, 131–133, 159, 233–235, 252, 254, 256, 257

concepts
, 60–68, 101

construction
, 60, 62, 95, 107, 123, 132

dualism
, 40

and Foucauldian subject/self
, 55–56, 60–61

intersectionality/intersecting
, 63–72, 76–79, 114–115, 122–123, 237, 239

map of
, 134, 136, 140, 143, 146, 151

qualified/professional.
, 38, 142, 210, 218

relationality and anchor points
, 14, 65, 67–68, 70, 73, 78–79, 256

self
, 6–7, 16, 35, 39, 60–63, 66, 71, 75–79, 104, 106, 107, 115, 120–122, 131–133, 136, 138–139, 144, 146–147, 149, 152, 154–155, 160, 161, 167, 171, 202, 204, 237

social-identity
, 6, 15, 39, 61–62, 66, 73, 75–77, 97, 120–121, 131–133, 135, 137, 140, 145, 148, 167, 204, 238

sociological perspective on
, 61–63, 66

temporal
, 61

work
, 61–62, 76

Ideologies
, 15, 38, 51–52, 58, 62, 65, 75, 105, 131, 133, 137, 140, 179, 244

Indigenous populations/peoples
, 98, 100

Individual

complex
, 6, 14–15, 44, 67, 69–71, 74–75, 77, 100, 103, 107, 113, 115, 118–122, 131–132, 155, 233

Inequality
, 53, 65–66, 67, 101, 142

Informal masculine ideal rule
, 43

Informal rules
, 30, 36, 37, 40, 42–43, 44

Intentionality
, 18

Interactional/masculinist studies
, 39–40

Interlocking oppression
, 99, 103

International partnership
, 29

International Space Station (ISS)
, 29

Intersecting identities
, 5, 7, 8, 63–64, 66, 70, 77, 79, 114, 116, 122, 161–162, 239

Intersectional feminism
, 9, 10–16, 51, 72, 74–76, 114, 239, 256

antiessentialist posture
, 74–75

defined
, 75

domestic violence and
, 75

Foucault’s system of practices
, 74

poststructuralism
, 74

Intersectionality
, 7–11, 12–16, 19–20, 39–40, 51, 54, 59–72, 73, 76–79, 99–101, 103, 106, 113, 121–122, 233, 257–258

analysis
, 66

and anchor points
, 13–15

knowledge
, 99

thinking
, 66, 71

Intersectionality literature
, 59–72

anchor points concept
, 5, 8, 14, 67–68, 71, 73, 77–79

core concepts of
, 65

defined
, 5, 7–8, 13–16, 63–65, 66, 73, 76–77

diversity
, 68–69

identity categories
, 7–8, 14–15, 62–63, 66–68, 75, 77, 98–100, 102, 113, 234

jeopardy
, 63

knowledge and
, 68

power relations
, 63, 65–66, 67–72

privileged individual
, 53, 64, 70, 72, 73

relationality and anchor points
, 67–68

roots of
, 4, 64, 70

taxonomies
, 66, 73

Intersectionality scholarship
, 7, 10, 14, 20, 40, 59, 63–68, 69–70, 72–74, 77, 79, 99–101, 106, 257–258

‘Isms’
, 98–99

Japanese Space Agency (JAXA)
, 28, 29, 32

Jobs classification
, 184

Knowledge workers
, 29

Legislation
, 38, 41–42, 92, 101–102, 122, 180, 186, 197, 255, 258

Limits
, 4–5, 17, 74, 107, 125, 186, 197, 235–239, 255, 257

MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates (MDA)
, 11, 28, 32, 34–35, 166

Madness and Civilization
, 96–97

“Making infallible decisions”
, 30

Male-dominated

cultural heritage
, 38

field
, 38, 177

STEM industries
, 39

Management
, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 13, 33–36, 42–44, 51–53, 55, 69, 96, 104, 107, 113, 126–127, 160–163, 174, 181, 185, 205, 223–224, 231, 233, 235–236, 239–240, 241–242, 250–251, 253–256

career
, 36

executive position
, 34–35, 126

scientific
, 52

Western
, 52

Manhood
, 30, 244

Manliness
, 30

Manly courage
, 30

Map of identities
, 19, 121–122, 123, 126, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140, 141, 143, 146, 148, 151

Marginalization
, 7, 14, 63–64, 70–72, 99–100, 103, 257

See also Theory of marginalization

Masculine-hierarchical structure
, 37

Masculine-ideal
, 30, 37–40, 44, 160, 177, 183, 187, 194–196, 209–210, 214–215, 217, 219, 237, 242

