Academic studies

, 177

ACCEM

, 111

Act of 20 April 2004 on the Promotion of Employment and Labour Market Institutions

, 52

Act on the Promotion of Employment

, 53–54

Act on the Promotion of Employment and the Institutions of the Labour Market

, 54

Actors

, 5–6, 11

Ad hoc measures

, 126

Adult education for social change

, 166

Adult language programmes

, 156

comparative multiple case study approach

, 158–159

data collection and analysis

, 159–160

educational policies targeting integration of adult migrants

, 163–166

implications and recommendations

, 167–168

policies targeting integration through adult migrant education provision

, 160–163

problematizing integration and language learning for adult migrants

, 156–158

Adult migrants. See also Integration of migrants; Migrants

educational policies targeting integration of

, 163–166

problematizing integration and language learning for

, 156–158

‘Age of surveillance capitalism’

, 24

All-Ukrainian Population Census

, 85

Anglo-American model

, 37

Anticommunist movement

, 26–27

Arab Spring

, 3–4

Assimilation

, 19–22, 53

model

, 49

Association of Independent Trade Unions

, 143

Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (AMIF)

, 10

Asylum Act

, 135

Asylum seekers

, 4–5, 93–94

Balkan war

, 117

Big Bang

, 17

Bioregionalist approach

, 192

Borders

, 19

British coast

, 22

Broken refugee system

, 9

Business

practitioners and sociologists

, 32

union and NGO initiatives for labour market integration

, 108

Caste-like privileges

, 24

Castile–Leon Employment Plan

, 106

CEAR

, 111–112

Center for Public Opinion Research

, 59

Central European Member states

, 7

Central Mediterranean route

, 4

Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD)

, 38–39

Centres for Support of Integration of Foreigners (CPIC)

, 137, 144

Centros de informaci ´on y asesoramiento sociolaboral para inmigrantes’ programme

, 110

Citizenship acquisition procedures

, 92

Civic technology

, 188–189

Coalition of the Willing

, 5

Coastal Guard Agency

, 4, 7–8

Cold War

, 16, 20, 24

pattern of systematic hostilities

, 18

Common Basic Principles for the Immigrant Integration Policy, The

, 32–33

Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR)

, 157

Comparative case study analysis

, 167

Comparative multiple case study approach

, 158–159

Compensatory migration

, 38

Cosmopolitan bioregionalism

, 192

‘Country of Destination’, The (2007)

, 18–19

Course blocking

, 157

Crowdfunding

, 188

Crowdsourcing

, 188

Cultural

distance

, 59–60

integration

, 134, 177

Cypriot case study

, 162

Czech context

, 134

Czech integration policies

, 137

Czech Labour Code

, 141

Czech labour market. See also Italian labour market

, 135

labour offices, trade unions and NGOs

, 142–147

migration and integration policies and main actors

, 135–137

position of immigrants on labour market and main integration challenges

, 137–142

Czech LOs

, 135

Czech migration policies

, 135

Czech NGOs

, 145

Czech Republic

, 134, 136

migration to

, 137–138

Czech trade unions

, 143

DAAD

, 129

Declaration of Zaragoza

, 156

Department of Analysis and Migration Policy

, 54

Department of Asylum and Migration Policy (DAMP)

, 135–136

Department of Citizenship and Repatriation

, 54

Descriptive statistics

, 67

‘Deutsche Islam Konferenz’ (DIK)

, 124

‘Dialectic of Enlightenment’

, 28

Digital

competences

, 189

media

, 190

technology

, 188–189, 191

Digital social innovation (DSI)

, 188–189, 188, 188, 191–192

Discursive monoculturalism

, 162–163

DSI4EU project

, 189

Dublin Regulation

, 5–7

Eastern Mediterranean route

, 4

Economic Integration (ECONI)

, 176, 178

‘Economic migrants’ integration into polish society, aspects of

, 59–60

Education

, 38, 126, 161–162, 188

Educational policies targeting integration of adult migrants

, 163–166

Emigration. See also Immigration

, 47–48

emigration–immigration country

, 48

in Germany

, 116

process

, 66

‘Employers for Integration’ initiative

, 38

Employment

, 74

probability

, 76–79

rate

, 70

transitions

, 74–75

Employment and Economic Development Office

, 174

Encouragement

, 157–158

Enlightenment

, 28–30

Equality, liberties with

, 22–28

Estonian research team

, 162

Ethnic German resettlers

, 117

‘EU Integration Action Plan’, The

, 34

Euro crisis

, 117

Europe, integration of migrants in

, 32–33, 32–33

European Agenda on Migration

, 7–8

European border

, 4, 7–8

European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI)

