Prelims

Methods of Criminology and Criminal Justice Research

ISBN: 978-1-78769-866-6, eISBN: 978-1-78769-865-9

ISSN: 1521-6136

Publication date: 26 August 2019

Citation

(2019), "Prelims", Deflem, M. and Silva, D.M.D. (Ed.) Methods of Criminology and Criminal Justice Research (Sociology of Crime, Law and Deviance, Vol. 24), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. i-xi. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1521-613620190000024017

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2019 Emerald Publishing Limited


Half Title

Methods of Criminology and Criminal Justice Research

Series Page

SOCIOLOGY OF CRIME, LAW AND DEVIANCE

Series Editors: Mathieu Deflem and Derek M.D. Silva

Previous Volumes:

Volumes 1-5: Jeffrey T. Ulmer
Volume 6: Ethnographies of Law and Social Control, edited by Stacey Lee Burns, 2005
Volume 7: Sociological Theory and Criminological Research, Views from Europe and United States, edited by Mathieu Deflem, 2006
Volume 8: Police Occupational Culture: New Debates and Directions, edited by Megan O’Neill, Monique Marks and Anne-Marie Singh, 2007
Volume 9: Crime and Human Rights, edited by Stephan Paramentier and Elmar Weitekamp, 2007
Volume 10: Surveillance and Governance: Crime Control and Beyond, edited by Mathieu Deflem, 2008
Volume 11: Restorative Justice: From Theory to Practice, edited by Holly Ventura Miller, 2008
Volume 12: Access to Justice, edited by Rebecca Sandefur, 2009
Volume 13: Immigration, Crime and Justice, edited by William F. McDonald, 2009
Volume 14: Popular Culture, Crime and Social Control, edited by Mathieu Deflem, 2010
Volume 15: Social Control: Informal, Legal and Medical, edited by James J. Chriss, 2010
Volume 16: Economic Crisis and Crime, edited by Mathieu Deflem, 2011
Volume 17: Disasters, Hazards and Law, edited by Mathieu Deflem, 2012
Volume 18: Music and Law, edited by Mathieu Deflem, 2013
Volume 19: Punishment and Incarceration: A Global Perspective, edited by Mathieu Deflem, 2013
Volume 20: Terrorism and Counterterrorism Today, edited by Mathieu Deflem, 2015
Volume 21: The Politics of Policing: Between Force and Legitimacy, edited by Mathieu Deflem, 2016
Volume 22: Race, Ethnicity and Law, edited by Mathieu Deflem, 2017
Volume 23: Homicide and Violent Crime, edited by Mathieu Deflem, 2018

Title Page

SOCIOLOGY OF CRIME, LAW AND DEVIANCE VOLUME 24

METHODS OF CRIMINOLOGY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE RESEARCH

EDITED BY

MATHIEU DEFLEM

University of South Carolina, USA

and

DEREK M.D. SILVA

King’s University College, Canada

United Kingdom – North America – Japan India – Malaysia – China

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Emerald Publishing Limited

Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley BD16 1WA , UK

First edition 2019

Copyright © 2019 Emerald Publishing Limited

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ISBN: 978-1-78769-866-6 (Print)

ISBN: 978-1-78769-865-9 (Online)

ISBN: 978-1-78769-867-3 (Epub)

ISSN: 1521-6136 (Series)

Contents

List of Figures and Tables vii
About the Contributors ix
Introduction: Measuring Crime and Criminal Justice
Mathieu Deflem and Derek M.D. Silva 1
PART I General Patterns and Trends
Chapter 1 Is Crime Rising or Falling? A Comparison of Police-Recorded Crime and Victimization Surveys
Barak Ariel and Matthew Bland 7
Chapter 2 Using Freedom of Information Requests in Socio-legal Studies, Criminal Justice Studies, and Criminology
Kevin Walby and Alex Luscombe 33
Chapter 3 Criminal Group Dynamics and Network Methods
Marie Ouellet and Sadaf Hashimi 47
PART II Special Groups and Problems
Chapter 4 Innovative Methods of Gathering Survey Data on Violence Against Women
Walter S. Dekeseredy 69
Chapter 5 Methods of Male Sex Work Research: Recommendations and Future Research Opportunities
Navin Kumar 85
Chapter 6 Employing Mixed Methods: The Case of Elder Financial Exploitation
Julie Brancale and Thomas G. Blomberg 101
Chapter 7 Perceptions of School Safety in the Aftermath of a Shooting: Challenge to Internal Validity?
Jennifer O’Neill, Timothy McCuddy and Finn-Aage Esbensen 115
PART III Crossing Boundaries
Chapter 8 Methodological Challenges in Collaborative Research with Immigrant Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence in Canada
Nawal Ammar and Arshia U. Zaidi 135
Chapter 9 The Uses and Limits of Photovoice in Research on Life After Immigration Detention and Deportation
Sarah Turnbull 151
Chapter 10 Agency Records as a Method for Examining Human Trafficking
Valerie R. Anderson, Teresa C. Kulig and Christopher J. Sullivan 165
Chapter 11 Searching for Extremist Content Online Using the Dark Crawler and Sentiment Analysis
Ryan Scrivens, Tiana Gaudette, Garth Davies and Richard Frank 179
Index 195