Masculine/masculinities
, 242, 254–255

Materialism
, 52

MDA (MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates )
, 11, 28, 32, 34–35, 166

Meadian identity construction
, 62

Meaning making
, 8, 62, 79, 98, 104, 123, 133, 204, 239

Meso-discourse of diversity
, 69

Meta-rules
, 6, 8, 9–11, 17, 19, 27, 29, 31, 36, 40–43, 44–45, 67, 68, 78, 91, 95, 99, 104, 107, 119, 122, 202–203, 206, 208, 220, 222–224, 256–258

forms of context
, 40–42, 122–123, 193–196

STEM-professional women
, 193–196

Methodology

critical sensemaking framework
, 118–127

data collected
, 115–118

forms of context
, 122–123

forms of experiences
, 124–126

forms of knowledge
, 119–122

participants and their recruitment
, 113–115

purpose and research questions
, 113

STEM-professional men
, 126–127

Micro-political resistances
, 6, 13, 19–20, 106–107, 127, 239–245, 256, 259

Military
, 3, 4, 11, 15, 27, 29–30, 31, 37, 40, 142, 147, 179, 185, 193, 195, 209, 214, 217, 238, 242

engineering-trained men
, 4, 11, 15

systems
, 37, 40

Moon
, 11, 28, 191–192, 197, 222

Multicultural crew/experience
, 29, 170

Multiple jeopardy
, 63

My possible range of anchor points
, 16

Myths
, 92–93, 102

Narratives, stories, myths, and sagas
, 92–93, 102, 104–105

NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)
, 4, 28–30, 31–32, 40, 153, 191, 194

exclusion and marginalization
, 70

institutionalized masculine-ideal
, 30, 160

masculine-dominated hierarchy
, 69

women shuttle astronauts
, 153

(National groups of) astronauts
, 29, 131, 153

Non-management personnel
, 43

Normal/normalcy
, 12, 17, 53, 99, 100, 101, 103, 192, 214, 222, 234

Occupational segregation
, 39

One-dimensional model of power
, 56–57

Ontology
, 13, 63, 66, 73

Oppression
, 13, 14, 53, 64, 66, 71, 74, 91, 92, 99, 103

dialectical force of
, 53

and discrimination
, 14, 91, 92, 99

interlocking
, 99, 103

See also Systems of oppressions

Order

“accusation and confession”
, 14, 67, 71, 73, 78, 79, 100, 233

discriminatory
, 14, 63, 67

dominant culture in
, 39

exclusionary
, 4–5, 8, 10, 16, 33, 66, 73, 233–239, 264

identity intersections and
, 7

social
, 4–5, 13–14, 16, 44, 63, 67, 124

Organizational discourses
, 6, 41

Organizational myths
, 93

Organizational rules within CSA
, 35–37

Patriarchy
, 53, 65, 66, 98

Payload(s)
, 31, 41, 141

Positivist
, 6, 12–13, 37, 39

Postcolonial(ism)
, 13, 64–65, 71

Poststructural feminism
, 13, 74–75

Poststructuralism
, 9, 11–12, 19, 51, 53, 54–59, 60, 63, 72, 74–75, 256

discourses/knowledge, technology of
, 58–59

power relations, technology of
, 56–58

self and subjection, technology of
, 55–56

Poststructuralist
, 3, 4, 11–12, 18, 37, 59–61, 71, 74–75, 118

Poststructural ontology
, 13

Power
, 18, 52, 99, 145, 237

model
, 56–58

Powerlessness/powerless
, 99

Power-relations
, 56–58, 65

problematize
, 14, 51, 71, 78, 127, 233, 256

spectrum
, 57, 71, 78, 124, 126, 132, 138, 214, 218, 234–237, 243, 247

Privileged individual
, 13, 18, 68–69, 70, 72, 73, 98, 106, 242

Process(es) and systems
, 91

Profession(s)
, 11, 38–39, 113–114, 142, 176–177, 210

Project management
, 40–41

Race − class − cisgender mantra
, 64

Racism
, 65, 97–98, 103

RCA Victor Co. Ltd (Montreal)
, 31

Reflexivity
, 15, 54, 61, 104–105, 121, 155

Régime des pratiques (system of practices)
, 12, 54, 59

Relationality (concept)
, 14, 18, 65, 67–68, 70, 73, 78, 79, 256

Repression
, 44, 96–98

Research framework
, 9

forms of context
, 11, 40–44

forms of context, of knowledge and of experiences
, 9–11

forms of experiences
, 11–15, 103–107

forms of knowledge
, 16–17, 74–79

Research methodology

critical sensemaking (CSM) framework
, 118–127

data collected
, 115–118

forms of context
, 122–123

forms of experiences
, 124–126

forms of knowledge
, 119–122

participants and their recruitment
, 113–115

purpose and research questions
, 113

STEM-professional men
, 126–127

Resistance(s)
, 12, 18–19, 52, 56–58, 62, 73, 74–75, 93, 96, 101, 104–107, 124, 155, 203, 204, 208, 214, 216, 236, 238

