Actual behavior

, 87, 89, 94, 96

Adjusted goodness-of-fit index (AGFI)

, 121–122

Adverse effect

, 116–117

Advertisement

, 148–149

Advertising activities

, 52

Affect Balance Scales

, 116–117

Agriculture

, 8

Air Busan

, 179

AirBnB

, 168–169

Airport distance

, 164

Amenities

, 162

AMOS 22.0

, 73

Archaeological artifacts

, 48–49

Archaeological education

, 54

Archaeological museum

, 48–50, 52, 54

Art activities

, 178–179

Assertiveness

, 27

Atlas.ti (qualitative software)

, 29

Attitude

, 87, 97

Attitude–intention-behavior

, 95

gap

, 87

Attraction

, 116

Authentic tourist experience

, 105

Autobiographical memory

, 102, 105, 106, 107

classification of

, 102–103

Automated external defibrillator (AED)

, 53

Average variance extracted calculation (AVE calculation)

, 121

Balibo community

, 10

Balibo Fort Hotel (BFH)

, 10, 12, 16, 17

Balibo House Trust (BHT)

, 10, 17

Behavioral intention (BI)

, 89, 92, 94, 95

theory

, 86–87

Beneficiary

, 12, 180

Brand asset

exclusive brand assets

, 51

protection and authorization of development

, 51

Brand identification

, 47–51

brand orientation

, 50–51

core identification

, 49–50

strategic brand analysis

, 47–49

value claims

, 50

Brand leading model

, 46

Brand logos

, 45

Brand marketing

, 55

of museum

, 44–46

Brand marketing communications

, 47, 52–56

advertising activities

, 52

event marketing

, 52

online interaction

, 54

physical channels

, 52

public relations

, 53

strategic cooperation

, 54–56

visiting experience

, 53–54

Brand orientation

, 50–51

Brand value of museums, construction of

, 43

brand identification

, 47–51

brand rights and interests

, 51

clear orientation, goals, and brand identification

, 56

exclusive brand assets

, 51

expanding brand marketing through activities and media promotions

, 56

experiential activity propaganda

, 56–57

growth potential for large-scale intercity festivals

, 57

partnership with vendors to sell cultural products

, 57

research framework

, 46–47

study limitation

, 57–58

Branding marketing of museum

, 44, 45

Brazil

Brazilian federal government

, 176–177

social tourism practices in

, 176–177

Bureau International Tourism Social (BITS)

, 174–175

Capacity building

, 4–5, 8–9, 11–12, 15–17

Casino

, 86

CGV Movie Company

, 178–179

Chi-square model

, 71, 75

Chiayi International Band Music Festival (CIBF)

, 115–116

City population

, 165

Coalition

, 27, 28

Cognitive factors

, 64

Collaboration

, 5

Common method variance (CMV)

, 71

Community

leaders

, 14–15, 16

ownership

, 5

Community-based tourism (CBT)

, 4–5, 7–8, 10–11

Comparative fit index (CFI)

, 92, 121–122

Competitor analysis

, 48

Competitor-driven pricing

, 162–163

Complimentary breakfast

, 164

Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS)

, 118–119

Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)

, 70–71, 118–121, 136

Constrained model

, 75

Consumer

analysis

, 47–48

knowledge

, 149–150

learning

, 148–149, 157

Consumer Involvement Profile (CIP)

, 115

Contemporary travel experience research

, 101–102

Content, defined

, 105

Context, defined

, 105

Convenient sampling method

, 91

Convergent validity

, 136–137

Core identification

, 49–50

organization

, 50

personality

, 50

product

, 49–50

symbol

, 50

Corporate Social Responsibility

, 173–174, 177–178

Corruption

, 8

Cost of living

, 165

Cost-based pricing

, 162–163

Creativity

, 131–132

Critical driver

, 130

Critical factors

, 105

Cronbach’s alpha coefficients

, 70–71, 137

CSR activities

, 177–178, 179

Cuisines

, 152

Cultural relic displays

, 48–49

Culture

, 178–179

Customer contact

, 66, 79

Customer loyalty

, 129–130, 131

hypothesis

, 134–135

mediation effect of customer satisfaction

, 138–140

product innovation

, 131–132

research design

, 135

results

, 136–140

sampling procedure

, 135

service quality expectation

, 131

impact of service quality expectation on

, 132

social media as moderator

, 133–134

Customer orientation

, 63, 65, 70

relationships between grit and

, 67

relationships between job satisfaction/job performance and

, 67–68

Customer relationship

, 131

mediation effect of customer satisfaction between customer loyalty and

, 138–140

Customer relationship management (CRM)

