Index
Justice, Equity, and Emergency Management
ISBN: 978-1-83982-333-6, eISBN: 978-1-83982-332-9
ISSN: 2040-7262
Publication date: 26 January 2022
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2022), "Index", Jerolleman, A. and Waugh, W.L. (Ed.) Justice, Equity, and Emergency Management (Community, Environment and Disaster Risk Management, Vol. 25), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 201-209. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2040-726220220000025011
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Note: Page numbers followed by “n” indicate notes.
A-historic recovery
, 32
Access
, 181, 185
needs
, 132
Age
, 3
Agribusiness
, 41
Agricultural disasters
, 5, 32
Agricultural producers
, 33
Agricultural workers
, 33, 41–42
historical disparities in federal policy regarding immigrant
, 42–43
Agricultural workforce
, 54
recovery and immigrants in
, 44–45
Agriculture
, 33
Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act (1973)
, 40
Agriculture Improvement Bill
, 37, 45
American Association of People with Disabilities (AAPD)
, 135
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
, 132
Appreciative inquiry
, 156
Aspirational ethics
, 156
Asserts
, 107–108
Atlanta Fulton County Emergency Management Agency (AFCEMA)
, 191–192
Atlanta Public Schools (APS)
, 192
Availability
, 181
Black mutual aid societies
, 15
Broadband
, 181, 183–186, 194–195
future of broadband, and impact on emergency management practice
, 186
homework gap
, 191
Broadband over powerlines (BPL)
, 183
Bunning–Bereuter–Blumenauer Flood Insurance Reform Act (2004)
, 119
Bureau of Indians Affairs (BIA)
, 90, 93, 101
Capacity
, 185
capacity-based social justice framework
, 177
Carless population
, 109
Cavalry approach
, 9
Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
, 44
Center for Responsive Politics
, 41
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
, 92
Children, Just Recovery for
, 144–145
City Assisted Evacuation Plan
, 72
City of Atlanta, Georgia and 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic
, 191–194
Civil Rights Task Force
, 39
Climate change
, 32, 34–36, 100
Climate communities
, 155
Climate variability
, 35
Co-epidemics
, 67
competency during
, 74–76
Co-occurring disasters
action from study
, 83–84
adaptation of emergency management plans and strategies
, 76–78
communicating with public and response
, 74–76
competency
, 67–68
coordination across region
, 70
coordination with non-profit sector and community partners
, 70
data collection and analysis
, 64–66
delay in after-action efforts
, 69
evacuation and sheltering
, 71–74
future research directions
, 84–85
2020 Hurricane Season
, 87
implications for practice
, 83
key findings
, 82–83
key findings and implications for practice
, 67
limitations
, 84
literature review
, 60–62
manner of working
, 68
methodology
, 62
relevant experience before assuming professional role
, 68
research questions
, 62
response to each novel event
, 68–69
revising hurricane response during season due to both epidemics
, 70
revision process of emergency plans
, 69–70
sample size and participants
, 66–67
staff challenges
, 81–82
study site description
, 63–64
weather, forecasting, and NWS/hurricane center
, 78–81
Colonization
, 13, 103
Colorblind
, 32
Commercial fishery failure
, 49
Communications
process
, 177–179
with public and response
, 74–76
strategy
, 176–177
Community
, 111
decision analysis
, 156
Community Ratings System
, 119
Competency
, 67–68
during co-epidemics
, 74–76
Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR)
, 2
Comprehensive emergency management (CEM)
, 115
Comprehensive land use policies
, 116
Congressional Research Service (CRS)
, 49
Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (1961)
, 39
Contemporary planning theories related to principles of just recovery
, 109–115
Convergence
, 157
Coronavirus (COVID-19)
, 191
City of Atlanta, Georgia and
, 191–194
Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act)
, 42, 44, 193
Cost/benefit analysis
, 154
COVID-19 pandemic
, 1, 4, 12, 26