micro-political
, 6, 13, 19–20, 106–107, 127, 239–244, 256, 259

norms
, 56, 67, 106, 245, 247, 251, 256

Reveal(ing)
, 4

Right Stuff myth (1979)
, 4, 30, 93

Rules/meta-rules
, 5–6, 8–10, 17–18, 19, 40–43, 45, 55–56, 62, 67, 73, 78, 91, 95, 97, 103–107, 113, 119, 121, 122–124, 126, 132, 156, 159–166, 168–171, 172–177, 179–181, 182–186, 187–191, 202–203, 206–207, 209–210, 214, 217–218, 220–222, 252, 256–259, 264

Being put in her place
, 170, 195

cisgender multi-tasking
, 177, 195, 210

cisgender presentism
, 36–37, 175

cisgender stratification
, 27, 37, 179, 196, 214, 238

cisgender taking unwanted jobs
, 176, 183, 195, 196, 209–210, 217

contradictory occupational position
, 183–185, 196, 217–218, 242

cultural blockage
, 185, 197, 217–218, 242, 255

demographic
, 33–35, 41, 160, 162–163, 168, 171, 174, 194

demographic balance
, 171, 194

elite
, 168, 170, 195, 206–207

engineering work ethic
, 38, 188, 197, 221

evolution
, 42–43

feminine-ideal
, 39, 91, 98, 125, 179, 181, 195–196, 207, 209, 214, 215, 217–218, 237, 242–243

formal
, 27, 30, 31, 33–37, 40, 42–43

(cis)gender naming of space structures
, 162, 166, 194, 203, 240

Having the balls
, 184–185, 197, 218, 237, 242, 254–255

infantilizing STEM-professional women
, 190–191, 196, 221, 222, 240

informal
, 27, 30, 36–37, 40, 42–44

inhuman” pool hiring
, 161, 173–174, 180, 186, 189–190, 194–195, 197, 210, 221, 242, 252, 253, 255, 259

it has to be that way
, 184–185, 197, 218, 254

limits of human resources
, 186, 197, 255, 257

masculine-ideals
, 30, 38–39, 40, 44, 160, 177, 183, 187, 194–196, 209, 210, 214, 215, 217, 219, 237, 242

need to be “adaptable
, 170, 195, 206–207, 240

no trust
, 188, 197

order of engineers
, 180–181, 195, 214

program/project cancellation
, 29, 162, 194, 203

standard” 20%
, 4, 33, 163–164, 194, 204, 240, 248

taking unwanted jobs
, 36, 176, 183, 195–196, 209–210, 217

the only girl here
, 169, 171, 179, 195–196, 206–207, 214

trust hiring
, 161, 180, 181, 196, 214, 238, 242

unwritten
, 27, 42–43

we don’t hire anyone
, 123, 170, 195

written
, 27, 42–43

Russian occupation of Ukrainian Crimea
, 29

Russian symbiotic relationship
, 29

Sagas
, 92–94, 102

Sameness
, 3, 54, 60, 71, 101–102

Sample

diverse
, 70

organizational rules within CSA
, 35–37

participants
, 115, 118, 178

STEM-professional women
, 178

stories and narratives
, 126

Scientific classification (Foucault)
, 97, 99–100, 103, 234

management
, 52

Self and subjection, technology of
, 55–56, 61, 246

Self-care, ethic of
, 245–247

Selfsameness
, 60, 101–102

Sensegiving entity
, 124

Sexism
, 13, 65, 97–98, 103, 201, 251

Silent killers
, 235, 264

Sinclair Radio Laboratories (Toronto)
, 31

Social

context
, 8, 65, 67, 79

determinism
, 14, 64

inequality
, 53, 65, 66, 67, 101, 142

interactions
, 4, 6–8, 11, 17, 19, 27, 40, 41, 43–44, 56, 58, 60, 63, 67, 69, 71, 75, 77–79, 92, 95, 104, 119, 123–124, 132, 162, 193, 203, 209–210, 217, 220, 224, 231, 235, 247, 252, 257–258

justice
, 13, 19,-20, 65, 67, 106, 127, 233, 239–256, 258–259

values
, 6, 8, 10, 18, 19, 27, 42–45, 55, 67, 78, 105, 122–124, 159–160, 162–166, 168–177, 179, 181, 182–186, 187–191, 202, 206, 217, 224, 231, 233, 249, 257