, 130

Customer satisfaction

, 129–130, 131

Customer-driven pricing

, 162–163

Customer-oriented frontline employees

, 79

Degree of freedom

, 71

Demographics

, 30

Destination attractiveness

, 105–106

Destination attributes

, 147–148

Destination interest

, 151

measurement of level of

, 152

Destination knowledge

, 151

effect

, 156

measurements

, 152

Discriminant validity

, 137

Distractor task

, 151–152

Diverging expectations, matching

, 16–17

Diving. See Scuba diving

Economic models

, 45

Educational activities

, 46, 179

Emotional response

, 106

Emotional support

, 115

Empowering residents

, 85–86

Empowerment

, 34

Endorsement

, 88–89

Enjoyment dimension of customer orientation

, 65

Enrichment hypothesis

, 149–150

Entertainments

, 179–180

Entitled employees

, 23–24

characteristics of

, 35–36

management

, 25–26

Entitlement

, 23–24, 35, 37–38

rates

, 35

sources

, 36–38

Equity sensitivity

, 26

European Countries, social tourism practices in

, 175–176

European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS)

, 116–117

Event marketing

, 52

Exchange

, 27

tactics

, 27–28

Excitement

, 106–108

learning

, 108

novelty

, 107–108

Exclusive brand assets

, 51

Expectation-disconfirmation model

, 101–102

Expertise

, 149–150

Externally funded tourism projects

, 6

Face-to-face interviews

, 104

“Facial ceramic pot”

, 50

Familiarity

, 149–150

Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS)

, 162, 167

Financial companies

, 178–179

Flashbulb memories

, 106

Foreign aid

, 8

Forward-framing effect

, 149

Frontline employees

, 66–67, 78–79

behaviors

, 63

Gambling

, 86, 87–88, 92

attitude-intention-behavior

, 95

data collection and analysis

, 91

hypothesis

, 89–94, 96

methodology

, 88–91

model testing

, 91–94, 96

perceived behavioral control

, 93

purpose of study

, 87–88

research framework

, 88–89

sample characteristics

, 91

theory of planned behavior

, 94

Games

, 179

General Well-Being Schedule

, 116–117

Generalized Least Squares regression model (GLS regression model)

, 167

Generational differences

, 26

Generation Z

, 147

Globalization

, 129–130

Golfzone

, 179

Goodness-of-fit index (GFI)

, 92–93, 121–122

Grit

, 63–65, 70

customer orientation

, 65

employee’s potential intrinsic factors

, 77

estimates of structural model

, 76

implications

, 77–80

job performance

, 66–67

job satisfaction

, 65–66

limitations and future research

, 79–80

moderating role of organizational tenure

, 68–69

relationships between customer orientation and job satisfaction/job performance

, 67–68

relationships between grit and customer orientation/job satisfaction

, 67

relationships between job satisfaction and job performance

, 68

reliability and validity of measurement

, 70–72

research framework and hypotheses

, 67–69

research variables

, 70

sample characteristics

, 70

sampling

, 69–70

tests of hypotheses

, 74–76

tests of model fit indices

, 73

Hana Tour

, 179

Happiness

, 116–117, 124

effect of leisure involvement on

, 124

effect of social support on

, 124

Hedonic pricing model (HPM)

, 162

Hedonic pricing theory

, 162–163

Heteroscedasticity

, 167

High One Resort

, 179

Hospitality chains

, 31

Hospitality industry

characteristics of entitled employees

, 35–36

demographics and professional information

, 30

discussion and future research

, 39–40

entitled employee management

, 25–26

entitlement sources

, 36–38

influence and motivational tactics

, 26–28

management influence tactics

, 29–33

managerial challenges

, 38–39

methods

, 28–29

motivational tactics

, 33–34

validity and reliability

, 29

Host communities

, 7–8

Hotel capacity

, 164

Hotel choice

, 162

Hotel employees

, 61–62

intrinsic factors

, 63

Hotel guests

, 163

Hotel reputation

, 165

Hotel room prices in India

, 161, 163–169

data and summary statistics

, 165–167

estimation

, 167

hypothesis test results

, 169

regression model

, 165

impact of reputation

, 169

site factors

, 163–164, 167–168

situational factors

, 164–165, 168–169

Hotel room rents

, 165, 167, 168

Human behavior

, 86–87

Human capital

, 68–69

Human Development Index

, 8

Incremental innovation

, 131–132

Indices of General Affect and Well-Being

, 116–117

Individual’s behavioral intention

, 88–89

Influence tactics

, 26–28

Infrastructure

, 105

development of

, 86

support for

, 174–175

Ingratiation condition

, 27

Innovation

, 131–132

Interests

, 15

International Social Tourism Organization (ISTO)

