Index
Marginalized Mothers, Mothering from the Margins
ISBN: 978-1-78756-400-8, eISBN: 978-1-78756-399-5
ISSN: 1529-2126
Publication date: 15 November 2018
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2018), "Index", Taylor, T. and Bloch, K. (Ed.) Marginalized Mothers, Mothering from the Margins (Advances in Gender Research, Vol. 25), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 273-281. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1529-212620180000025021
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2018 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
“Abstinence-only-until marriage” programs
, 262
Activism
, 230, 246, 248–250
Activist mothers/mothering
, 246, 247, 256–257, 267–269
ie>demands for justice or emotive calls
, 253–254
ie>strategies
, 6
Adolescent pregnancy
, 43–44, 48, 51, 262
ie>policies
, 263
Adolescent sexuality
, 262
Advocacy
, 221–223
Affluent, married mothers of color and child-centric support systems
, 183–185
African context, motherhood in
, 144–145
Age in intersectional analyses of state
, 263
Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC)
, 260
American Association for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD)
, 77
American citizenship
, 98
American self-reliance
, 237
Anchor babies
, 92, 95–96, 98–99, 266
Anti-Chinese sentiments
, 94
Anti-immigrant groups
, 96
Archetypal female Bodhisattvas
, 144
Archetypal White, middle-class nuclear family
, 144
Asian Americans
, 95
Asian femininity
, 95
Aspirations
, 63–66
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
, 63, 80
Austerity discourse
, 264–266
Autism
, 62
Bad Black mother
, (see Matriarch)
Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother (Chua)
, 103
Beyond Entitlement (Mead)
, 14
“Birth tourism”
, 93
Birthright citizenship
, 92
Black Americans
, 223
Black community
, 85
Black families
, 223
Black feminist
, (see also Feminist)
ie>theorists
, 247
ie>theory
, 250
Black homeschooling mothers
, 215
Black households
, 223
“Black Lives Matter”
, 251
Black milk sharers
, 231
Black mothers/mothering
, 246, 247
Black single mothers
, 14
Blue Chip Black
, 225
“Blue-collar American”
, 100
Bolsa Família
, 50
Brazilian concept of good mothering
, 42
Breadwinning as mothering
, 127, 133–134, 148–149, 198–199
Breastfeeding
, 27
Breastmilk sharing
, 230
ie>counter discourses
, 234–241
ie>milk sharing and risk narratives
, 231–232
Bucket-brigade-style co-operative of milk sharers
, 238
CalWORKs program
, 12, 19
“Capacity to care”
, 27
Capitalizing capital
, 21–22
Care for children
, 166–169
Caregivers
, 143, 230
Carework strategies
, 196
ie>culture of work enforcement
, 199
ie>discourses of motherhood
, 197–199
ie>protecting children
, 204–207
ie>securing resources
, 207–208
ie>structuring employment and non-employment
, 202–204
ie>timing out
, 197
Cerebral palsy
, 62
“Chav mum”
, 28
Child disability, employment and education of
, 60–61
Child mental health disabilities
, 60
Child Protective Services (CPS)
, 68, 205
Child-centric support
, 185–187
Childcare
, 58–62, 65, 66, 112, 118, 121, 122, 132, 137, 143, 145–147, 150–153, 167, 170, 171, 180, 186, 189
Children
, 92
ie>constructed as legal loopholes and anchor babies
, 98–99
ie>protection
, 204–207
ie>transnational mothers’ relationship with
, 133–134
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)
, 94, 102
Chinese maternity tourists/tourism
, 93, 98
ie>children constructed as legal loopholes and anchor babies
, 98–99
ie>digital birth of “anchor babies”
, 95–96
ie>era of exclusion
, 94–95
ie>maternity tourism or birth tourism
