Index
Corruption in the Public Sector: An International Perspective
ISBN: 978-1-83909-643-3, eISBN: 978-1-83909-642-6
ISSN: 2053-7697
Publication date: 8 March 2021
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2021), "Index", Tummala, K.K. (Ed.) Corruption in the Public Sector: An International Perspective (Public Policy and Governance, Vol. 34), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 143-148. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2053-769720210000034012
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Note: Page numbers followed by “n” indicate notes.
Account Code
, 69
Affirmative Auction
, 108
African National Congress (ANC)
, 3, 101
Afrikaners
, 100
Ahir, Hansraj
, 49
American Society for Public Administration
, 4
Amnesty laws
, 88
Anti-corruption (see also Corruption)
courts
, 122
legal and institutional framework of
, 65
policies
, 8
Anti-Corruption Act (1957)
, 70
Anti-Corruption Act (2004)
, 63, 70
Anti-corruption agencies (ACAs)
, 8, 16, 125
Anti-Corruption Branch (ACB)
, 10, 14
Anti-Corruption Civil Rights Commission (ACRC)
, 16
Anti-Corruption Commission (ACC)
, 67, 70
Anti-Corruption Expertise (ACE)
, 12
Anti-Corruption Office (ACO)
, 14
Apartheid
, 101
Artificial intelligence (AI)
, 131–132
Audit Code
, 69
Audit Office
, 69
Auditor-General (A-G)
, 102
Authoritarianism
, 88
Bangladesh Corruption Syndrome
, 58–64
Benami, 33
Berman, Evan
, 4
Bertelsmann Stiftung (BS)
, 124
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
, 2–3, 24
Big data
, 132
Black money
, 33–34
Blockchain
, 132–133
Bottom-up corruption (see Need-based corruption)
Brazilian-based corruption scandals
, 85–87
Bribery
, 114–116
British colonial government
, 10
Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment strategy (BBBEE strategy)
, 106
Broederbond
, 107
Bureau of Anti-Corruption (BAC)
, 70
Bureaucratic failure
, 107–108
Burke, Edmund
, 2
Caretaker government (CG)
, 72
Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), 16, 25–28, 37n1
Central Information Commission (CIC)
, 49
Central Intelligence Bureau (CIB), 37n1
Central Procurement Technical Unit
, 69
Central Vigilance Commission (CVC), 25, 37n1
, 41
Certificates of Commitment
, 42
Chief Registrar of the Federal Court of Malaysia (CRFCM)
, 122
Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
, 18
Citizens Whistleblower Forum, 38n4
“Civilianization” processes
, 83
Clientelism
, 61
Code of Criminal Procedure (1898)
, 65, 68
Code of Ethics
, 69
Collusion
, 119–120
laws relating to
, 121
Common Law
, 13
Common Minimum Program (CMP)
, 45
Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative
, 49
Compliance-driven organizations
, 130
Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG)
, 44
Computer Security Act (1987)
, 134
Congress Party governments
, 2
Constitution (1996)
, 102–103
Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau (CPIB)
, 10–11, 117
budget and personnel
, 11
commitment to organizational excellence
, 12
effectiveness
, 14
Corruption, 1–2, 7, 23–24, 47, 57, 139, 141 (see also Government corruption in South Africa)
best practices for combating
, 16–20
causes
, 17–18
conflict of interest
, 19
control of
, 92
efficacy of extant institutions to fighting
, 24–30
framework to fight
, 65–73
Hong Kong’s success in combating
, 13–16
independent and well-resourced Type A ACA
, 19–20
levels
, 79–80, 82–85
loci and modes of
, 61
perceived extent of corruption in Singapore and Hong Kong