, 174–175

Internship program

, 53

Intrinsic learning motivation

, 63

Inverted u hypothesis

, 149–150

Job performance

, 63, 66–67, 70

relationships between customer orientation and

, 67–68

relationships between job satisfaction and

, 68

Job satisfaction

, 63, 65–66, 70, 79

relationships between customer orientation and

, 67–68

relationships between grit and

, 67

relationships between job performance and

, 68

Job-related task

, 63–64

Johnson-Neyman method

, 140

Kenting

, 117–118

Kinmen, Taiwan

, 85

Korean Airline

, 179

Korean companies

, 177–178

Korean cultural perceptions

, 79–80

Leadership and tourism development in rural Southeast Asia

, 3

Learning

, 62–63, 108

Leisure activities

, 114

Leisure involvement

, 115–116, 122–123, 124

effect on happiness

, 124

effect of social support on

, 123–124

Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA)

, 116

Level of interest

, 150–151

Life satisfaction

, 116–117

Lifestyle centrality

, 116

Living cultures

, 152

Local tourism development, planning aspects for

, 18

Logarithmic regression model

, 165

Logistic regression

, 115–116

Long-term investigation

, 79–80

Long-term memory

, 148–149

Long-term orientation

, 62–63

Loyalty

, 129

Management influence tactics

, 29–33

Marketing communication

, 45–46, 147–148

Marketing strategies

, 44

for museum

, 44

Maximum likelihood estimates (MLE)

, 73

MBC Broadcasting Company

, 179

Media

, 179–180

mass

, 45–46

relations

, 53

See also Social media

Mega Box Movie Company

, 178–179

Memorable travel experiences

, 102, 103

data analysis

, 104–105

data collection

, 104

destination attractiveness

, 105–106

excitement

, 106–108

experiential dimensions

, 102–103

participants

, 103–104

research method

, 103–105

social interaction

, 105

travel experience

, 101–102

See also Social tourism; Travel destinations

Memory, defined

, 148–149

Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (MCST)

, 177–178

Ministry of Employment and Labor

, 177–178

Ministry of Gender Equality and Family

, 177–178

Ministry of Health and Welfare

, 177–178

Ministry of Justice

, 177–178

Ministry of National Defense

, 177–178

Ministry of Unification

, 177–178

Model fit indices

, 92–93

tests

, 73

Motivational tactics

, 26–28, 33–34

Museum

, 43, 55

allies

, 46

marketing

, 44, 45–46

publications

, 53

strategies for brand marketing

, 44–46

See also Brand value of museums, construction of

National Association of Underwater Instructors

, 118

Needs dimension of customer orientation

, 65

New product information learning

, 150–151

New product learning

, 149–150

New travel destination

, 148

NGOs’ role in tourism development

, 15–16

Non-cognitive factors

, 64

Non-vocational learning

, 106

Novelty

, 107–108

Olympus Ensemble

, 178–179

Olympus Korea

, 178–179

On-site observations

, 8–9

One-sample t-test

, 153

Online community

, 133–134

Online interaction

, 54

Operational skills

, 12

Ordinary least squares (OLS)

, 167

Organizational support

, 114

Organizational tenure

, 75, 77

moderating role of

, 68–69

Organizational tenure

, 77–78

Oxford Happiness Inventory

, 116

Oyo Rooms

, 168–169

Pakistani hospitality industry

, 129–130

Particular leisure activity

, 106

Partnership with vendors to sell cultural products

, 57

PBC

, 95–96

Perceived behavioral control

, 87, 89, 93

Personal Expressive Activity Questionnaire

, 117

Personal interview

, 104–106

Personal Involvement Inventory (PII)

, 115

Personality

, 50

Physical channels

, 52

Pilot test data

, 118–119

Positive advertising

, 149

Positive effect

, 116–117

Positive emotions

, 116

Power structure

, 12–14

Practical support

, 115

Pricing

, 162–163

Principal component analysis

, 115–116

Problem perceptions

, 15

Product innovation

, 131–132

Product interest level

, 150

Product-related knowledge

, 148

Professional Association of Diving Instructors (PADI)

, 118–119

Professional information

, 30

Promotional materials

, 157

Psychological contracts

, 23–24, 25

Psychological entitlement, consequences of

, 24

Psychological Well-Being Scale

, 117

Public awareness

, 44

Public relations

, 53

Purposive sampling method

, 118

Qualitative approach

, 103

Quantitative method

, 103

Quemoy. See Kinmen

Radical innovations

, 131–132

Rationality

, 27, 28, 31

Recognition

measurement of recognition test

, 152–153

memory

, 148–149, 150–151, 155, 156

Recreational purists

, 114

Reflexive practice

, 9

Regression model

, 165, 168

Reliability of employee

, 29

Renewed Tourism Policy

, 175

Repurchase intention

, 130

Reputation, impact of

, 169

Research site

, 10–11

Resources

, 15

Respondents

, 27

Revised Product Involvement Inventory (RPII)

, 115

Rewards

, 23–24, 25, 27, 28, 39

Root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)