, 93
ie>racialized anxieties or racialized conditional acceptance
, 101–103
ie>relational sympathies
, 99–101
Citing Page Act (1875)
, 94
City of New York Youth Division
, 262
Civil Rights movement
, 94
Class-based othering practices
, 28
Client–caseworker interactions
, 116–117
Collective action
, 267–269
Communal mothering
, 241
Community
ie>care
, 240–241
ie>community-based childcare systems
, 145
ie>networks
, 146–147
Community Action Programs
, 267
Compensating amenities
, 202
Conceptual diversification of mothering
, 158
“Concerted cultivation” approach
, 178, 179
Constant comparative method
, 77
Contextualising family life in South Africa
, 144
Controlling images
, 216
ie>overcoming
, 218–220
Counter discourses
, 234
ie>community care
, 240–241
ie>crunchy milk sharing
, 234–235
ie>legacy reclamation
, 238–239
ie>mutual trust
, 235–237
ie>self-reliance
, 237–238
ie>spiritual embodiment
, 239–240
Counter-frames
, 216
Courtesy stigma
, 74, 75, 85
Covert resistance
, 200
Criticism
, 131–132, 143
“Crunchiness”
, 232, 235
Crunchy milk sharing
, 234–235
Cultural capital
, 21
Cultural imperatives of good mothering
, 43
Cumulative disadvantage
, 69–70
Customary Marriages Act
, 144–145
Dallas Morning News, The
, 246, 249
Data analysis
, 63
“Dear Mama:Extended Children Letters” project
, 252
Decision-making process
, 119
Developmental disabilities (DD)
, 4, 74, 77
Digital birth of “anchor babies”
, 95–96
Disability
, 4, 50, 58–59, 60–62, 74–76, 208
Disability-based stigmatization
, 74
Discourses of motherhood
, 197–199
Distance parenting
, 142
Distress
, 80
“Domestic goddess”
, 27
Domestic violence
, 120
Dominant western model
, 42
Down syndrome
, 62, 79
Economic
ie>migrants
, 128
ie>mobility
, 59
ie>necessity
, 148–149
ie>precarious families
, 51
ie>spectrum
, 58
ie>survival strategies
, 117–118
Economic survival strategies
ie>data sources, coding, and analysis
, 114–115
ie>low-income urban mothers
, 109
ie>Mexican-immigrant low-income mothers
, 108
ie>migration and welfare reconstruct gender expectations
, 117–118
ie>oppression
, 110
ie>United States–Mexico immigration systems and power relations
, 115–116
ie>welfare system and power relations in client–caseworker interactions
, 116–117
ie>women, men, and United States–Mexico immigration and welfare systems
, 111–112
Education
, 65–66
ie>aspirations
, 64–65
ie>of parents and child disability
, 60–61
Emotional labor
, 143
Employment of parents and child disability
, 60–61
Empowerment, homeschooling as
, 223–225
English mothers
, 267
ESRC-funded study
, 160
Ethnographers
, 232
Ethnographic/ethnography
, 16, 21, 26, 62, 108, 114
ie>within-group analysis
, 108
Everyday resistance
, 199–200
Family comorbidity
, 58–59, 61–62, 69–70
“Family ethic”
, 260
Federation of American Immigration Reform
, 95–96
Femininities
, 26
Feminist
, (see also Black feminist), 110
ie>approach
, 160
ie>gender theory
, 109
ie>narrative approaches
, 158
ie>scholarship
, 110
“Folk devils”
, 29
Fort Worth Star-Telegram
, 246, 249, 255
Fourteenth Amendment of US Constitution
, 92
“Freezer stashes”
, 237
Gender discourse
, 108
“Gender performance”
, 110
Gendered work
, 221–223
General Educational Development (GED)
, 63
Gift-giving
, 266
Good mothering
, 159, 161, 180, 231
ie>in Europe
, 135–136
Grounded theory analysis of data
, 183
Groupe antiraciste d’Accompagnement et de Défense des Étrangers et Migrants (GADEM)
, 126
Hardship, contours of
, 197
Health behaviors
, 27
Hegemonic motherhood
, 2
Higher education
, 15
Homeschoolers
, 215
Homeschooling
, 214, 268
