Index
Urban Mobility and Social Equity in Latin America: Evidence, Concepts, Methods
ISBN: 978-1-78769-010-3, eISBN: 978-1-78769-009-7
ISSN: 2044-9941
Publication date: 16 November 2020
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2020), "Index", Oviedo, D., Duarte, N.V. and Pinto, A.M.A. (Ed.) Urban Mobility and Social Equity in Latin America: Evidence, Concepts, Methods (Transport and Sustainability, Vol. 12), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 239-244. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2044-994120200000012016
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Abnormality
, 216
Access
, 16–17, 60–63, 89
in RTS
, 200–203
at Transitory Hospital
, 197–200
Accessibility
, 12–14, 60–61, 210
Bogotá and unequal distribution
, 17–26
challenging
, 6–7
to destinations
, 106
local
, 5–6
as measure of urban (in) equality
, 15–17
mesoscale
, 16
reflections for policy and practice in Latin America
, 26–28
structural dimensions of
, 3–4
Active commuting
, 150
Active travel
, 5–6
Activity-based approach
, 44–53
Adolescents
, 154
After-school programmes
, 176–177
Age
, 155
Annual average of daily traffic (AADT)
, 181
Anti-asylum movement
, 192
Appropriation
, 88–89
Asylums
, 193
Atlas. ti software
, 197
‘Automobility’
, 105, 108
Autonomy
, 142
Belo Horizonte
, 60, 207, 210
mobility experiences of people with disabilities in
, 224–228
urban accessibility in
, 210–218
Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Region (BHMR)
, 217
BHTrans Plan of Accessibility for Urban Mobility in Belo Horizonte
, 211
Bicimachismos
, 143
Bicycle
, 136, 139
Biking
, 150
Body mass index (BMI)
, 157
Bogotá
, 101
household employees, transportation and socio-spatial stratification in
, 91–97
public transportation system
, 89–91
and unequal distribution of accessibility
, 17–26
Brazil’s Federal legal framework
, 210
Brazilian Law for Inclusion of People with Disabilities
, 210
Bus rapid transit system (BRT system)
, 17, 90, 225
Calibration factor
, 65
Capetillo
, 180
Care
, 193
crisis
, 35
mobility
, 4, 38, 42–43
role
, 141
trips
, 71
Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
, 153, 156
Chained journeys
, 63
Chi-square test
, 55n4
Child Friendly City movement
, 173
Children/childhood
, 60, 63, 66, 170
activities
, 184
mobility disadvantages
, 171–172
obesity
, 154
playability
, 171–173, 177–181
social disadvantages of children’s capability to play outside in neighbourhood
, 176–177
subvert time and space structure in favour of greater playability
, 182–183
City planning
, 36
City spaces
methodology
, 195–197
research problem
, 194–195
theoretical discussion
, 192–194
Class position
, 87
Collective taxis
, 123
Competence
, 89
Complete streets concept
, 185
Complex survey data analysis
, 159
Comunas
, 111–116, 121
Congress for the New Urbanism (‘CNU’)
, 174
Covid-19 pandemic
, 235–237
Crime perception in poor neighbourhood
, 181–182
Culture
, 155
Cycle taxis
, 121
Cycling
, 106, 108, 116, 121, 123, 136, 147, . (see also Walking)
analysis
, 140–144
linking to well-being
, 139
methodology
, 140
modal share by women
, 138
woman cyclists in Latin America
, 137–138
for women
, 136
Daily mobility
, 34
Daily travelling practices of people with disabilities
, 219–224
Daily trips
, 138
Democracy, symbol of
, 144
Domestic labour
, 87
Ecologies of modes
, 123
Economic necessity
, 87
Ella se mueve segura (ESMS)
, 118
Emotive factors
, 135, . (see also Social factors)
freedom and autonomy
, 142
happiness
, 142–143
self-esteem and empowerment
, 142
Empleadas Domésticas in Colombia
, 87–88
Empowerment
, 142
Encuesta de Movilidad Domiciliaria
, 138
Equality
, 193
Equity
, 12
in sustainable transport
, 104–105
Ethnicity
, 155
Everyday life
, 34
Exercise
, 155, 159
Expansion factor
, 65
Family mobility patterns
, 60
methodology
, 63–65
mobility, access and gender
, 61–63
results
, 65–79
Family pressure
, 87
Fear
, 96
Female household employees
, 86
Bogotá’s public transportation system
, 89–91
household employees, transportation and socio-spatial stratification in Bogotá
, 91–97
household labour, space and mobility
, 87–89
Financial access
, 61
Freedom
, 142
of mobility
, 192–193
Gender
, 61–63, 105–109, 137
relations
, 36
roles
, 87
in Santiago
, 128–129
in sustainable transport
, 104–105
Gender-neutral transport
, 104
Gendered mobility patterns
, 39–42