, 92, 121–122

Rural tourism

, 4–6

Satisfaction with Life Scale

, 116–117

Scuba divers

, 118, 124

Scuba diving

, 113–114

coefficients for measurement model

, 120–121

conceptual framework and hypotheses of study

, 117

course curriculum

, 118

fit indices

, 122

grade naming system

, 118

happiness

, 116–117

leisure involvement

, 115–116

methods

, 117–121

profile of respondents

, 119

reliabilities and correlations of variables

, 122

results

, 121–124

social support

, 114–115

standardized direct, indirect, and total effects of hypothesized model

, 123

Scuba School International (SSI)

, 118

Self-analysis

, 48–49

Self-expression

, 116

Sense of entitlement

, 25

Sensory memory

, 148–149

Service commitment

, 130

Service marketers

, 132

Service quality

, 61–62, 130

expectation

, 131

impact on customer loyalty

, 132

total effect model

, 137

Short-term memory

, 148–149

Single-factor model

, 71

Situational interest

, 150

Sobel test

, 122–123

Social

capital

, 68–69

development

, 43

interaction

, 105

norms

, 37

status

, 37

Social media

, 45–46, 129–130

as moderator

, 133–134

Social support

, 114–115, 124

effect on happiness

, 124

effect on leisure involvement

, 123–124

Social tourism

, 173–174

culture and art activities

, 178–179

games

, 179

history

, 174–175

media and entertainments

, 179–180

practices in Brazil

, 176–177

practices in European Countries

, 175–176

practices in Korea

, 178–180

in South Korea

, 177–178

tours

, 179

Social Well-Being Scale

, 117

Societal pressures

, 88–89

South Korea, social tourism concepts in

, 177–178

Staff recruitment

, 11

Staff training

, 11–12

Stakeholder

, 15

managing challenges

, 7–8

Standard operational procedures (SOP)

, 11–12

Statistical analyses

, 153

Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS)

, 118, 153

Strategic brand analysis

, 46–49

brand’s core identification and value claim

, 49

competitor analysis

, 48

consumer analysis

, 47–48

self-analysis

, 48–49

Strategic cooperation

, 54–56

Structural equation modeling (SEM)

, 70–71, 91, 118, 121–122

test results of hypothesized

, 123

Subjective norm (SN)

, 87, 89, 92, 95

Swimming pool

, 164

T’way Airline

, 179

Taiwan Tourism Bureau

, 152

Technical Diving International (TDI)

, 118

Theme exhibitions

, 46

Theory of planned behavior (TPB)

, 86–87, 88–89, 91, 94

Timor Heritage Hotels (THH)

, 10, 11–12

Timor-Leste, capacity-building project in rural community in

, 4

diverging expectations, matching

, 16–17

literature review

, 4–8

management

, 12

methodology

, 8–12

narrative of tourism development

, 14–15

NGO’s role

, 15–16

operational skills

, 12

planning aspects for local tourism development

, 18

research site

, 10–11

staff recruitment

, 11

staff training

, 11–12

stakeholder, interests, problem perceptions, resources, and role

, 15

stakeholders’ challenges, management of

, 7–8

tourism in

, 8

village politics and power structure

, 12–14

Tourism for all (TFA)

, 175, 176

Tourist learning process

, 157

Tourist satisfaction

, 101–102

Tours/tourism

, 14–15, 85–86, 179

development

, 4, 14–15, 86

literature

, 101–102

in Timor-Leste

, 8

Tourism scholars

, 148

See also Social tourism

Traditional TPB model

, 89

Travel destinations

, 147–148

advertisement and consumer learning

, 148–149

ANOVA

, 154

consumer knowledge and new product learning

, 149–150

data analysis

, 153

implication, limitation, and future research

, 156–157

interaction effect on destination familiarity and interest

, 155

level of interest and new product information learning

, 150–151

means and standard deviations of recognition ratings

, 153

measurements

, 152–153

procedure

, 151–152

results

, 154–155

sample

, 151

stimuli

, 152

study design

, 151

See also Memorable travel experiences

Travel experience

, 101–102

Travel memory. See Memorable travel experiences

Triad-relationship of ATT-BI-AB

, 96

Triple-bottom-line concept

, 86, 87–88, 89

Trust

, 132

Two-way ANOVA test

, 153

UNWTO

, 5

Validity of employee

, 29

Value claims

, 50

Value-based pricing

, 162–163

Victorian State Government (Australia)

, 10

Village politics

, 12–14

Visiting experience

, 53–54

Visitors’ satisfaction

, 53

Water-based recreational activities

, 113–114

Welfare Policy

, 175

Work experience

, 68–69, 79

Work-related drivers

, 63

Work-related variables

, 62–63

Workplace entitlement, consequences of

, 24