ie>challenge and resolution
, 218–225
ie>community
, 214
ie>as empowerment
, 223–225
ie>gendered work and advocacy
, 221–223
ie>ideal family type and controlling images
, 216
ie>mothers
, 218
ie>overcoming controlling images
, 218–220
ie>single mothers
, 220–221
ie>systemic gendered racism and intersectionality
, 216
ie>theoretical framework
, 215–216
Honesty as best policy
, 161–162
Human Milk Banking Association of North America (HMBANA)
, 230
Ideal family type
, 216
Immigrants
, 64, 92, 126, 138
Immigration policy
, 266
Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA)
, 116
Imprisonment
, 158, 162–163
Inability to fulfill role of mothers in Morocco
, 134–135
Individualized Education Plan (IEP)
, 206
Inequality in educational attainment
, 59
Information-sharing meetings
, 160
Institutional Review Board (IRB)
, 232
Intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD)
, 74
Intellectual disabilities
, 77
Intensive mothering
, 43, 46, 143, 146, 197–198, 230
Intergenerational aspirations
, 65
Intergenerational poverty
, 43
Intersectionality
, 2–3, 74, 76, 109, 110, 216
Keynesian economic approach
, 260
Labour Relations Act
, 145–146
Laissez-faire approach
, 179
Latina/Hispanic mothers
, 108
Legacy reclamation
, 238–239
Less-privileged mothering
, 185–187
LGBTQ community
, 85, 236
Liquid gold
, 240
Losing Ground (Murray)
, 14
Low-income adolescent mothers
, 44
ie>adolescent pregnancy
, 43–44
ie>aspirations and expectations for future
, 47–51
ie>economic circumstances
, 42–43
ie>maternal identity
, 45–47
Low-income families
, 59
Low-income immigrant mothers
, 108
Low-income mothers
, 198
ie>aspirations
, 63–66
ie>barriers to mobility
, 66–69
ie>employment and education of parents
, 60–61
ie>family comorbidity
, 58–59
ie>maternal health, family comorbidity, and cumulative disadvantage
, 69–70
ie>mother’s health and comorbidity
, 61–62
ie>socioeconomic mobility
, 59–60
ie>socioeconomic mobility aspirations
, 60
Low-income Welsh mothers
, 262
Low-income women juggle
, 12
Low-paying jobs
, 197
Mama’s Village (MV)
, 188
Marginalization
, 75–76, 85, 214, 216, 264–266
ie>experiences of
, 80–82
ie>intersections of
, 82–84
ie>of mothers
, 2–3, 85
Marginalized identities
, 76, 84
Marginalized mothering in college
, 15–16
Marginalized mothers
, 178
ie>affluent, married mothers of color and child-centric support
, 183–185
ie>challenging racial and maternal ideologies
, 187–190
ie>contemporary society
, 27–28
ie>in-depth interview participant demographics
, 182
ie>less-privileged mothering
, 185–187
ie>othering
, 30–31
ie>parenthood accentuates
, 26–27
ie>policing from professionals
, 31–34
ie>policing from publics
, 34–36
ie>studies
, 28–30
Marginalized Mothers, Mothering From the Margins
, 259
Marginalizing mothers through biopower of state and social institutions
, 261–264
“Masculine worker-citizen”
, 199
Masculinities
, 26
Maternal
ie>employment
, 198
ie>health
, 69–70
ie>identity
, 45–47
ie>moral transformations
, 42
ie>support
, 178, 179
Maternity hotels
, 93
Maternity tourism
, 93
Matriarch
, 219
“Maximum feasible participation”
, 268
Media coverage
, 254–256
Mental health problems
, 63
Mexican-immigrant low-income mothers
, 108
Mexican-immigrant mothers
, 4
Middle-class Black groups
, 225
Middleclass mothers
, 198
Migrant nannies
, 142
Migration and welfare reconstruct gender expectations
, 117–118
Milk banks
, (see also Nonprofit breastmilk banks), 231, 232, 235–236
Milk collectives
, 232
Milk sharers
, 234, 235, 238
ie>Black milk sharers
, 231, 241–242
ie>Latinx milk sharers
, 242
ie>Middle-class White milk sharers
