Prelims

Half Title Page

HOW DO LEADERS MAKE DECISIONS?

Series Page

Contributions to

Conflict Management, Peace Economics and Development Volume 28 PART A

SERIES EDITOR

MANAS CHATTERJI

BOOKS IN THE SERIES

Military Missions and Their Implications Reconsidered: The Aftermath of September 11th, edited by G. Caforio and G. Kümmel

Managing Conflict in Economic Convergence of Regions in Greater Europe, by F. Carluer

Cultural Differences between the Military and Parent Society in Democratic Countries, edited by G. Caforio

Conflict and Peace in South Asia, edited by M. Chatterji and B. M. Jain

War, Peace, and Security, edited by J. Fontanel and M. Chatterji

Armed Forces and Conflict Resolution, edited by G. Caforio, G. Kümmel and B. Purkayastha

Regional Development and Conflict Management: A Case for Brazil, by R. Bar-El

Crisis, Complexity and Conflict, by I. J. Azis

Putting Teeth in the Tiger: Improving the Effectiveness of Arms Embargoes, edited by M. Brzoska and G. A. Lopez

Peace Science: Theory and Cases, by P. Gangopadhyay and M. Chatterji

Advances in Military Sociology: Essays in Honor of Charles C. Moskos (Two Volume Set), edited by Giuseppe Caforio

Arms and Conflict in the Middle East, by Riad A. Attar

Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal, and Political Perspectives, edited by Benjamin E. Goldsmith and Jurgen Brauer

Conflict, Complexity and Mathematical Social Science, by Gordon Burt

Frontiers of Peace Economics and Peace Science, edited by Manas Chatterji, Chen Bo and Rameshwar Misra

Ethnic Conflict, Civil War and Cost of Conflict, edited by Raul Caruso

Governance, Development and Conflict, edited by Manas Chatterji, Darvesh Gopal and Savita Singh

New Wars, New Militaries, New Soldiers? Conflicts, the Armed Forces and the Soldierly Subject, edited by Gerhard Kümmel and Joseph Soeters

Cooperation for a Peaceful and Sustainable World, Part 1, edited by Chen Bo, Manas Chatterji and Hao Chaoyan

Cooperation for a Peaceful and Sustainable World, Part 2, edited by Li Junsheng, Chen Bo and Hou Na

Nuclear Disarmament: Regional Perspectives on Progress, edited by P. M. Kamath

Understanding Terrorism: A Socio-economic Perspective, edited by: Raul Caruso, Andrea Locatelli

The Evolving Boundaries of Defence: An assessment of recent shifts in defence activities, edited by Renaud Bellais

Business, Ethics and Peace, edited by Luk Bouckaert & Manas Chatterji

Emotions, Decision-Making, Conflict and Cooperation, edited by Urs Luterbacher

Integral Ecology and Sustainable Business, edited by Ove Jakobsen and Laszlo Zsolnai

Disarmament Peace and Development, edited by Reiner Braun, Colin Archer, Ingeborg Breines, Manas Chatterji and Amela Skiljan

Title Page

Contributions to

Conflict Management, Peace Economics and Development Volume 28 PART A

HOW DO LEADERS MAKE DECISIONS? EVIDENCE FROM THE EAST AND WEST, PART A

EDITED BY

ALEX MINTZ

IDC Herzliya, Israel

DMITRY (DIMA) ADAMSKY

IDC Herzliya, Israel

United Kingdom – North America – Japan – India – Malaysia – China

Copyright Page

Emerald Publishing Limited

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First edition 2019

Copyright © 2019 Emerald Publishing Limited

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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-78743-394-6 (Print)

ISBN: 978-1-78743-393-9 (Online)

ISBN: 978-1-78743-462-2 (EPub)

