Index
ISBN: 978-1-78714-604-4, eISBN: 978-1-78714-603-7
ISSN: 1521-6136
Publication date: 25 May 2017
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2017), "Index", Race, Ethnicity and Law (Sociology of Crime, Law and Deviance, Vol. 22), Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 291-294. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1521-613620170000022021
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2017 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
ABCL. See American Birth Control League (ABCL)
African American
assessing
, 49–54
community
, 40
conditions of emancipation
, 47–48
correctional assessment instruments
, 55–56
counseling interactions with
, 55–58
ever present anger
, 53–54
foundation of
, 41–49
institutionalization of slavery
, 41–42
justifying slavery
, 42–43
mental diagnoses
, 45–46
offenders
, 40, 49–57
oppression
, 41–49
power of beliefs
, 50–52
racial minorities
, 56–57
spirituality
, 47
vacant esteem
, 52–53
African American men
, 41
African American women
, 41
American Birth Control League (ABCL)
, 142
Anti-Drug Abuse Act
, 224
Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act
, 224
Apartheid justice
, 30–32, 36–37
Apology
, 81, 86
Assimilation debates
, 228–231
BCFA. See Birth Control Federation of America (BCFA)
Behavior within prisons
, 164
Birth Control Federation of America (BCFA)
, 142
Black children in foster care
, 148–149
Black cocaine epidemic of late 1980s
, 260–263
Black women
collateral consequence
, 143–147
literature review
, 138–141
mass incarceration, collateral consequences of
, 145–147
Negro project
, 141–143
oppression
, 138–140
racism
, 138–140
slavery
, 138–140
Black youth, parental separation on
, 147–149
Cal Gang database
, 32
CAPI. See computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI)
Citizenship
, 225, 229, 230
Civil gang injunctions
, 30
Clinical Research Bureau (CRB)
, 142
Computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI)
, 162
Confessions
, 12
Conflict theory
, 96–97
Contested racial identity
, 192–193
Convicting the Innocent: Sixty-five Actual Errors of Criminal Justice (Borchard, Edwin)
, 8
Convictions. See wrongful convictions
Counseling
, 41, 50, 55–57
Cowboys
, 31
Crime, racialization of
, 179–180
Criminal adjudication
, 98
Criminality and criminal status
, 163, 166
Criminal justice
, 7, 242–246
Criminal law
, 223
Crimmigration system
, 223–225
assimilation debates
, 228–231
Latino crimmigration control
, 226–228
regulates membership
, 225–226
Decision-making under sentencing guidelines
, 118–119
Dependent and independent variables
, 122–124
Detention and court processing
, 245–246
Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
, 5, 49
Disciplinary action
, 163
Diversification of law
, 2
Drug addicts
, 158–159
Drug cases
, 121–122
Drug history, by race and gender
, 167
Drug revolution of 1960S
, 255–258
Drug use
, 163
Equality
, 1, 238–239
Ethnic dimensions of law
, 1
Ethnicity
, 1
Ethnographic research
, 224–225
Fairness
, 1
False confession
, 12
Federal courts
, 96, 97
Federal sentence severity, theories of
conflict theory
, 96–97
focal concerns theory
, 99–100
legal-bureaucratic model
, 100–101
uncertainty avoidance/causal attribution
, 97–99
Federal sentencing guidelines era
, 104–111
Focal concerns theory
, 99–100
Forensic errors
, 13
Furman v. Georgia
, 15
Gang injunctions
, 28–30
and apartheid justice
, 30–32, 36–37
black codes
, 32–34
case study
, 34–36
historical analysis of
, 30
Gender differences
, 10
Gender disparities
, 271–274
Hypotheses, criminal legal system
, 161–162
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA)
, 224
Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA)
, 223
Inequality
, 241–242
Informants and snitches, use of
, 12
Intersectionality
, 270, 274, 284, 285
Intersectionality perspective
, 271
Jim Crow
, 82–83, 143
Jim Crow laws
, 32, 34, 36
Judicial decisions, analysis
, 124–127
Justice
, 1, 246–248
Western conceptions of
, 238–239
Juvenile justice
, 242–243, 270, 271, 274, 275
decision-making in
, 3
Lawsuits
denying restitution
, 87–88
dilemma
, 87–89
against government defendants
, 80–81
granting restitution
, 88–89
legal claims, types of
, 83–85
limits of law
, 87–89
from Mass Harms under Jim Crow
, 82–83
official apologies
, 86–87
against private companies
, 81–82
reparations
, 80–83
reparations legislation
, 85–86
Legal-bureaucratic model
, 100–101
Male-dominated crimes
, 10
Males
, 179–181, 182
Masked Racism: Reflections on the Prison Industrial Complex (Davis, Angela)
, 144
Mass incarceration
structural and symbolic violence in
, 160–161
Media
, 203–204
Migration
, 222–223, 225, 226, 229
Multiracial males
, 176
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass
, 33
National Registry of Exonerations (NRE)
, 11
The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (Alexander)
, 143
Offenders
, 40, 49–57, 119, 120, 124
One Mississippi Black Code
, 33
Painkiller epidemic of 1990s
, 263–265
Perjured testimony
, 14
Personal Treasure Mapping (PTM) process
, 74
Plea bargaining
, 14
Police repression
, 37
Policing
, 244–245
Post-world war II drug epidemic
, 253–255
Pre-federal sentencing guidelines era
, 101–103
Prisons, drug use rules violation
, 168
Prison to freedom
conceptual challenges
, 64–66
conformity
, 70
escape
, 68–69
heuristics approach
, 72–73
innovation
, 71
model
, 69–72
personal journey
, 66–69
rebellion
, 71
retreatism
, 70–71
ritualism
, 70
Sacred Space Program
, 73–76
transformation
, 69
Probation violators
, 271–274
Prosecutorial and police misconduct
, 11
PTM process. See Personal Treasure Mapping (PTM) process
Punishment inside prison
, 158–159
Race
, 1, 117, 118, 119, 121, 124, 204–206, 206–212, 212–214
Race and Justice: Wrongful Convictions of African American Men (Free & Ruesink)
, 15
Race/ethnicity
, 271–274, 278–279
Race/ethnicity disparity
federal sentencing guidelines era
, 104–111
pre-federal sentencing guidelines era
, 101–103
Race in prison
, 180–183
Race making
monoracial categories
, 189–190
racial identity construction
, 190–192
Racial and ethnic disparities
, 243–244
Racial disparity
, 12, 20, 21
Racial identity
, 177–178
on being multiracial
, 188–189
of first-generation multiracial prisoners
, 185
of second-generation multiracial prisoners
, 186
Racialization
, 200, 206, 213
Racial law
, 1
Recidivism
, 64, 65, 73
Rehabilitation
, 240–241
Retribution
, 240–241
Sentencing departures
, 117–118
Sentencing disparity
, 116–117, 127
Sentencing guidelines
decision-making under
, 118–119
Virginia’s truth-in-sentencing guidelines
, 119–121
Sex
, 119
Slave Codes
, 33
Slavery
conditions of
, 43–44
institutionalization of
, 41–42
justifying slavery
, 42–43
Social and youth inequality
, 241–242
Social control
, 246–248
justifications of
, 240–241
Social inequality
, 246–248
Social psychological theories
, 98
STEP Act
, 31
Strickland v. Washington
, 13
Structural and symbolic violence
, 160–161
Symbolic violence
, 160–161
System disparities
, 246–248
Uniform Crime Reports
, 17
U.S. criminal legal apparatus
, 156
Victim blaming
carceral state
, 206–212
criminal justice system
, 202–203
immigration
, 212–214
mediated victim blaming
, 203–204
and race
, 204–214
and state violence
, 206–214
transnational state violence
, 212–214
victim-blaming attitudes
, 201–202
and violence against women
, 201–206
Victim race
, 20, 21, 22
Violence against women
, 201–206
Virginia’s truth-in-sentencing guidelines
, 119–121
War on drugs
, 157–158, 252
White cocaine epidemic of early 1980s
, 259–260
Witness error
, 10, 11, 16, 17, 19, 21
Women in jails and prisons
, 159–160
Wrongful convictions
African American men
, 15–19
African American women
, 19–22
child abuse mirror
, 20
for drug offenses
, 21
estimates of
, 9
factors associated with
, 10–14
false confessions in
, 12
investigation of
, 12
for murder and manslaughter
, 22
non-violent crimes
, 11
problem of
, 8–9
role of race
, 10
sexual assault
, 11, 14
in United States
, 8
victims of
, 17
violent crimes
, 11
website containing data on
, 9
white women
, 21
Youth and criminal justice
, 242–246
- Prelims
- Introduction: The Laws of Race, Ethnicity and Law
- Part I Law and Black Lives
- Wrongful Convictions: The African American Experience
- Apartheid Justice: Gang Injunctions and the New Black Codes
- Understanding the Historical Influences on Contemporary Assessment and Counseling Issues of African American Offenders
- When Did Crime Pay, and for Whom? The Metamorphosis of an Academic’s Odyssey
- Forty Acres and a Lawsuit: Legal Claims for Reparations
- Part II Disparities in Sentencing and Punishment
- Theoretical Perspectives and Empirical Assessments of Race/Ethnicity Disparities in Federal Sentencing
- Examining Sentencing Disparity in Virginia: The Impact of Race and Sex on Mitigating Departures for Drug Offenders
- The New Jane Crow: Mass Incarceration and the Denied Maternity of Black Women
- Hooked on Punishment: Symbolic Violence and the Drug War Inside U.S. Prisons
- Prisons, Race Making, and the Changing American Racial Milieu
- Part III Systems and Mechanisms of Inequality
- Racialized Culpability: Victim Blaming and State Violence
- Latinos and the Crimmigration System
- Justice, Social Control, and Social Inequality: Framing the U.S. Juvenile Justice System’s Racial and Ethnic Disparities
- Drugs and Racial Constructions
- The Intersection of Race/Ethnicity, Gender and the Treatment of Probation Violators in Juvenile Justice Proceedings
- Index