, 105–106

European crisis

, 9

European Migration Network (EMN)

, 162

European Social Fund

, 111–112

European Union (EU)

, 3–4, 7–10, 18, 117

EU–Turkey agreement

, 7–8

proposals

, 8

European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA)

, 11

Europeanization

, 50

Exclusion

, 28

Exclusionary model

, 37, 49, 116, 124

Family Support Centers

, 89–91

Finland

, 171–172

dimensions of integration and measurement

, 176–178

Finnish experience with immigrant integration

, 173–176

public authorities in

, 174

results

, 179–185

survey among immigrants in

, 178–179

Finnish integration policy

, 176

First Plan of Region of La Rioja

, 106

Foreign immigration

, 66, 67

Foreign language proficiency

, 157

Foreign-born population

, 140

Foreigners Act

, 135

Foreigners Act of 12 December 2013

, 52

Foreigners in Italy

, 67

Fraternity, liberties with

, 22–28

‘Freedom of the Border’, The

, 18–19

Gastarbeiter model. See Exclusionary model

Gdańsk

, 57

Gdynia Museum of Migrations

, 16–17

Generalizing or homogenizing approach

, 162–163

Geneva Convention

, 5

German higher education system

, 127–128

Germany

, 115–116

immigration and emigration in

, 116

as immigration country

, 119–120

integrating migrants in

, 120

integration policies in

, 120–122

migration policy

, 116–120, 116

Glasgow case study

, 162

Globalization

, 157

Grupo EULEN

, 109

Grupo VIPS

, 109

Guest workers

, 117, 121, 123

Hague Programme: 10 priorities for the next five years, The

, 156

Health

, 38

Healthcare

, 188

‘Herkunft’

, 115–116

Higher education, integration policies in

, 124–126

Hotspots

, 10–11

Housing

, 38

HRM practices

, 38

Humanitarian crisis

, 5–6, 9–10

‘Ich bin ein Emigrant’

, 18

Identificational integration

, 134

Ideological illusions

, 17

‘Immigrant entrepreneurship’

, 40

Immigrant integration

, 178

Finnish experience with

, 173–176

program

, 179

Immigrants

, 16–17, 106, 135

Immigration. See also Emigration

, 134

crisis

, 18

in Germany

, 116–117

in Italy

, 66

law

, 82

Immigration Policy Lab (IPL)

, 178–179

Inburgering or embedding as citizen

, 19–20

Inclusion

, 19–22

‘Inclusive model’

, 37, 49

Incorpora

, 109–111

Independent Labour Organization (ILO)

, 108–109

Inditex

, 108–109

InfoFinland. fi

, 177–178

Information Communication Technology (ICT)

, 189–190

Innovation. See also Social innovation

, 188

Institutional aspect of integration policy

, 51

Institutionalization

, 50

Institutions

, 134, 137

Integrated Political Crisis Response (IPCR)

, 8

Integration

, 33, 49, 83, 99, 120–121, 161–162, 191–192

constellations

, 33

experiences

, 36

of immigrants

, 66, 134

policy

, 33, 37

in polish public discourse

, 58–59

in society and labour market

, 32

Integration of migrants. See also Adult migrants

, 32

dimensions

, 33–36

in Europe

, 32–33

institutional perspective

, 38–39

on macro level

, 34–37

perception and attitudes towards migrants in Europe-micro level of integration

, 39–40

Integration policies

in Germany

, 120–122

in higher education

, 124–126

towards refugees

, 123–124

in Spain

, 105–106

‘Integrationskurse’

, 126

Intergovernmental Consultations on Immigration and Asylum (IGC)

, 38–39

International Labour Organization (ILO)

, 74

International Organization for Migration (IOM)

, 38–39, 86–87

International protection

procedure

, 6

regulations

, 4

International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED)

, 69–70, 75

International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08)

, 74, 75

IPL-24 survey instrument

, 178–179

‘Italian Citizenship’

, 76–78

Italian DSI applications for migrants and refugees

, 193–196

Italian Labour Force Survey (LFS)

, 67

Italian labour market. See also Czech labour market

, 66

regressions

, 76–79

situation of foreigners in

, 67–76

Italian law

, 66

Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT)

, 67

JUMA Project

, 194

Kara Tepe

, 10–11

Kogut Singh KSI index

, 59–60

‘Kultura Liberalna’ Foundation

, 58

La Caixa

, 109–111

‘La homologacíon y/o convalidación de estudios extranjeros’ document

, 110

Labour

, 38

Labour Force Survey (LFS)