ISSN: 1572-8323

About the Editors

Alex Mintz (PhD, Northwestern University) is Provost of IDC Herzliya. He previously served as Dean of the Lauder School of Government, Diplomacy and Strategy at IDC, as Director of the Institute for Policy and Strategy (IPS), as director of the annual Herzliya Conference Series, as President of the Foreign Policy Analysis section of the ISA, and together with five Nobel Laureates, as a board member of the Center for Conflict Management and Prevention in Sydney, Australia. Professor Mintz was editor-in-chief of Political Psychology for five years and serves on the editorial boards of several other leading journals. He has received numerous awards and accolades, including the 2005 Distinguished Scholar Award given by the Foreign Policy Analysis Section of the International Studies Association (ISA) and the ISA Karl Deutsch Award for the most important contribution to the scientific study of International Relations by a scholar under the age of forty. Mintz’s most recent book, The Polythink Syndrome: U.S. Foreign Policy Decisions on 9/11, Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Iran and ISIS, won the 2017 Alexander George Best Book Award from the International Society of Political Psychology (ISPP). He has published ten other books and edited volumes, as well as numerous articles in top journals, the American Political Science Review, the American Journal of Political Science, International Studies Quarterly, the American Journal of Sociology, Political Psychology and the Journal of Conflict Resolution.

Dmitry (Dima) Adamsky is an Associate Professor at the Lauder School of Government, Diplomacy and Strategy at the IDC Herzliya, and is a Head of the BA Honors Track in Strategy and Decision-making. Prior to joining the school in 2010, he was a pre- and post-doctoral fellow at Harvard University, a visiting fellow at the Institute of War and Peace Studies, Columbia University, and a visiting fellow at the Norwegian Institute for Defense Studies. In addition to his academic career, Dr. Adamsky has held positions in the Israeli Ministry of Defense and the IDF, where he has carried out intelligence analysis and strategic policy planning. In the latter capacity, he served as assistant secretary of the committee charged with formulating Israel’s national security concept. He has published on international security, strategic studies, cultural approaches to IR, modern military thought, nuclear strategy, and American, Russian and Israeli national security policy in Foreign Affairs, the Journal of Strategic Studies, Intelligence and National Security, Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, the Journal of Cold War History, and Defense and Security Studies. He has also contributed numerous chapters to edited volumes and encyclopedias on modern military and international history. His books Operation Kavkaz and The Culture of Military Innovation earned the annual prizes for the best academic works on Israeli security in 2006 and 2012.

List of Contributors

Foreword

The articles in this book discuss the leadership style of some major political leaders in recent times. In the next volume, some other leaders will be included. There are a number of publications on leadership characteristics of US presidents and other political leaders. This is the first book that systematically uses an analytical method (namely, Applied Decision Analysis) to better understand the leadership patterns of some political leaders. In business management, leadership is an important subject and a vast literature exists in the area of leadership of business executives. These studies also discuss the style not only for the business as a whole, but also in relation to multi-level structure within it.

In politics, leadership is very important not only for intrastate disputes, but also for interstate conflicts. In many situations, this dual nature of conflict is related. Also, a leader has to work within the framework of a team or a political party. The theory of leadership in politics is quite complex. A very important subject in leadership theory is Transformational Leadership which deals with changes instituted by the leader in the vision, mission, and goals of the organization. This idea of transformational leadership is ingrained in the mission for social and religious leaders such as Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr, Nelson Mandela, etc.

A political leader’s attitude depends on cultural complex. This dependence is due to cultural ecology and environment. This may also depend on social organization and cultural biology of the leader. The leader will be influenced by psychological, sociological, and cognitive factors. A political leader’s attitude is a part of group behaviour. The decision-making of the political leader depends on Image, Script, and Schema. These factors also affect the strategy of the leader in negotiation process. This may be acquired as a result of a learning process. The nature of a decision also depends on the stress and crisis situation. Although this book covers some of the most important leaders of our time, the list is not complete. Volume B analyzes other leaders.

Manas Chatterji

Binghamton University - State University of New York, USA

Acknowledgement

The authors thank Leehe Friedman and Eldad Tal-Shir for their research assistance. Most chapters in these volumes have been written in Professor Alex Mintz’s Workshop in Decision Making, offered at the IDC Honors Program in Strategy and Decision Making.