Using Systematic Observation to Assess Early Literacy Development and Plan Instruction

Abstract

Purpose – This chapter describes an assessment tool that not only contains all of the good qualities of formative assessments, in that it informs teaching and is based on systematic observation of the learner engaged in reading and writing, but also possesses the same good qualities as standardized assessments, in that a student's performance can be compared to other students over time.

Methodology/approach – The chapter begins with an overview of Clay's interactive literacy processing theory. The value of using observation is discussed and a case is made that when observations are conducted in a systematic way, the assessment can possess all the same qualities of a good standardized instrument. Two first-grade students' assessment data from the Observation Survey (OS), one a struggling reader and the other working at low-average level, are shared in order to demonstrate how to interpret the assessment data using Clay's literacy processing theory and how to use those interpretations to inform teaching.

Practical implications – Systematic observation of children engaged in reading, and writing continuous text, allows the teacher to observe behaviors that can be used to infer what a reader is using and doing while reading.

Value – This assessment information can be used to effectively scaffold literacy instruction and a child's reading performance.

Citation

Rodgers, E. (2012), "Using Systematic Observation to Assess Early Literacy Development and Plan Instruction", Ortlieb, E. and Cheek, E.H. (Ed.) Using Informative Assessments towards Effective Literacy Instruction (Literacy Research, Practice and Evaluation, Vol. 1), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 107-133. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2048-0458(2012)0000001007