, 241
ie>White milk sharers
, 6, 242
Milk sharing
, 231–232, 235
Mobility, barriers to
, 66–69
“Moral panics”
, 29, 43
“Moral reform”
, 42
Moral transformation
, 42
Mother and baby units
, 29, 31–32, 167
Mother-centric support
, 268
Mother’s health and comorbidity
, 61–62
Mother–child relationship
, 151–152
Motherhood
, (see also Parental experience with DD children), 26, 27, 42, 48–49, 142, 158, 159, 230, 231
ie>in African context
, 144–145
ie>discourses of
, 197–199
ie>expectations
, 127
ie>and mothering
, 142–143
Mothering
, (see also Parental experience with DD children), 2, 158, 159, 259
ie>community
, 247
ie>marginalizing mothers through biopower of state and social institutions
, 261–264
ie>mothering while studying
, 17–19
ie>nannies making sense of
, 145–147
ie>post-liberalization, austerity discourse, and marginalization
, 264–266
ie>resistance, collective action, and activist mothering
, 267–269
ie>shifting role of state
, 260–261
ie>theorizing about motherhood and
, 142–143
ie>uniqueness of
, 164
ie>welfare reform and assumptions on
, 13–14
Mothers
, (see also Nannies as mothers; Parental experience of mothers; Prison, mothers in), 230
ie>of color
, 178, 180
ie>responding to criticism
, 131–132
Mothers Against Illegal Aliens
, 95–96
Mothers Against Police Brutality (MAPB)
, 246, 248
ie>media coverage
, 254–256
ie>website
, 249–254
Mothers Helping Mothers (MHM)
, 178, 187
Multimodal techniques
, 30
Mutual trust
, 235–237
Nannies as mothers
, (see also Parental experience of mothers)
ie>contextualising family life in South Africa
, 144
ie>economic necessity
, 148–149
ie>motherhood in African context
, 144–145
ie>nannies making sense of mothering
, 145–147
ie>negotiating care of “other people’s children”
, 150–152
ie>reconceptualising motherhood–complexities of distance
, 149–150
ie>theorizing about motherhood and mothering
, 142–143
National Offender Management Service (NOMS)
, 158
Native Labour Relations Act
, 145–146
Natural mothering
, 234–235
Negotiating care of “other people’s children”
, 150–152
Neo-liberalism
, 260
ie>structural adjustment policies
, 265
New Deal programs
, 260
Non-citizen reproduction
, 94
Non-disclosures
, 161–163
Non-employment
, 202–204
Nonprofit breastmilk banks
, 230
Not Our Kind of Girl (Kaplan)
, 14
“Nurtured growth” strategy
, 178
ie>lower income mothers
, 185–187
Oppression
, 2–3, 74, 110–112, 215–216
Oshun
, 239
“Otherhood”
, 28
Othering
, 28, 30–31
“Othermothering”
, 247
Othermothers
, 143, 186
Parental empowerment
, 223
Parental experience of mothers
, (see also Mothering), 86
ie>children with DD/IDD
, 86
ie>DD
, 84–85
ie>disability
, 74
ie>experiences of marginalization
, 80–82
ie>family impact
, 77–80
ie>intersections of marginalization
, 82–84
ie>with multiple marginalized identities
, 85–86
Parenthood accentuates
, 26–27
“Parenting White”
, 178, 187–190
Parents/parenting
, 12
ie>distance
, 142
ie>employment and education of
, 60–61
Paternal care
, 169
Paternalism
, 3
Pediatrics
, 231
Peer-based support group (PSG)
, 180
Personal responsibility
, 14
Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA)
, 13, 95, 116, 196
Personal Responsibility Work Opportunity
, 260
Perverse anti-citizen
, 96
Photoelicitation
, 29, 30
Pimping the Welfare System (Woodward)
, 22
Policing
, 248
ie>from professionals
, 31–34
ie>from publics
, 34–36
Political lobbying communities
, 223
Poor mothers
, 109, 111
poor women do gender in romantic unions
, 118–119
poor women undo patriarchy and undo/redo gender
, 120–121
poor women undo patriarchy only to redo gender