, 100

Labour inspectorates

, 135

Labour market

, 32–33, 66, 100, 135

Labour market integration

business, union and NGO initiatives for

, 108

of immigrants in Spain

, 100–104

unemployment, loss of work and adjustments by families in times of crisis

, 100–102

years of recovery with wage depreciation

, 102–104

Labour offices (LOs)

, 135, 139, 142–147

Language

, 156–157

learning for adult migrants

, 156–158

training

, 177

Large-scale social innovation initiatives

, 192–193

Law ‘On Freedom of Movement and Free Choice of Residence in Ukraine’

, 92

Law ‘On Immigration’

, 82, 85

Learner-centred education

, 158

Legal aspect of integration policy

, 51

Liberties with equality and fraternity

, 22–28

Lifelong Learning Programme (LLP)

, 162

Likert scale items

, 178

Linguistic Integration (LINGI)

, 178

Linguistic Integration of Adult Migrants (LIAM)

, 156–157

Local level policy

, 55–57

‘Los certificados de profesionalidad’ document

, 110

Low-paying jobs

, 66–67

Macro perspective

, 32

‘aspects of economic migrants’ integration into polish society

, 59–60

of integrating migrants in Poland

, 47–48

migration and integration in polish public discourse

, 58–59

Poland’s migration and integration policy on national level

, 50–55

polish migration and integration policy on local level

, 55–57

polish model of integration policy

, 49

Madrid Confederation of Employers and Industries (CEIM)

, 107

Madrid Plan

, 106

Malta National Lifelong Learning Strategy 2020 (MNLLS2020)

, 160–161

Mass media

, 22

Media censorship

, 25

Member states

, 7

Meso perspective

, 32

Micro perspective

, 32

MigrAdvisor

, 194–195

Migrants. See also Adult migrants

, 4–6, 135

integration

, 158–159

‘special features of migrants’ integration into Ukrainian society

, 88–94

technology appropriation by

, 189–191

in Ukraine and problems of researching situation

, 82–88

Migration

, 18, 32, 48, 192

in Germany

, 116–120

of local colonial elites

, 20

policy in Ukraine

, 83

in polish public discourse

, 58–59

processes in Ukraine

, 81

Migration crisis

, 3–4, 6–10, 37

hotspots

, 10–11

Migration Policy

, 51

‘Migreat’

, 191–192

Minister of Labour and Social Policy Regulation of August 30, 2006

, 52

Minister of the Interior and Administration

, 54

Ministry for Home Affairs and Security (MHAS)

, 162

Ministry of Finance

, 54

Ministry of Foreign Affairs

, 54

Ministry of Health

, 54

Ministry of Industry and Trade (MoIT)

, 135

Ministry of Interior of the Czech Republic (MoI)

, 135, 139

Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (MoLSA)

, 135, 139

Ministry of National Education

, 54

Ministry of Science and Higher Education

, 54

MIPEX model

, 37

Moral communities

, 91–92

Moria

, 10–11

Motivation

, 157–158

‘Multicultural model’

, 37

‘Multiculturalism model’

, 37, 49

Multidimensional approach

, 32

Multilevel policy or governance in multilevel system

, 32

National Action Plan for Employment

, 53

National Integration Act

, 172, 174

National level policy

, 50–55

National State Administration

, 106–107

National Statistics Institute (NSI)

, 99

Navigational Integration (NAVI)

, 178

Navigational integration

, 177–178

Nazi German Holocaust

, 47–48

New Migration Priorities of the Government Migration Policy

, 53

NewTwine

, 193–194

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)

, 32, 53, 100, 135, 142–147

‘Nontraditional’ migrants

, 85

‘Not in my backyard’ slogan

, 27–28

inclusion or assimilation

, 19–22

liberties with equality and fraternity

, 22–28

OASI on the Street

, 194

Objective test

, 23

Objectivity

, 17, 28

Odds ratios (ORs)

, 76–78

Official Statistics of Finland (OSF)

, 176

‘On-the-job accompaniment’ scheme

, 111

One-way ANOVA

, 179–180

‘Open Cracow’ scheme

, 56–57

Open University of Cyprus

, 158

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

, 38–39

OECD PISA studies

, 124

Pedagogue/adult educator

, 164

Poland’s migration and integration policy on national level

, 50–55

Policy for integration

, 136

Policymakers

, 129

Polish

communist legal system

, 25

constituencies

, 25

migration and integration policy on local level

, 55–57

model of integration policy

, 49

society

, 59

Polish Immigrants Integration Policy–Assumptions and Guidelines

, 51

Political

aspect of integration policy

, 51

contexts

, 157

Political Integration (POLI)