essential workers during
, 44
and hurricanes
, 5–6
“Creole”, 28n1
Crisis
, 190
Critical infrastructure
, 5, 34–36
Crop insurance
, 37–39
Cultural difference
, 113
Dawes Act (see General Allotment Act (1887))
Decoloniality
, 156
Democracy
, 115
Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
, 189
Deserving victims
, 12
Design
, 156
Digital divide
, 8, 182–183
fight against
, 194
Digital subscriber line (DSL)
, 183
Direct disaster payments
, 37, 40
Direct financial assistance programs
, 50
Disaster management
, 90, 91
trust responsibility in
, 98–102
Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA2K)
, 109, 120–123
Disaster recovery
, 135
limited access to disaster recovery loans
, 52
principles for just
, 3–4
programming
, 33
Disaster Relief Act (1950)
, 36
Disasters, 12, 13, 154–155 (see also Fishery disasters)
lessons from co-occurring
, 5
response
, 9
Discourse ethics
, 156
Downtown revitalizations
, 112
Droughts
, 35
Dust Bowl event
, 36
Earthquake
, 116
Ebola
, 70
Economic Impact Payments
, 42
Economic insecurity
, 13
Economic Research Service (ERS)
, 40
Education, access
, 3
El Portal and Hurricane Irma
, 1–3
Elastic
, 155
Elasticity
, 155
Emergency Loan Program
, 37
Emergency loans
, 37, 39–40
Emergency management
, 9, 12–13, 115, 155, 177–179, 182, 190
adaptation of emergency management plans and strategies
, 76–78
emerging technologies as social justice issue in
, 7–8, 183–190, 191–194
implications for
, 25–26
justice and equity in
, 4–5
mutual aid within
, 14–15
practice
, 176, 194–195
Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC)
, 14
Emergency managers
, 70, 81, 176–179, 194
Emergency Operations Center (EOC)
, 81
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
, 120
Emerging technologies
, 176
broadband, social media, and other
, 194–195
in emergency management practice
, 7–8
as social justice issue in emergency management practice
, 183–190, 191–195
Employment
, 136–137
Empowerment evaluation
, 156
Encoded message
, 178
Environmental hazards
, 99
Epidemic of hurricane threats
, 67
Epiphany
, 6
wicked problems and possibilities
, 154–173
Equality
, 108, 185
Equitable distribution
, 108
Equity
, 108, 185
in emergency management
, 4–5
grassroots mutual aid advances
, 24–25
Essential workers during COVID-19 pandemic
, 44
Ethics
, 154
of liberation
, 155
Evacuations
, 9, 71–74
External stakeholder
, 177
Facebook
, 186, 190
Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)
, 42
Fairness
, 155
for all
, 154
Farm Bill (see Agriculture Improvement Bill)
Farm Service Agency (FSA)
, 37
Farmers Home Administration (FHA)
, 39
Federal agricultural disaster relief programs
, 39
Federal agricultural risk management and disaster recovery tools
, 38
crop insurance
, 38–39
direct disaster payments
, 40
emergency loans
, 39–40
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
, 181, 183–184
Federal Crop Insurance Act (1980)
, 37
Federal crop insurance program
, 38–39
Federal Crop Insurance Reform and Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act
, 39
Federal Disaster Act (1950)
, 118
Federal disaster policy and FA Sector
, 36–37
Federal Disaster Recovery Policy and immigrants
, 43–44
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
, 8, 13, 43, 98, 101, 115, 132, 180, 194
Federal fishery disaster
challenges
, 49–51
declaration process
, 33
deficiencies in federal fishery disaster declaration and recovery processes
, 52–53
relief programming
, 49
Federal funding for disaster management
, 101
Federal Indian Policy
, 6, 90–91, 103
and reservation system
, 91–95
Federal Policy
and fishery disasters
, 46–49
regarding immigrant agricultural workers
, 42–43
Federalism
, 95–96
Fisheries and disaster recovery
, 45–46
Fishery disasters
, 5, 32
deficiencies in federal fishery disaster declaration and recovery processes
, 52–53
exclusion from USDA risk management programming
, 51–52
Federal Policy and
, 46–49
just recovery following
, 51
limited access to disaster recovery loans
, 52
Fishing
, 45–46
communities
, 46
Flood Hazard Mapping
, 118
