Accommodation

, 106

Accordo di Programma Quadro (APQ)

, 15, 17–18

Activities

, 70, 80–81

Agenda for Sustainable Development (2030)

, 48

Agricultural activities

, 104–105

Al-Juhfa

destination resident’s empowerment

, 107–110

heritage and agricultural activities

, 104–105

infrastructure and tourist facilities

, 105–107

residents

, 109–110

tourism development

, 105

tourism potential of

, 103–110

village

, 106

Algarve-Huelva line

, 195

Aosta Valley Region, case study in

, 16–20

Arbitration

, 178–179

arbitration in tourism

, 183–189

conceptual model and research hypotheses

, 182–183

convention

, 178–179

factor of business competitiveness

, 179–182

limitations and future research

, 191

methodological scheme

, 184–185

study results

, 186–189

Augmented reality (AR)

, 87

Authorization

, 73–74

Average variance extracted (AVE)

, 134

Azura Mosque (see Mosque of Prophet Muhammad)

Biplot methods

, 184

Blue, Green, and Blue-Green City, The

, 26

Blue-green city

, 36–37

Brazil

, 118–119

Bridging tourism theory and practice

, 236–238

implications for future

, 237–238

internal or external perspectives

, 236–237

transfer of perspective knowledge

, 237

Business competitiveness, factor of

, 179–182

Butler’s hypothesis theory

, 129–130

Butler’s model

, 113

Cape Verde

, 127–128, 131

Charter for Sustainable Tourism

, 9

Chinese Eastern Railway (CER)

, 44

Christmas

Christmas-themed tourism attractions

, 112

destinations

, 112, 117

light event

, 118

tourism destinations

, 117

City

brand

, 59–60

center

, 151

as growth machine

, 25, 30, 32

as leisure and entertainment machine

, 26, 35–36

of tiles

, 148

Cocreation

approach

, 218–219

challenges

, 217

environments

, 217

open innovation and

, 216–232

“Colonial mansions”

, 145–148

Community

competencies

, 225–226

participation in LL as open innovation spaces and critical competencies

, 219–224

Competitive advantage

, 181

Competitiveness

, 179

Conceptual model

, 182–183

Conventional power plants

, 164–165

Convergent validity

, 134

Core–periphery concept

, 46

Coronavirus outbreak

, 45–46

Correction factor

, 205

Council, The

, 121–122

COVID-19

crisis

, 127–128

pandemic

, 38, 48, 132

resetting tourism

, 30

safe tourism destination

, 48–49

Creative city, The

, 25–26, 33, 35

Critical competencies, community’s participation in LL as

, 219–224

Croatia, solar energy in

, 163–174

Croatian tourism

, 162

Cross-border

sustainable management destination management in

, 47–50

tourism

, 45–46

Cross-border cooperation (CBC)

, 194, 196–197

Culture-led regeneration process

, 54–56

culture-led development for Mestre

, 58–64

deindustrialization and culture-led regeneration

, 54–56

Mestre’s vision

, 62–64

overtourim and undertourism

, 56–58

Piave District

, 61–62

Cycle Mobility Plan

, 36–37

Cyprus

, 168

Data

analysis

, 206

collection

, 90

Decision-making process

, 142

Deindustrialization process

, 28, 33, 54, 56

“Delrio law”

, 24

Department for Economic Development and Cohesion of the Ministry of Economic Development, The

, 11–12

Descriptive analysis

, 132

Destination management organizations (DMO)

, 224–225

Destination(s)

, 65, 114–115, 117, 142

branding

, 115

components of

, 145–149

heritage cities as

, 142–156

image

, 142–143

management

, 238

reflections on

, 235–236

resident’s empowerment

, 107–110

strategy

, 1–2

sustaining tourism development

, 108–110

Development process

, 116–117

Digital technologies

, 217, 220

Digitalization

, 228

Digitization process

, 87–88

Dispute resolution mechanism

, 178

Diversity of cultural perspectives and treatments

, 235

“Draft strategy”

, 15

E-tourism

, 87–88

Economic repositioning strategies

, 28

Empowerment programs

, 108

Environmental protection

, 162–163

Environmental sustainability

, 235

Espomar project

, 194–196, 198

European Network of Living Labs (ENoLL)

, 217

European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)

, 194

European Structural and Investment Funds (ESI)

, 13

European Territorial Cooperation Programs

, 196

European Travel Commission (ETC)

, 69–70

European Union

, 38, 196, 198

Experiences

, 70, 80–81

Experiential cores at Sino-Russian geographical peripheries

, 49–50

External focused knowledge transfers

, 237

External perspectives of bridging tourism theory and practice

, 236–237

Far East of Russia

, 51–52

Finland

, 119–122

Fordist City, The

, 25, 32–33

Fordist models

, 25

Gastronomy

, 152

“Generic strategies”

, 180

Genoa

, 30, 32, 35–36

Genoa Smart City Association

, 33–34

Geographical peripherality

, 46

Geographical periphery, experiential core at

, 46–47

Geopolitical position

, 131

Governance

, 116–117

Gramado

, 118–119

“Grand Paradis”