, 8–9
remediation of
, 89
secrecy, varying perceptions, and measures of
, 88–92
Singapore’s success in combating
, 9–13
strong dose of political will needed to minimizing
, 16
types
, 114–120
Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI)
, 7, 24, 44, 58, 82, 139
Corruption Watch (CW)
, 107
Criminal Investigation Department (CID)
, 10, 14
Criminal Law Act (1958)
, 66
Cryptocurrency
, 132–133
Cybercrimes
, 133
Data privacy
, 133
Deadwood
, 107
Decision-makers
, 58
Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE)
, 25
Democracy
, 82–85
Democratization process
, 81–82
Demonetization policy
, 33
Department of Budget and Management (DBM)
, 122
Der Spiegel
, 51
Dere, Mohite
, 51
Destiny Group
, 63
Dhabolkar, Narendra
, 50
Digital surveillance technologies
, 133
E-governance
, 141–142
E-government
AI
, 132
big data
, 132
blockchain
, 132–133
ethical considerations in
, 129–130
prioritizing privacy policies
, 131–132
privacy and security
, 130–131
privacy and security protection
, 133–134
smart technologies
, 133
E-pledge
, 41
E-procurement
, 121–122
East India Company
, 2
Ecological study
, 140
Electronic parking meters
, 133
Electoral bonds
, 52
Elite capture
, 126
Embezzlement
, 116–117
Endemic corruption
, 104–107
Enforcement Directorate (ED)
, 25, 28–29
Equal employment opportunity”
, 108
Ethics
, 130
ethics-driven organizations
, 130
Ethics Code
, 69
Ethos in Indian Administration
, 4
EU Charter of Fundamental Rights in 2000
, 44
European Union (EU)
, 133
Evidence Act (1872)
, 67
Facial recognition
, 133
Family ties
, 59
Fanny Law
, 15
Favoritism
, 117–119
Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA)
, 134
Financial Intelligence Centre Act (FICA)
, 104
First Information Report (FIR)
, 29
Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA)
, 28
Frances Hagopian’s 2005 study
, 80
Francis, Pope
, 1
Fraud
, 119
Free Burghers
, 100
Freedom of Information Act (FOI Act)
, 44
Fugitive Economic Offenders Act (FEOA)
, 28
Galli, Mark, 142n1
GAN Integrity Solutions
, 118–119
Geltner, Guy
, 1
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
, 133–134
Global Integrity (GI)
, 123
Golden parachutes
, 107
Golden rule
, 19
Good government
, 87–88
Government Auditing Standards (GAS)
, 69
Government corruption in South Africa
bureaucratic failure
, 107–108
Constitution (1996)
, 102–103
endemic corruption
, 104–107
leadership failure
, 108–109
legislation
, 103–104
prospect
, 109–110
retrospect
, 99–102
Government of Bangladesh (GoB)
, 63
Government Servants (Conducts) Rules (1979)
, 66–67
Government Servants (Discipline and Appeal) Rules (1985)
, 66
Grand corruption
, 62, 84
Greed-based corruption
, 82–83, 140
Group Areas Act (1950)
, 101
Group of Ministers (GoM)
, 46
Handshakes (see Golden parachutes)
Holmes, L.
, 60
Hong Kong
, 7–8
perceived extent of corruption in
, 8–9
success in combating corruption
, 13–16
Hottentots
, 100
Householder (grihastha)
, 36
Human pursuits (purushartha)
, 36
Immorality Act
, 101
Income Tax Ordinance (1984)
, 63, 68
Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC)
, 14–15
Indian Premier League (IPL)
, 31
Informal bureaucracy
, 126
Information and communication technologies (ICTs)
, 129–130
Integrity
, 41–42
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
, 12
International Political Science Association
, 4
Jakiewicz, Carole L.
, 1
Judicial system
, 124
Judiciary
, 29–30
Kalburgi, M. M.