Flood Insurance Reform Act (2004)
, 119
Flood mitigation assistance (FMA)
, 119
Flood Mitigation Assistance Program (FMAP)
, 121
Flooding
, 32, 118
Floodplain Management
, 118
Floods
, 35, 116
hazard
, 116
insurance
, 118
Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act
, 43
Food and Agriculture Sector (FA Sector)
, 32
critical infrastructure, climate change, and vulnerability
, 34–36
federal agricultural risk management and disaster recovery tools
, 38–40
federal disaster policy and
, 36–37
just recovery in
, 33–34, 40–45
workforce
, 36
Food deserts
, 181
Forecasting
, 78–81
Free-to-farmers
, 40
Fulfillment of Trust Responsibility for Disaster Management in Indian Country
, 6
Functional needs
, 3, 132
Funding
, 53
Gender
, 3
General Allotment Act (1887)
, 93
Get Our Kids Connected Campaign
, 193
Governor’s Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Management (GOHSEP)
, 70
Grassroots mutual aid
, 16
advances justice and equity
, 24–25
and local government coordination
, 22–23
principles and strategies of
, 17–18
Gross domestic product (GDP)
, 34
Gulf of Mexico Freshwater Flooding
, 53
Hazard mitigation
, 115
justice in
, 6
plan
, 116
public participation in hazard mitigation planning process
, 123–124
Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP)
, 36, 121
Hazard(s)
, 155
identification
, 116
vulnerability
, 116
Health
, 134–135
Holistic disaster risk reduction
, 4, 32
Homophobia
, 13
Housing
, 133–134
Human–technology interaction
, 182
Hurricane Irma
, 1–3
Hurricane Katrina
, 9, 21, 68, 109, 140, 186
Hurricane Maria
, 17
Hurricane Rita (2005)
, 125
Hurricane Season (2020)
, 63
Hurricane Zeta
, 23
Hurricanes
, 116, 124
COVID-19 and
, 5–6
revising hurricane response during season due to epidemics
, 70
Hurricanes Delta, 85n2
Hurricanes Laura, 5, 26, 53, 72, 78, 85n2
Emergency Cash Program
, 20
Imagine Mutual Aid in response to
, 20–22
Resource Center
, 22
Hurricanes Marco
, 5
Imagine Mutual Aid
, 26
in response to Hurricane Laura
, 20–22
Imagine Water Works
, 18–20, 23
Immigrants
Federal Disaster Recovery Policy and
, 43–44
just recovery and immigrants in agricultural workforce
, 44–45
Inclusion
, 110
Inclusive deliberative democracy
, 113
Indian Appropriations Act (1871)
, 92–93
Indian Bend Wash project
, 117
Indian Country
, 90
Indian Health Service
, 101
Indian Removal Act (1830)
, 92, 95
Indian Reorganization Act (1934)
, 94–95
Indian Self Determination and Education Assistance Act (1975)
, 97–98
Indian Trade and Intercourse Act (1790)
, 91
Individual Assistance program (IA program)
, 36
Individual yield
, 38
Individuals with disabilities
, 132
disasters impact on
, 132–133
just recovery for
, 137–140
recovery considerations for
, 133–137
Influenza plans
, 70
“Informal” sector of economy
, 110
Information-sharing processes
, 177
Instagram
, 186
Institutionalization
, 137
Insurance
, 38
Integrated Emergency Management System (IEMS)
, 119
Inter-state Civil Defense and Disaster Compact (1950)
, 15
Intergenerational conversation
, 158–159
Internal stakeholder
, 177
Internet access
, 181
Internet deserts
, 181
Internet providers
, 181
Johnson v. M’Intosh
, 91
Jurisdictional sovereignty and self-determination
, 95–98
Just recovery
, 6, 8, 13–14, 107, 132
additional considerations
, 146
agricultural workers
, 41–42
children
, 144–145
contemporary planning theories related to principles of
, 109–115
in critical infrastructure sector
, 5
essential workers during COVID-19 pandemic
, 44
in FA Sector
, 33–34, 40
Federal Disaster Recovery Policy and Immigrants
, 43–44
fishery disasters
, 51–53
historical disparities in federal policy regarding immigrant agricultural workers
, 42–43
and immigrants in agricultural workforce
, 44–45
for individuals with access and functional needs
, 6–7
individuals with disabilities
, 132–140
LEP
, 142–144
older adults
, 140–142
other individuals with access and functional needs
, 140
political influence
, 40–41
pregnant women
, 145–146
principles
, 32–33, 91, 102
Justice, 108 (see also Social justice)
asserts
, 107–108
as capacity
, 155
collaboration