, 18

Greek Island of Gavdos

, 168

Gross domestic product (GDP)

, 100, 127–128, 164

Heritage activities

, 104–105

Heritage cities as destinations

, 142–156

components of destination image

, 145–149

heritage destination image

, 143–144

image of private and public stakeholders

, 152–156

psychological image characteristics

, 149–151

study findings

, 145

study methods

, 144–145

unique characteristics of image

, 151–152

“Heritage conservation” status

, 149

Heritage destination image

, 143–144

Heritage tourist destination

, 107

Heterotrait-monotrait ratio (HTMT)

, 134

Historic Center of São Luís (HCSL)

, 142

Historic tourism cities

, 142–143

HJ-Biplot

, 184, 186

Huelva province

, 200–201

IBM SPSS Statistics

, 132

Image, unique characteristics of

, 151–152

Independent-samples t-test

, 74–76

“Industrial triangle”

, 27

Informants

, 104

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs)

, 86, 225

as essential tools for senior tourists

, 87–95

study methods

, 89–90

study results

, 90–95

“Inner areas”

, 7–8

Innovation

, 215, 230–231

analysis

, 226–232

community’s participation in LL as open innovation spaces and critical competencies

, 219–224

LL

, 217

LL as cocreative innovation environments

, 217–219

LLs applications in tourism

, 224–225

open innovation and cocreation

, 216–232

study methods

, 225–226

Instituto Nazionale di Statistica

, 24

Intention corrective factor

, 205–206

Internal arbitration

, 179

Internal focused knowledge

, 237

Internal perspectives of bridging tourism theory and practice

, 236–237

International tourism

, 177–178

panorama

, 30

Interreg programs

, 196

Intertwining Model

, 112–115, 117, 124–126

ISTAT

, 28

Italian industrial triangle

, 27–37

blue-green city

, 36–37

city as growth machine

, 30–32

city as leisure and entertainment machine

, 35–36

creative city

, 33–35

Fordist City

, 32–33

Italian Island of Sicily

, 168

Italian territory

, 11

Keynesian models

, 25

Kruskal–Wallis test

, 93

Leadership

, 116–117

Lighting emission diodes (LEDs)

, 165

Living labs (LLs)

, 216–217

applications in tourism

, 224–225

as cocreative innovation environments

, 217–219

community’s participation in LL as open innovation spaces and critical competencies

, 219–224

concept

, 3

Local governance

, 172

Madeira Island

, 72

Madeira tourism

, 71–73

Madeira tourists’ psychological profile

, 73–82

psychological profile

, 73–82

psychological profile of tourists

, 80–82

study results

, 74–80

Madeiran community traditional events

, 80–81

Maritime connectivity

maritime connectivity demand analysis

, 196–208

study methodology

, 200–203

study results

, 203–208

Measurement model assessment

, 134

Mediterranean basin

, 167

Mediterranean countries, best practices of

, 167–170

Mestre

, 53–54

culture-led development for

, 58–64

vision

, 62–64

Methodological scheme

, 184–185

Metropolitan city

, 34–35

Metropolitan Strategic Plan (2017)

, 32, 36

Milan

, 31, 33, 36–37

municipality

, 30

“Milano Smart City” document

, 34

Ministry of Economic Development

, 14

Ministry of Heritage

, 107

Ministry of Tourism

, 107, 109

Miqat Mosque

, 105

Mixed method approach

, 26–27

Models

, 112, 124–125

Mosque of Prophet Muhammad

, 104

Motivations

, 86–87, 89, 92

Multiple correspondence analysis

, 91

Multivariate data analysis

, 184

National electricity company

, 166

National Reform Program

, 8

National Statistical Institute’s databases, The

, 200–201

National sustainable action plan

, 169

NEST

, 216, 227–228

New media

, 220

Officine Grandi Riparazioni of Turin, the

, 34

One-way ANOVA

, 78–79

Online travel agencies

, 87, 96

Open innovation

, 217

and cocreation

, 216–232

community’s participation in LL as open innovation spaces

, 219–224

model

, 215–216

Overtourim

, 56–58

Partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM)

, 132

Passive house

, 173

People’s Republic of China (PRC)

, 42

Performance concept

, 179

Peripheral destinations

, 48–49

Peripheral regions

, 7–8

Perspective knowledge, transfer of

, 237

Photovoltaic power plants (PV power plants)

, 163, 165

Place identity

, 144

Place-based approach

, 13

Policymakers

, 82

Policymaking process

, 13, 15, 115

Polytechnic city

, 25–26

Portuguese 2027 tourism strategy

, 70

Positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment model (PERMA)

, 71

Positive psychology

, 71

Post COVID-19, development of sustainable tourism at geographic peripheries in

, 48–49

Private stakeholders, image of

, 152–156

Psychological image characteristics

, 149–151

Psychological profile of tourists

, 80–82

Public policies

, 112, 114

Public stakeholders, image of

, 152–156

Qualitative content analysis method

, 79

Quality of life (QoL)