Gini indices
, 29
Gross domestic product (GDP)
, 60
Happiness
, 142–143
Health
, 153–156
Hispanic high school students
, 150, 152
data source
, 156
descriptive statistics of survey responses
, 157–158
method
, 156–157
participants
, 157
physical activity and health
, 153–156
policy recommendations
, 162–164
race/ethnicity differences
, 159–162
results
, 157–162
statistical analysis
, 156
study measures
, 157
in United States
, 152–153
Home-based care and work trips
, 45
Horizontal accessibility
, 214
Household
employees
, 86–87, 91–97
labour
, 87–89
Immobility
, 65–66, 223
Impairments
, 215
Insecurity
, 96
Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP)
, 137
Instrumental factors
care role and labour market
, 141
security and sexual harassment
, 140–141
technical skills
, 141–142
Integrated Public Transport System (SITP)
, 90, 93–94
Interlocutors
, 92–93, 95–96, 102
International Network for Transport and Accessibility in Low Income Communities (INTALInC LAC)
, 8
Labour market
, 141
Latin America
, 1, 12–13, 34
cities in
, 8
reflections for policy and practice in
, 26–28
urban mobility and transport policies in
, 3
woman cyclists in
, 137–138
Livable cities
, 174
Liveability
, 17
Local accessibility
, 5–6
Men differential itineraries
, 44–53
Mental health policies
, 193
Meso accessibility
, 28
Mesoscale of accessibility
, 16
Metro underground train system
, 116
Metropolitan Santiago
, 120
Micro accessibility
, 28
Micromachismos
, 143
Mistrust
, 96
Mobility
, 4, 36, 61–64, 66, 87–89, 170
disadvantages of children
, 171–172
experiences of people with disabilities in Belo Horizonte
, 224–228
general mobility statistics and patterns
, 101–102
mode of transport
, 72–77
motivation
, 67–72
patterns
, 34, 63
poverty
, 6, 170
practices
, 211, 214
ratio of trips per journey
, 77–79
in RTS
, 200–203
to school
, 150
in social sciences
, 192
at Transitory Hospital
, 197–200
turn perspective
, 215
Modal share
, 111–116
evolution and investment by transport mode
, 109–111
Model of Mental Health Care
, 192
Montevideo
case study
, 37
conceptual framework
, 35–37
data and methods
, 37–38
gender differences in
, 34
results
, 38–53
Montevideo Metropolitan Region (MMR)
, 35
Motherhood practices
, 36
‘Motility’
, 88–89
‘Move’ system
, 225
Multitasking
, 63–64
National Youth Physical Activity and Nutrition Study (NYPANS)
, 152, 156–157
Neighbourhood of Río Piedras
children’s mobility
, 171
children’s playability
, 177–181
findings
, 181–184
literature review
, 173–177
mobility disadvantages of children
, 171–172
playability of children
, 172–173
Neighbourhood perception
, 151
Neo-traditional cities and neighbourhoods
, 174
Non-governmental organisations (NGOs)
, 136
Non-mandatory accessibility
, 24–25
Organisational access
, 61
Orientation
, 170
Origin–Destination Survey (O–D Survey)
, 60, 63–64, 67, 211
Palma ratios
, 29
Parents’ perception of traffic
, 151
People with disabilities
, 216, 227
Perceptions and experiences of safety
, 96–97
Permanent Accessibility Commission of Belo Horizonte
, 211
Personal safety
, 138
Physical
access
, 61
activity
, 153–156
Planning
, 120–122
Play
, 171
opportunities to play in city
, 174–176
and relationship to children’s mobility in neighbourhood
, 173–174
social disadvantages of children’s capability to play outside in neighbourhood
, 176–177
Playability
, 171, 184
of children
, 172–173, 177–181
study area
, 178–181
Population growth
, 150
Poverty
, 111–116, 176
Project for Public Spaces (‘PPS’)
, 174–175
Psychiatric Reform Policy
, 193
Psychosocial
attention network
, 193
factors
, 155
Public policies
, 192
Public spaces
, 7
Public transport
, 21–22
subsidies
, 27
Public transportation system (Bogotá)
, 89–91, 101
Puerto Rico State Highway System
, 178
Quasi-Poisson regression
, 152, 156
Race/ethnicity differences in effects of active commuting and physical activity behaviours
, 155, 159–162
Residential Therapeutic Services (RTS)
, 194
mobility and access in
, 200–203
Río Piedras
, 178–181
Road PR-27
, 181
Road safety
, 138
Rural-to-urban migration
, 87
Safety
perception and sexual harassment in Santiago’s public transport system
, 118–120
perceptions and experiences of
, 96–97
Santiago de Chile
modal share evolution and investment by transport mode
, 109–111
origin–destination data revealing about women’s travel in
, 109–118
poverty and modal share