, 50
Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK)
, 16
Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha (KPPU)
, 120
Kroeze, Ronald
, 1
Lagarde, Chrstine
, 35
Lankesh, Gauri
, 50
Latin American populism
, 88
Lava Jato
, 81, 85–87
Leader of Opposition Party (LoP)
, 31
Leadership failure
, 108–109
Legislation
, 103–104
Lein Conference
, 4
Less developed countries (LDCs)
, 3
Lok Sabha
, 24, 30
Lokpal
, 24, 30–31, 33
Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC)
, 117
Malaysian Auditor-General (AGM)
, 119
Manohar Lal Sharma … V. Narendra Damodardas Modi & ors
, 52
Manual for Office Procedure
, 66
Maya
, 36
Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (MKSS)
, 45
Members of Parliament (MPs)
, 62
Midhya
, 36
Mining operations
, 107
Ministry of Finance (MoF)
, 68
Ministry of Home Affairs (MoHA)
, 68
Ministry of Public Administration (MoPA)
, 68
Misdemeanors Punishment Ordinance
, 13
Modi government, initial challenges and efforts of
, 31–35
Moksha
, 36
Money laundering
, 63
Money Laundering Prevention Act (2012)
, 63, 67
Multinational corporations (MNCs)
, 61
Municipal Finance Management Act (MFMA)
, 104
Napoleon Moment
, 34
Narendra Modi
, 37, 49
National Advisory Council (NAC)
, 45–46
National Board of Revenue (NBR)
, 68
National Campaign for People’s Right to Information (NCPRI)
, 45–46, 50
National Directorate of Public Prosecutions (NDPP)
, 105
National Integrity Strategy (NIS)
, 65
National Resource Governance Index (NRGI)
, 107
National Revenue Fund (NRF)
, 102
National Technical Research Organization, 37n1
National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA)
, 136
Native Land Act (1913)
, 101
Need-based corruption
, 83, 140
Nepotism
, 47
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
, 30
Non-resident Indian (NRI)
, 52
Odebrecht scandals
, 81–82
Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA)
, 134
Office of Ombudsman (OMB)
, 16
Official Secrets Act (1923)
, 44, 67
Online procedures enhancement for civil applications system (OPEN system)
, 130
Operation Condor
, 88
Orange Free State
, 100
Pansare, Govind
, 50
Paperwork Reduction Act (1980)
, 134
Parliamentarians
, 68
Patronage
, 60
Penal Code
, 65, 70
Peisakhin, Leonid
, 48
People’s Action Party government (PAP government)
, 11
Personally identifiable information (PII)
, 130
Petty corruption
, 63
Phantom bonus scheme
, 106
PhilGEPS
, 122
Philippine Competition Act, No. 10667
, 121
Pinto, Paul
, 48
Pledge
, 41
Police
, 9
Police Act (1861)
, 68
Police Regulation of Bengal (1943)
, 68
Political
instability in Bangladesh
, 60
interference
, 125–126
will
, 16
Political and Economic Risk Consultancy (PERC)
, 8
Politics of anti-corruption
, 71
Pope, Jeremy
, 35, 140
Population Registration Act (1950)
, 101
Populism
, 87–88
Power supply
, 106–107
Prabhu Dutt v. Union of India (1982)
, 45
Press Freedom Index
, 85
Press Trust of India (PTI)
, 50
Prevention and Combating of Corruption Act (PCCA)
, 103
Prevention of Bribery Ordinance (POBO)
, 14
Prevention of Corruption Act (POCA)
, 11–12, 65–66
Prevention of Corruption Ordinance (POCO)
, 9, 14
Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA)
, 28
Price Waterhouse Coopers (PWC)
, 105
Prima facie case
, 27
Privacy
, 130–131
prioritizing privacy policies
, 131–132
protection
, 133–134
Privacy Act (1974)
, 134
Private entities
, 3
Procurement Act
, 69
Procurement reforms
, 120
Professional ethics
, 66
Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act (1949)
, 101
Promoting and Enhancing Cybersecurity and Information Sharing Effectiveness Act (PRECISE)
, 134
Promotion of Access to Information Act 2 (2000)
, 103
Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 (2000)
, 103–104
Prosperity gospel
, 110
Protected Disclosures Act (PDA)
, 104
Provincial Revenue Fund (PRF)
, 102
Public Administration
, 102–103
Public Finance Management Act (PFMA)
, 104
Public Interest Litigation (PIL)
, 29–30, 37, 50
Public procurement
, 105–106, 113–114
corruption types
, 114–120
measures to curb corruption in procurement
, 120–122
weaknesses in implementing measures to combat corruption in procurement
, 123–126
Public Procurement Act (2006)
, 66
Public Protector
, 102
Public Service Act (2018)
, 68
Public Service Act 103 (1994)
, 103
Quah, Jon S. T.