, 124–126
contemporary planning theories related to principles of just recovery
, 109–115
DMA2K
, 120–123
in emergency management
, 4–5
grassroots mutual aid advances
, 24–25
in hazard mitigation
, 6, 115
Hazard Mitigation Programs in United States, 118–
justice, equity, and equality
, 108
mitigation
, 115–118
public participation in hazard mitigation planning process
, 123–124
vulnerable
, 108–109
Kobe earthquake (1955)
, 12
Krajeski, Dick
, 7
Land tenure
, 3
Landslide
, 116
Landslide Hazard Program (LHP)
, 120
Large-scale family farms
, 40–41
Liberation Hubs
, 18
Limited English proficiency (LEP)
, 109, 132, 142–143
just recovery for
, 144
recovery considerations for
, 143–144
Literal noise
, 178
Local government coordination, grassroots mutual aid and
, 22–23
Louisiana Hurricane (1918), 85n1
Low-income migrant
, 44
Magnuson–Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (MSA)
, 46
Major Crimes Act
, 95
Marshall Trilogy of court rulings
, 92
Metaphors
, 154
Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act (MSAWPA)
, 42
Mitigation
, 26–27, 115–118
Multiple communications process models
, 177–178
Multiple peril
, 38
Mutual aid
, 4–5, 12–13
agreement
, 125
case study
, 18–23
within emergency management
, 14–15
grassroots mutual aid advances justice and equity
, 24–25
historical context for
, 15–17
implications for emergency management
, 25–26
legacy of
, 13–14
principles and strategies of grassroots
, 17–18
Mutual Aid Disaster Relief (MADR)
, 16–17
Mutual Aid Hub
, 17
Mutual Aid Response Network (MARN)
, 4, 18
creation of
, 19–20
Imagine Mutual Aid in response to Hurricane Laura
, 20–22
in New Orleans
, 22
National Climate Assessment
, 35
National Congress of American Indians (NCAI)
, 100
National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP)
, 119
National Emergency Management Association (NEMA)
, 15
National Flood Insurance Act (1968)
, 119
National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)
, 118
National Flood Insurance Reform Act (1994)
, 121
National Guard
, 8
National Incident Management System (NIMS)
, 14
National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP)
, 34
National Institute of Standards and Technology
, 119
National Labor Relations Act (NLRA)
, 42
National Science Foundation (NSF)
, 119
National Weather Service
, 120
Natural Hazards
, 116
community
, 7
Natural Hazards Workshop (NHW)
, 7, 157
Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) (see US Soil Conservation Service)
New Orleans Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness (NOHSEP)
, 73
Noise
, 178
Non-English speaking population
, 109
Non-Euclidean approach
, 112
Non-structural hazard mitigation tools
, 116–117
Nonfamily farms
, 41
Noninsured Disaster Assistance Program (NAP)
, 39
NWS/hurricane center support within storm and COVID epidemics
, 78–81
Occupy Sandy volunteer mutual aid network
, 16
Older adults
, 140
disproportionate impact of disasters on
, 140–141
just recovery for
, 142
recovery considerations for
, 141–142
Operation Restoration
, 21
Participatory action reflection and action
, 156
Pay for access
, 181
Periphery
, 155, 157
Physical losses
, 39
Pigford
, 40
Pigford II
, 40
Planning
, 112, 154
process
, 123
Plasticity
, 155
Pole attachment rate
, 184
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
, 135
Power Map
, 23
Pre-colonization
, 103
Pre-disaster mitigation (PDM)
, 120
Pregnant women, just recovery for
, 145–146
Preparedness
, 115
Presidential emergency
, 38
Presidential major disaster
, 38
declarations
, 43
Principle of prima facie political equality (PPFPE)
, 3–4, 32
Principles of just recovery
, 32–33
Privatized decision-making processes
, 111
Production losses
, 39
Project South, 28n2
Public Assistance program (PA program)
, 36, 121
Public Law 280 (1953)
, 95–97, 100
Public participation
, 123
in hazard mitigation planning process
, 123–124
Public policy challenges in critical infrastructure sector
, 5
Public servants
, 194
Public space
, 111–112
Public–private partnerships
, 194
Race
, 3
Racism
, 13
Recognition
, 156