, 111–116
safety perception and sexual harassment in
, 118–120
trip purpose
, 117–118
Security
, 140–141
Self-esteem
, 142
Serra Verde Clinic (SVC)
, 194
‘Sex’
, 105
Sexual
division of labour
, 35
harassment
, 140–141
Shadowing
, 197
Single-use residential subs
, 175
SIU-Mobile application
, 228
Social equity
, 1–2, 152, 193
Social factors
, 143
bicimachismos
, 143
socialisation with others
, 143
symbol of democracy
, 144
Social inclusion
, 170
Social justice
, 15
Social mobility
, 141
Social sustainability
, 106
Socialisation with others
, 143
Socio-geographical stratification
, 89
in Bogotá
, 91–97
Socioeconomic status
, 155
Space
, 87–89
space-time constraints
, 36, 62
Spatial segregation
, 95–96
‘Splintering Urbanism’
, 19
State Department of Metropolitan Management (SEGEM)
, 217
Stratification
, 86
Structural dimensions of accessibility
, 3–4
Subjective well-being (SWB)
, 139
‘Subjectivity’
, 139
Subsecretaria de Movilidad Sustentable y Segura
, 138
Superintendence of Urban Trains of Belo Horizonte (STU-BH)
, 218
Sustainable transport
challenges and opportunities for
, 120–123
gender and equity in
, 104–105
Tactile paving
, 226
Technical skills
, 141–142
Temporal access
, 61
Time geography
, 36
Time-structured and place-determined ‘play’ in neighbourhood
, 183–184
Traditional city
, 175
Transitory Hospital
, 194
mobility and access at
, 197–200
Transmilenio
, 17–18, 23, 90, 93
Transport
, 3–4, . (see also Sustainable transport)
in Chile
, 105
corridors
, 17
deficiency
, 14
planners
, 136
projects
, 136
in Santiago
, 128–129
services
, 15
‘Transport justice’
, 104–109
Transport of Contagem (TransCon)
, 218
Transportation
, 91–97
means of
, 93–95
planning
, 170
Travel
behaviour
, 34, 40
motivations
, 67–72
satisfaction
, 139
Trip
, 64–65, 69
chaining
, 117, 123
purpose
, 117–118
trip-based analysis of gendered mobility patterns
, 44
Two-trip itineraries
, 45
United Nations (UN)
, 150, 164
United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
, 13
United States, Hispanics in
, 152–153
Universal design
, 210
Urban (in) equality, accessibility as measure of
, 15–17
Urban accessibility in Belo Horizonte
, 210
conceptual framework
, 216–217
data collection and systematization
, 217–218
frameworks and methods
, 216–218
literature review
, 212–216
results
, 218–228
Urban design-models
, 174
Urban development
, 15
Urban environments
, 14
and services
, 214
Urban geography
, 89
Urban mobility
, 1–2, 60–62, 66, 152, 206, . (see also Mobility)
Urban planning
, 174
Urban policies
, 211
Urban transport planning process
, 12
limitations of traditional approaches to
, 13
Urbanisation
, 150
Uruguay
, 37
Vertical accessibility
, 213–214
Walking
, 88, 94, 106, 108–109, 122, 150–151, . (see also Cycling)
to school
, 150–151
trips
, 104, 116
Well-being
, 14
cycling linking to
, 139
Women
cyclists in Latin America
, 137–138
differential itineraries
, 44–53
mobility
, 91, 93
Work
schedules
, 91–93
trips
, 71
work-related activities
, 48
work-related mobility
, 68
Zoning ordinances
, 175
- Prelims
- Urban Mobility and Social Equity: An Introduction
- Chapter 1: Should Urban Transport Become a Social Policy? Interrogating the Role of Accessibility in Social Equity and Urban Development in Bogotá, Colombia
- Chapter 2: Mobility and Gender Equity in Latin America: Different Mobile Burdens and Contributions in Montevideo (Uruguay)
- Chapter 3: Children and Urban Mobility: Care Dynamics on Family Mobility Patterns
- Chapter 4: ‘Like Sardines in a Can’. Gender, Stratification and Mobility in the Lives of Female Household Employees in Bogotá, Colombia
- Chapter 5: Sustainable Transport and Gender Equity: Insights from Santiago, Chile
- Chapter 6: Gendered Exploration of Emotive and Instrumental Well-Being for Cyclist Woman in Latin America
- Chapter 7: Active Commute to School, Physical Activity and Health of Hispanic High School Students in the United States
- Chapter 8: Children’s Mobility and Playability in the Neighbourhood of Río Piedras: Perspectives from Children and Adults
- Chapter 9: Mobility and Equity: The Problem of Access to City Spaces by Individuals Submitted to Psychiatric Hospitalisation
- Chapter 10: Urban Accessibility in Belo Horizonte, Brazil: A Case Study of Mobility Practices and Demands of People with Disabilities in the Mobility Systems
- Epilogue
- Index