, 128–130

Questionnaire instrument

, 185

Rapallization

, 30

Regeneration process

, 55

Regional tourism policies

, 118

Regionalization

, 122

Renewable energy

barriers to

, 165–167

legislation framework

, 168

Renewable resources

, 161–162

Republic of Croatia, The

, 163–164

Research hypotheses

, 182–183

Resident

competencies

, 224

perception

, 128, 130

and tourism

, 128–137

Rio Summit (1992)

, 9–10

Russian Federation, The

, 42

Saudi Arabia

, 102–103

Sea connectivity

, 199

Senior tourism

, 86–87

Senior tourist

, 86

ICTS as essential tools for

, 87–95

Senior travelers

, 93–95

Sino-Russian border region

, 42–43

Sino-Russian cross-border system

, 51

cross-border tourism

, 45–46

experiential core at geographical periphery

, 46–47

tourism development in Russian far East

, 43–45

sustainable management destination management in cross-border areas

, 47–50

Sino-Russian geographical peripheries, experiential cores at

, 49–50

Sino–Russian tourism development

, 49

SmartPLS 3

, 132

“Smile”

, 34

Social exchange theory (SET)

, 128

Social sustainability

, 235

Solar energy

barriers to renewable energy use

, 165–167

best practices of Mediterranean Countries

, 167–170

in Croatia

, 163–174

implementation of

, 172–174

positive impacts of

, 165

study results

, 170–172

sustainable tourism

, 164–165

systems

, 167, 169

Solar power

, 237

Solar system

, 174

“South-East Smart Land” project

, 34–35

Soviet Union

, 44

Spain–Portugal CBC Program

, 194

Stakeholders

, 122, 236

Start-up training

, 107–108

Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)

, 73–74, 203

Strategia Nazionale Aree Interne Strategy (SNAI Strategy)

, 13, 16

Strategic Plan (2017)

, 36

Strategic processes

, 15

“Strategy”

, 179–180

Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT)

, 53–54

Structural Mode Assessment

, 134–137

Support for tourism

, 128, 130, 132

development

, 129

Sustainability

case study in Aosta Valley Region

, 16–20

fragility or potential for territory

, 11–13

policymaking process

, 13–15

role of sustainability in strategy

, 15–16

in tourism development

, 8–20

training

, 107

Sustainable development

, 9, 101, 171–172

Sustainable environment

, 101–102

Sustainable management destination management in cross-border areas

, 47–50

development of sustainable tourism at geographic peripheries in post COVID-19

, 48–49

experiential cores at Sino-Russian geographical peripheries

, 49–50

sustainable destination development

, 47–48

Sustainable regional development

, 51–52

Sustainable tourism

, 10, 47–48, 100, 164–165

development

, 52

at geographic peripheries in post COVID-19

, 48–49

Sustaining tourism development

, 108–110

Systems theory

, 112

Territorial Cohesion Agency

, 15

Territory, fragility or potential for

, 11–13

Tertiarization

, 28

Three-dimensional approach

, 144

Tourism

, 70, 87–88, 100–101, 162, 164, 236–237

arbitration in

, 183–189

community context

, 129

contracts

, 237

ecosystem

, 226

experiences

, 71–72

impact

, 128–129

impact and quality of life

, 129–130

industry stakeholders

, 100, 124

Italian industrial triangle

, 27–37

literature

, 47

LLs applications in

, 224–225

methodology

, 26–27

models

, 113

organization process

, 112

researchers

, 237

residents and

, 128–137

resources

, 8–9

study findings

, 132–137

study methods

, 130–132

systems

, 112

tourism-related activities

, 127–128

urban regimes

, 24–26

Tourism Area Life Cycle model (TALC)

, 113

Tourism destination

, 42

case studies

, 118–122

development process

, 113

Gramado

, 118–119

literature review

, 113–117

method

, 117–118

Rovaniemi

, 119–122

Tourism development

, 100, 108, 198

context of study

, 102–103

process

, 123–124

in Russian far East

, 43–45

tourism potential of Al-Juhfa village

, 103–110

Tourism Intelligence Forum (t-Forum)

, 1, 235–236

Tourism well-being scale (TWS)

, 73

Tourists, psychological profile of

, 80–82

Turin

, 24, 27, 30–33, 35–37

Undertourism

, 56–58

United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development

, 10

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

, 142–143

World Heritage list

, 144

World Heritage sites

, 156

United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)

, 9–10, 57–58

United Nations World Tourism Organization

, 102

Urban planning

, 54

Urban regeneration

, 55

Urban regimes

, 24–26

Urban Sustainable Mobility Plan (PUMS)

, 36–37

Urbanization process

, 59

Venice

, 53–54, 58–59, 62

municipality archives

, 58–59

overtourism

, 65

Viability analysis

, 209

Well–being

, 70–71

Winter Olympic Games (2006)

, 35–36

World Heritage Convention

, 142

World Heritage Site (WHS)

, 142–143, 149

World Tourism Conference (1980)

, 8–9