, 178

‘Por un trabajo digno’ programme

, 110

Postcolonial model. See ‘Inclusive model’

Poznán

, 57

Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (PiS)

, 53

Psychological Integration (PSYCHI)

, 178

Public authorities in Finland

, 174

‘Public Debate Observatory’ project

, 58

Public discourse

, 58

in Ukraine

, 82

Public perception

, 117

Red ACOGE

, 111

Red Cross

, 112

Reference frameworks

, 16

Referendum

, 23–24

Refugee crisis. See also Migration crisis

, 58, 116–119

Refugees

, 4–6, 9–10, 27–28, 82, 85–86, 116–117

integration policies towards

, 123–124

technology appropriation by

, 189–191

Region of Madrid

, 106–107

Regressions

, 76–79

Relocation

plan

, 7

scheme

, 7–9

Rental

, 93–94

Responsibility sharing

, 6

Sakhi Worker Wellbeing project

, 108–109

Seasonal work permit

, 54

‘Self-help assistance’

, 89–91

Service Takes Care of You

, 194

‘Shape of Freedom’, The

, 19

Similarity-attraction theory

, 40

SJM España

, 112

Skilled Immigration Act

, 116, 120

Small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)

, 38

Smart cities

, 188–189

Social categorization theory

, 40

Social Dialogue Committee of City of Warsaw for Foreigner Issues

, 56

Social innovation

, 188

digital social innovation and integration

, 191–192

Italian DSI applications for migrants and refugees

, 193–196

large-scale social innovation initiatives

, 192–193

technology appropriation by migrants and refugees

, 189–191

Social integration (SOCI)

, 109, 134, 156–157, 177–178

‘Solidarity’

, 16, 26–27

Spanish Commission for Refugee Aid

, 111–112

Spanish labour market

, 100

ACCEM

, 111

business, union and NGO initiatives for labour market integration

, 108

CEAR

, 111–112

Grupo EULEN

, 109

Grupo VIPS

, 109

Incorpora

, 109–111

Inditex

, 108–109

initiatives for labour market integration of immigrants in Spain

, 106–107

integration policy in Spain

, 105–106

labour market integration of immigrants in Spain

, 100–104

Red ACOGE

, 111

Red Cross

, 112

SJM ESPAÑA

, 112

Tent Partnership for Refugees

, 108

Stabilization

, 50

State Migration Service

, 93–94

Stockholm Programme

, 156

Stranger

, 16

Strategy For Intercultural Dialogue

, 57

Strategy for State Migration Policy of Ukraine

, 83

Strategy Wrocław, The (2030)

, 57

Structural integration

, 134

of immigrants

, 134

Studiare Migrando

, 195–196

Substantive aspect of integration policy

, 51

Symbolic gesture

, 21–22

Syrian Civil War

, 3–4

‘Techfugees’

, 192

Technology appropriation by migrants and refugees

, 189–191

Temporary housing areas (THAs)

, 93–94

Tent Partnership for Refugees

, 108

Third-country nationals (TCNs)

, 137, 142

Tolerance

, 19–20

Trade unions

, 135, 142–147

Transparency of citizenship acquisition procedures

, 92

Tunisian Revolution

, 3–4

Tutoring

, 89–91

Two-dimensional approach

, 136

Ukraine

immigration policy

, 85

lack funds

, 93–94

migrants and problems of researching situation

, 82–88

‘special features of migrants’ integration into Ukrainian society

, 88–94

Underground economy

, 67

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

, 38–39, 86–87, 193

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)

, 4

United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR)

, 5

United Nations Summit (UN Summit)

, 5–6

United Us Gdansk. Immigrant Integration Model-IIM

, 57

Urban planning

, 38

V4 countries

, 8–9

‘View from nowhere’

, 17

Visegrad Group

, 8

Vocational training courses

, 162

Wage depreciation, years of recovery with

, 102–104

Warsaw

, 56

Welfare

, 38

Western Balkan route

, 4

Western Mediterranean route

, 4

Wissenschaftsrat (WR)

, 126–127

Working career development

, 100

World War II (WWII)

, 116

Wrocław

, 57

‘Wrocław in Perspective 2020 Plus’ Strategy

, 57

Zaragoza declaration of European Ministerial Conference

, 66