Social-identity
, 6, 15, 39, 61–62, 66, 73, 75–77, 97, 120–121, 131–133, 135, 137, 140, 145, 148, 167, 204, 238

Socioeconomic status of class
, 8

Socio-psychological processes
, 4, 5, 8–9, 94, 96, 113, 159, 201, 224

Space industry

demographics
, 10, 11, 19, 27, 51, 69, 138, 160–163, 168, 171, 174, 205–206, 223, 248, 253

macro: global space industry
, 27–30

meso: Canadian space industry
, 31–33

micro: demographics and organization-specific formal rules
, 10, 11, 19, 27

Alouette I
, 33

Canadian Space Agency demographics
, 34–35

MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates demographics
, 34

organizational rules within CSA
, 35–37

Spar Aerospace
, 31, 166

Stakeholder
, 11, 28, 32, 95

Standard 20% rule
, 4, 33, 163–164, 194, 204, 240, 248

Standpoint theories/ideologies
, 51–53, 54, 63, 72–73, 74, 239

State of becoming
, 56, 72, 78, 124, 217, 247

State of being
, 13, 53–54, 61, 74, 78, 97, 99, 101, 104, 107, 124, 224, 239, 257

Status quo
, 65, 71, 106, 114, 119, 166, 224, 264

STEM-professional man/men
, 13, 15, 19, 43, 78, 114, 120

cell of influences
, 105, 114, 126

empirical
, 153, 174, 193, 195, 246–254

micro-political resistances
, 240–254

responsibilities
, 126–127

STEM-professional woman/women
, 4–6, 9–10, 13, 15, 19, 20, 33, 36, 39–40, 53, 61, 72, 76, 79, 103–106, 113–114, 125–127, 244, 263–264

cell of influences
, 105–106, 118, 120–121, 162–187, 224, 237

early career
, 133–139, 161–172, 202–209

exclusion
, 233–239

identities
, 131–133

late career
, 143–156, 178–197, 213–224

micro-political resistances
, 238–240

mid career
, 139–143, 172–178, 209–213

Story/Stories
, 4–6, 8, 15, 16–17, 19, 61, 62, 70, 92–94, 104, 114–115, 118–119, 124, 127, 131, 133, 134–135, 142, 145, 150, 153–154, 159, 160, 163–164, 166–167, 169–170, 171, 174, 175, 177, 179, 181, 182–183, 185, 187–193, 203–204, 208–209, 211–213, 215–216, 218, 219–220, 223–224, 234, 235, 236, 243–244, 247–249, 251, 254–255, 256

Storytelling
, 92, 94, 96, 105, 121, 133, 179, 214

Structural social reality
, 51–52

Subject
, 7, 12–13, 55–58, 59, 60–61, 64, 67, 72–73, 74, 96–98, 100, 103, 107, 239, 245–247, 257–258

Subjectification
, 97–98, 100, 103, 105, 234

Symbolic interactionism/interactionalists
, 10, 60, 62, 71

Systems of domination
, 98–99

Systems of oppression
, 74–75

See also Oppression

Technology/technological innovation
, 4, 30–31, 38–39, 42, 182, 209, 219

Technology/technologies (Foucault)
, 12, 54–55, 72–73

of discourses/knowledge
, 58–59

of power-relations
, 56–58

of self and subjection
, 55–56, 61, 245

Temporal identity
, 61

Theoretical Wedge
, 14, 63–64, 73

Theory of marginalization
, 64, 70, 99, 103

See also Marginalization

Three-dimensional power model
, 57

Transgender
, 8, 64, 65, 70, 115

Triangulate/triangulation
, 114, 120

Triple jeopardy
, 63

Two-dimensional model of power
, 57

Unstructured interview
, 6, 115, 118, 243

US Augustine Committee report
, 30

Utopian universalistic theory of discourse
, 58–59

Valued-masculine prototype
, 39, 203, 214

Violence
, 63, 75, 99, 247

Weickian/sensemaking
, 8, 17–18, 62, 91, 93, 94–96, 102, 107, 119, 126

WFA. See Workforce availability (WFA)

‘Who I am,’
, 7, 14, 15, 54, 60–62, 74, 76, 95, 107, 120, 121, 133, 136–138, 143, 144, 146, 149, 151, 159, 167–168, 194, 236, 241, 263

‘Who I am becoming,’
, 7, 14, 54, 62, 74, 76, 107, 120, 121, 133, 138, 149, 159, 241

Womanhood
, 100

Workforce availability (WFA)
, 34, 35

Working interdependently
, 29, 160, 194

World War II
, 11, 28