Recovery, 115 (see also Just recovery)
accessing services
, 137
considerations for individuals with disabilities
, 133
considerations for older adults
, 141–142
employment
, 136–137
health
, 134–135
housing
, 133–134
transportation
, 135–136
Redistribution
, 156
Regime change
, 155
Relational ethics
, 156
Relief funds
, 50
Repetitive Flood Claims program (RFC program)
, 119
Representation
, 156
Reservation system
, 103
Federal Indian Policy and
, 91–95
Residential racial segregation
, 112
Resilience
, 33, 155
Resource-dependent communities
, 46
Response
, 115
Revenue streams
, 100–101
Revision process of emergency plans
, 69–70
Rights
, 185
Risk
assessment
, 116
communications tools
, 178–179, 186
management
, 33
Risk Management Agency (RMA)
, 38
Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (1988)
, 32
Safety
, 90
Salmon-related federal fishery disasters
, 50
Sandy Recovery Improvement Act (2013)
, 102
Seasonal farmworker
, 44
Secretarial disaster
, 38
Secretary of Agriculture
, 43, 45
Sector-Specific Plans (SSP)
, 34
Security
, 90
Self-determination
, 95–98, 103
Self-governance
, 103
Services, accessing
, 137
Severe weather
, 35
Sexual identification
, 3
Sheltering
, 71–74
Short message service (SMS)
, 190
Small Business Administration (SBA)
, 36
Small-scale family farms
, 41
Social justice
, 176, 179–183
in emergency management practice
, 7–8
emerging technologies as
, 183–190, 191–195
Social media
, 186, 194–195
emerging technology
, 187–190
Social networks
, 27
Social/TV media
, 74–76
Social–ecological systems
, 155
Socio-economic status
, 3
Southern Movement Assembly (SMA), 17–18, 28n2
Staff challenges
, 81–82
Stafford Act (1988)
, 34, 36, 38, 43, 119, 121
Stakeholders
, 49
Street medics
, 16
Structural measures of hazard mitigation
, 116
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA)
, 120
Technological innovations
, 179–180
Termination Act (1953)
, 94
Tornado
, 116
Transphobia
, 13
Transportation
, 135–136
Tribal affiliation
, 3
Tribal Assets
, 100
Tribal Homeland Security Grant funding
, 98
Tribal Jurisdiction
, 100–101
Tribal Lands
, 99
Tribal Nations
, 90, 96, 98–99, 103
Tribal Peoples
, 98–99
Tribal Reservation system
, 103
Trust Responsibility in Disaster Management
, 98–102
Twitter
, 186, 190
Uncertainty of threat
, 67
Undocumented workers
, 42
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
, 33
exclusion from USDA risk management programming
, 51–52
United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
, 34
United States Department of Labor (DOL)
, 41–42
United States Geological Survey (USGS)
, 119
United States Global Change Research Program (USGCRP)
, 35
Urban spatial strategy
, 112
Urban vulnerability
, 110
Urbanism
, 114
US Department of Transportation (DOT)
, 120
US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
, 120
US Soil Conservation Service
, 120
Value(s)
, 154
clarification
, 156
value-added seafood products
, 45
Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster (VOAD)
, 20, 72
Volunteers
, 9
Vulnerability
, 34–36, 110
factors
, 33
Vulnerable populations
, 108–109, 190
Water
, 35
Weather
, 78–81
Whole Community approach
, 9, 25
Worcester v. Georgia
, 92
World Health Organization
, 142
Xenophobia
, 13
Zeta (storm)
, 5, 77–78
- Prelims
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- Chapter 2: Mutual Aid: A Grassroots Model for Justice and Equity in Emergency Management
- Chapter 3: Agricultural and Fishery Disasters: Public Policy Challenges and Just Recovery in a Critical Infrastructure Sector
- Chapter 4: Lessons from Co-Occurring Disasters: COVID-19 and Eight Hurricanes
- Chapter 5: Federal Indian Policy and the Fulfillment of the Trust Responsibility for Disaster Management in Indian Country
- Chapter 6: Equity and Justice in Hazard Mitigation
- Chapter 7: Just Recovery for Individuals with Access and Functional Needs
- Chapter 8: The Underside of Epiphany: Wandering Wonderings
- Chapter 9: The Role of Emerging Technologies and Social Justice in Emergency Management Practice: The Good, the Bad, and the Future
- Index