, 4
Quality of democracy
, 81
Rajya Sabha
, 30
Regime changes
, 57
Republic of South Africa
, 99
Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), 37n1
Rigging of tender
, 119
Right to be Forgotten laws (RTBF laws)
, 134
Right to Information Act (RTI Act)
, 37, 43–46, 67, 69
assessment
, 47–48
features
, 46–47
flip side
, 48–51
genesis
, 44–45
Roy, Aruna
, 47
Royal Hong Kong Police Force (RHKPF)
, 13
Rule of Law
, 82–85, 89
Rules of Business
, 68
S. P. Gupta v. Union of India (1982)
, 45
Sagaria, K. S.
, 48
Sastry, Shama
, 23
Security
, 130–131
protection
, 133–134
Singapore
, 7–8
perceived extent of corruption in
, 8–9
success in combating corruption
, 9–13
Singapore Police Force (SPF)
, 9
Singh, Dushyant
, 32
Singh, Joginder
, 26
Smart technologies
, 133
Social evils
, 47
Social democrats
, 88
Social Weather Stations (SWS)
, 116
Sohrabuddin case
, 51
Sound governance systems (SGS)
, 59
South Africa Act
, 100
South Africa’s Passenger Rail Agency (PRASA)
, 106
South African Airways (SAA)
, 106
South African Native Trusts
, 101
Special Administrative Region (SAR)
, 7
Special Investigation Team (SIT)
, 27
State capture
, 60
State of Rajasthan v. Raj Narain (1975)
, 45
State-owned enterprises (SOEs)
, 105
Stephenson, Mathew C.
, 1
Subramanian, T. S. R.
, 26
Suppression
, 47
Technology
, 130
Thompson, Leonard
, 101
Top-down corruption (see Greed-based corruption)
Transparency
, 103, 130
Transparency International (TI), 2
, 44, 58, 81, 114, 139–140
Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)
, 101
Type A ACA
, 19–20
UN Convention against Corruption (UNCaC)
, 87
Underground economy (see Black money)
United Nations’ Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC)
, 63, 65
United Progressive Alliance (UPA)
, 45
Vineet Narain case
, 25
Voice recognition
, 133
“Vyapam” case
, 32
Websites
, 130
Whistle blowers Act
, 104
Whistleblowers Protection Act (2014), 38n4
White Rule
, 101
World Economic Forum (WEF)
, 64, 114
- Prelims
- Chapter 1: Prologue: The Fight Against Corruption
- Chapter 2: Best Practices for Combating Corruption: Learning from Singapore and Hong Kong
- Chapter 3: India’s Continuing Fight Against Corruption: The Modi Regime’s First Five-Year Saga
- Chapter 4: Right to Information Act in India: An Effective Tool to Combat Corruption
- Chapter 5: Corruption and its Control: The Pursuit of Probity in Bangladesh
- Chapter 6: Corruption in Two Latin American Nations: The Experiences of Brazil and Chile in Comparative Analysis
- Chapter 7: Government Corruption in South Africa
- Chapter 8: Corruption in Public Procurement in Southeast Asian States
- Chapter 9: Ethical Privacy Policies for E-Government Websites
- Chapter 10: Epilogue
- Index