, 119–120
Post-liberalism
, 261
Post-liberalization
, 264–266
Poverty
, 15, 23, 268
Pragmatic needs barriers
, 66
Primacy of child
, 46
Prison, mothers in
, 158
ie>care for children
, 166–167
ie>difficult disclosures
, 161
ie>double-edged sword
, 163
ie>honesty as best policy
, 161–162
ie>maintaining contact
, 164
ie>managing care
, 167–168
ie>managing contact
, 164–165
ie>managing relationships
, 168–169
ie>secrecy in best interests of child
, 162–163
ie>storying mothering and imprisonment
, 159–160
ie>studies
, 160
ie>suspending contact
, 165–166
Prison Reform Trust
, 158
Prisons
, 264
Private behaviors
, 36
Professionals, policing from
, 31–34
Psychic unity
, 239
Public
ie>policies
, 86
ie>policing from
, 34–36
Racialized anxieties
, 101–103
“Racialized conditional acceptance”
, 94, 101–103
Racism
, 247, 248, 254, 259–260
Reciprocally constructing phenomena
, 85
Recognition of Customary Marriages Act
, 144–145
Reconceptualising motherhood–complexities of distance
, 149–150
Reconciliation Act
, 260
Relational sympathies
, 99–101
“Relations of ruling”
, 259–260
Relationship and social liabilities
, 67
Reproductive control technologies
, 261–262
Reproductive labor
, 126
Resilience
, 80, 267–269
Risk
, 230–232
Ruling relations
, 202
San Diego County Health and Human Services Agency (SDCHHSA)
, 200
Scholarship on birthright citizenship
, 93
Secrecy in best interests of child
, 162–163
Sectoral Determination 7 (SD7)
, 145–146
Securing resources
, 207–208
Self-affirming
ie>mothering
, 178
ie>practices
, 187–190
Self-fulfilling prophecy
, 33
Self-initiated participant (SIP)
, 21
Self-reliance
, 237–238
Self-sacrifice
, 46
Sensory processing disorder (SPD)
, 79
Sexism
, 259–260
Shadow mothers
, 143
Single mothers
, 22, 185–186, 188–189, 220–221
ie>Black single mothers
, 14, 85, 179, 209
ie>diversity
, 16
ie>families
, 61
ie>low-income
, 23, 191–192
Smoking during pregnancy
, 35
Social capital
, 21
Social constructionist arguments
, 110
Social science research
, 14
Social Security Act (1935)
, 196
Social stigma
, 268
Societal factors
, 142
Socio-emotional barriers
, 68
Socioeconomic mobility
ie>aspirations of low-income mothers
, 60
ie>with low-income families
, 59–60
South Africa, contextualising family life in
, 144
Southern African Development Community region (SADC region)
, 147
“Spatial folk devils”
, 29
Spina binifida
, 62
Spiritual embodiment
, 239–240
Stay-and-play provision
, 33
Stratified reproduction
, 198, 230
Structuring employment
, 202–204
Sub-Saharan African transnational mothers
ie>“good” mom in Europe
, 135–136
ie>inability to fulfill role of mothers in Morocco
, 134–135
ie>mothers responding to criticism
, 131–132
ie>Sub-Saharan Africans in Morocco
, 128–129
ie>transnational mothers’ relationship with children
, 133–134
ie>underemployment and effects on transnational children
, 132–133
Surveillance
, 3–4, 28–29, 31, 33, 120, 231, 242, 262–264
“Symbolic annihilation”
, 268
Systemic gendered racism
, 216
Teen mothering
Teen mothers/mothering
, 46, 52
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)
, 13, 15, 62, 113, 196, 200, 203, 260
Three-City Study (TCS)
, 4, 59
ie>ethnography
, 108, 113
ie>participants
, 112
Time limits
, 13, 116, 196, 260, 269
Timing out
, 196, 197, 201
Traditional gender norms
, 61
Transit migrants
, 126, 128
Transnational children
, 132–133
Transnational mothers
, 126–127, 131
Transnational mothers’ relationship with children
, 133–134
U.S. v. Wong Kim Ark case
, 92
Unchecked health issues
, 61
Underemployment and effects on transnational children
, 132–133