List of Figures and Tables

Chapter 1
Fig. 1 Police Records Versus CSEW Estimates (2017 and 2018) 15
Fig. 2 Crime Per 1,000 Population Rates for Police-recorded Crime and Year-to-Year Annual Change for England and Wales (1981–2018) 15
Fig. 3 Crime Per 1,000 Population Rates for Police-recorded Crime Versus Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW; 1981–2018) with Logarithmic Trendlines 16
Fig. 4 Violence with Injury: Police-recorded Crime Versus CSEW (2003–2018) 17
Fig. 5 Violence without Injury: Police-recorded Crime Versus CSEW (2003–2018) 17
Fig. 6 Police-recorded Homicide 18
Fig. 7 Homicide Police Records: Offences Recorded by the Policeas Homicide by a Sharp Instrument (2007–2017) 19
Fig. 8 Homicide Police Records: Relationship between Victim and Suspect 20
Fig. 9 Use of Weapons in Violent Incidents (2007–2017) 20
Fig. 10 Prevalence of Knife Carrying among 10–15 Year Olds and 16–29 Year Olds (2007–2017) 21
Fig. 11 Police Stop-and-Search Data (2006/07–2016/07) 21
Fig. 12 Finished Hospital Consultant: All Assaults Episodes, 2008–2018 (with Logarithmic Trend Line) 22
Fig. 13 Finished Hospital Consultant for Assault by Sharp Object Episodes, 2008–2018 (with Logarithmic Trend Line) 23
Fig. 14 Finished Hospital Admission Episodes with Cause Code of Firearm Assault, 2008–2018 (with Logarithmic Trend Line) 23
Chapter 7
Table 1 Sample Characteristics 121
Table 2 Cross-sectional Sample Characteristics Pre- and Post-parkland Shooting (N = 3,007) 123
Table 3 Change Scores Between Wave Two and Wave One 125
Fig. 1 Change Scores from Wave One to Wave Two: Items with Significant Differences Pre-shooting and Post-shooting 126
Fig. 2 Change Scores from Wave One to Wave Two by County 128
Fig. 3 Change Scores from Wave One to Wave Two: Significant Differences for Middle School Students 129
Chapter 11
Fig. 1 Overview of The Dark Crawler 183

About the Contributors

Valerie R. Anderson, School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, USA, conducts research in the areas of human trafficking and juvenile justice. She recently served as the principal investigator on a statewide human trafficking prevalence study funded by the Ohio Office of Criminal Justice Services.

Barak Ariel, Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, UK and Institute of Criminology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, specializes in experimental criminology and evidence-based policy, particularly in respect of technology in policing, place-based interventions, deterrence, legitimacy, and counter terrorism.

Nawal Ammar, Professor and Dean, Rowan University, USA, is an expert on violence against immigrant women. She is the author of over 100 research manuscripts. Her recent work concerns promoting access to justice for immigrant crime victims and children in the US justice system in National Center for State Courts and American Civil Liberties (2018).

Matthew Bland, Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, UK, specializes in quantitative and experimental analyses of police-related issues, particularly domestic abuse and the use of algorithms in policing.

Thomas G. Blomberg, Dean and Sheldon L. Messinger Professor of Criminology, College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida State University, USA. His research interests include elderly victimization, the impact of education on delinquency, life course theory, and methods for advancing research in criminal justice.

Julie Brancale, Teaching Faculty Member, College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida State University, USA. Dr Brancale’s research interests include the study of elderly victimization, life course theory, and adult and juvenile correctional policies.

Garth Davies, School of Criminology, Simon Fraser University, Canada, specializes in evaluating programs for countering violent extremism, the social psychology of radicalization, and the statistical modeling and projection of violent right-wing extremism. He is a member of the Executive Committee of the Canadian Network for Research on Terrorism, Security, and Society.