Uniqueness of mothering
, 164
United States–Mexico immigration system
, 108
ie>and power relations in romantic unions
, 115–116
ie>and welfare systems
, 111–112
Upward socioeconomic mobility
, 58, 63, 67
US homeschooled population
, 215
US welfare system
, 13
Valerie’s online community
, 235
Vigilantes
, 76, 85
Visual ethnographic methods
, 4
Wales Institute of Social & Economic Research, Data & Methods (WISERD)
, 37
War on Poverty Community Action Program
, 267
“We must summon the courage”
, 253
Welfare
, 17
ie>reconstruct gender expectations
, 117–118
ie>reform policy
, 112
ie>system and power relations
, 116–117
Welfare mother
, (see also Parental experience of mothers), 13, 14, 198
ie>capitalizing capital
, 21–22
ie>low-income women juggle
, 12
ie>marginalized mothering in college
, 15–16
ie>mothering while studying
, 17–19
ie>negotiating identities
, 16–17
ie>reliance necessitates compliance
, 19–21
ie>welfare reform and assumptions on mothering
, 13–14
“Welfare queen” caricature
, 14
Welfare Reform
, (see Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA))
Welsh low-income locales, marginalized mothers in
, 26–34
“Welsh Mam”
, 27
Western hyper-sexualization of breast
, 27
Women, Infants, and Children program (WIC program)
, 112
Work
ie>and career aspirations
, 63–64
ie>enforcement culture
, 199
ie>work-related stress
, 61
“Work Plan” ideology
, 199
Working-class women
, 28
Xenophobia
, 259–260, 266
Yellow Peril
, 94
ie>and model minority
, 101–103
Yoruba African Traditional religion
, 239
- Prelims
- Introduction: Bringing Marginalized Mothers to the Center
- Part 1 Barriers that Marginalize Mothers
- Chapter 1 Pride and Hope, Shame and Blame: How Welfare Mothers in Higher Education Juggle Competing Identities
- Chapter 2 “Watching What I’m Doing, Watching How I’m doing It”: Exploring the Everyday Experiences of Surveillance and Silenced Voices Among Marginalized Mothers in Welsh Low-Income Locales
- Chapter 3 Mothering, Identity Construction, and Visions of the Future Among Low-Income Adolescent Mothers from São Paulo, Brazil
- Chapter 4 Between a Rock and a Hard Place: SocioEconomic (IM)Mobility Among Low-Income Mothers of Children with Disabilities
- Chapter 5 The Parental Experience of Mothers with Children Who Have Developmental Disabilities: Qualitative Reflections On Marginalization and Resiliency
- Part 2 Borders that Marginalize Mothers
- Chapter 6 Chinese Maternity Tourists and Their “Anchor Babies”? Disdain and Racialized Conditional Acceptance of Non-Citizen Reproduction
- Chapter 7 Negotiating Gender and Power: How Some Poor Mothers Employ Economic Survival Strategies After Welfare Reform
- Chapter 8 “I’m Not a Good Mother Now, But I Will be in the Future:” Sub-Saharan African Transnational Mothers in a Transit Migrant Country
- Chapter 9 Between and Betwixt – Positioning Nannies as Mothers: Perspectives from Durban, South Africa
- Chapter 10 Disrupted Mothering: Narratives of Mothers in Prison
- Part 3 Mothering as Resistance to Marginalization
- Chapter 11 “Parenting Like a White Person”: Race and Maternal Support among Marginalized Mothers
- Chapter 12 Carework Strategies and Everyday Resistance among Mothers Who Have Timed-Out of Welfare
- Chapter 13 Exploring Black Women’s Homeschooling Experiences at the Intersections of Race, Gender, and Class
- Chapter 14 Breastmilk Sharing at the Intersections of Race and Risk
- Chapter 15 “We Must Summon the Courage”: Black Activist Mothering Against Police Brutality
- Continuity and Change: Mothering in an era of post-liberalization
- Index