Mathieu Deflem, Department of Sociology, University of South Carolina, USA, specializes in the sociology of social control, terrorism, policing, sociology of law, and sociological theory. He is the author of four books, including The Policing of Terrorism (Routledge, 2010) and Sociology of Law (Cambridge University Press, 2008).

Walter S. DeKeseredy, Anna Deane Carlson Endowed Chair of Social Sciences, West Virginia University, USA, specializes in the areas of violence against women and rural criminology. He received awards for his research from divisions of the American Society of Criminology and sections of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences.

Finn-Aage Esbensen is E. Desmond Lee Professor, Youth Crime and Violence, Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri – St. Louis, USA. He has served as the Principal Investigator of numerous evaluations of school-based prevention programs and is currently PI on the NIJ funded UMSL CSSI project.

Richard Frank, School of Criminology, Simon Fraser University, Canada, specializes in cybercrime, with an interest in hackers and security issues, such as online terrorism and warfare. He is the Director of the International CyberCrime Research Centre and the Associate Editor-in-Chief of Security Informatics.

Tiana Gaudette, School of Criminology, Simon Fraser University, Canada, specializes in extremists’ use of fringe online platforms, the alt-right, and right-wing extremism. She is a Research Assistant on a Public Safety Canada-funded project on right-wing extremism in Canada. She is also a Research Assistant at the International CyberCrime Research Centre.

Sadaf Hashimi, School of Criminal Justice, Rutgers University – Newark, USA, is a Doctoral student. Her primary research interests include networks and crime, collective behavior, illicit markets, and criminal justice policy.

Teresa C. Kulig, School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Nebraska at Omaha, USA, specializes in the study of the nature and prevalence of human trafficking, theories of victimization, rape myth acceptance in India, public perceptions on justice-related topics, and laws named after crime victims.

Navin Kumar, Department of Sociology, Yale University, USA, works in the area of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and Drug Use. Current projects include the effects of social networks on treatment retention among people receiving medication for opioid use disorder, and the use of sexual history in routine health screening to identify targets for behavioral interventions.

Alex Luscombe, candidate, Centre for Criminology & Sociolegal Studies, University of Toronto, Canada. His research interests include policing, corruption, secrecy, and freedom of information law. He has published in a number of academic journals, including Social Forces, British Journal of Criminology, and International Political Sociology.

Timothy McCuddy, Assistant Research Professor, Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri – St. Louis, USA. His research focuses on how technology affects social processes related to crime. He is currently the Project Director of the UMSL Comprehensive School Safety Initiative.

Jennifer O’Neill is a Doctoral student at the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri – St. Louis, USA. She conducts school-based research and her work focuses on schools and deviance, as well as identity and delinquency.

Marie Ouellet, Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Georgia State University, USA, is interested in how delinquent groups emerge and evolve, and the role of networks in shaping these dynamics. Her research has been published in Criminology, Criminology and Public Policy, and Social Networks.

Ryan Scrivens, School of Criminal Justice, Michigan State University, USA, specializes in terrorists’ and extremists’ use of the Internet, right-wing extremism, and computational social science. He is a Research Associate at the International CyberCrime Research Centre, a Visiting Researcher at VOX-Pol, and an Associate Editor of Perspectives on Terrorism.

Derek M. D. Silva, Department of Sociology, King’s University College at Western University, Canada, specializes in radicalization and violent extremism, policing, sport, and social control. His most recent work can be found in peer-reviewed journals Sociological Forum, Race & Class, and the Sociology of Sport Journal.

Christopher J. Sullivan, School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, USA, works in the areas of developmental and life-course criminology, juvenile justice, and research methodology and analytic methods.

Sarah Turnbull, Department of Criminology, Birkbeck College, University of London, UK, works in the areas of immigration detention and deportation, gender, race, and punishment, reentry, and border criminology. She is the author of Parole in Canada: Gender and Diversity in the Federal System (UBC Press, 2016).

Kevin Walby, Associate Professor, Criminal Justice and Chancellor’s Research Chair, University of Winnipeg, Canada. He is co-editor of the Journal of Prisoners on Prisons as well as book review editor for Surveillance & Society and Security Journal.

Arshia U. Zaidi, Associate Professor Faculty of Social Science and Humanities, Criminology, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Canada, she works in the areas of intimate partner violence, issues of immigration, ethnic identity, race, gender, sexuality and family generational issues, survivors of elderly abuse, immigrant youth, information technology/social media, and also specializes in qualitative and quantitative methodology.