Prelims

Half Title Page

Research in Times of Crisis

Series Title Page

Research Methodology in Strategy and Management

Series Editors: Aaron D. Hill, Jane K. Lê, Aaron F. Mckenny, Paula O’Kane, Sotirios Paroutis and Anne D. Smith

Previously published volumes:

Title Page

Research Methodology in Strategy and Management Volume 13

Research in Times of Crisis: Research Methods in the Time of Covid-19

Edited by

Aaron D. Hill

University of Florida, USA

Jane K. Lê

WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management, Germany

Aaron F. McKenny

Indiana University Bloomington, USA

Paula O'Kane

University of Otago, New Zealand

Sotirios Paroutis

University of Warwick, UK

And

Anne D. Smith

University of Tennessee, USA

United Kingdom – North America – Japan – India – Malaysia – China

Copyright Page

Emerald Publishing Limited

Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley BD16 1WA, UK

First edition 2021

Editorial matter and selection © 2021 Aaron D. Hill, Jane K. Lê, Aaron F. McKenny, Paula O'Kane, Sotirios Paroutis and Anne D. Smith. Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited.

Individual chapters © 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited

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No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying issued in the UK by The Copyright Licensing Agency and in the USA by The Copyright Clearance Center. Any opinions expressed in the chapters are those of the authors. Whilst Emerald makes every effort to ensure the quality and accuracy of its content, Emerald makes no representation implied or otherwise, as to the chapters' suitability and application and disclaims any warranties, express or implied, to their use.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-80071-798-5 (Print)

ISBN: 978-1-80071-797-8 (Online)

ISBN: 978-1-80071-799-2 (Epub)

ISSN: 1479-8387 (Series)

About the Editors

Aaron D. Hill is a Faculty Member in the Warrington College of Business at University of Florida (USA). His methodological research has focused on unobtrusive measurement of psychological constructs in hard to access subject pools such as executives as well as in ways to bridge macro and micro approaches such as in addressing endogeneity. He has previously publishing in Research Methodology in Strategy and Management, as well as in leading journals in our field such the Academy of Management Journal, Journal of Management, and Strategic Management Journal, among others.

Jane K. Lê (jane.le@whu.edu) holds the Chair of Strategic Management at the WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management (Germany). Her research explores strategy dynamics in complex settings, particularly how organizations manage multiple competing goals. Jane K. Lê is passionate about interpretive research and research methods, and is Associate Editor at Organizational Research Methods. Her work has been published in leading international outlets such as Academy of Management Journal, Organization Science, Organization Studies, Organizational Research Methods, Strategic Organization, among others.

Aaron F. McKenny is an Assistant Professor of Management and Entrepreneurship at the Kelley School of Business, Indiana University (USA). His methods research emphasizes the dissemination and advancement of content analysis in organizational studies and has been published in journals such as Organizational Research Methods, Journal of Management, Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, Family Business Review, and Research Methodology in Strategy and Management.

Paula O’Kane is a Senior Lecturer in Human Resource Management at the University of Otago in Dunedin (New Zealand). Her expertise lies in interpretative qualitative research across a range of areas including performance management, social media and the future of work. She has extensive expertise in Computer-Aided Qualitative Data Analysis and has published previously in Research Methodology in Strategy and Management, as well as Organizational Research Methods, Human Resource Management Journal and Studies in Higher Education, among others.

Sotirios Paroutis is a Professor of Strategic Management at the Warwick Business School (UK). He primarily uses qualitative methods to study the practices and processes organizational actors employ when dealing with strategic tensions. His work has been published in Research Methodology in Strategy and Management, Strategic Management Journal, Organization Studies, and Long Range Planning, among others.

Anne D. Smith (asmith51@utk.edu) is the King and Judy Rogers Professor in Business and Head of Management and Entrepreneurship Department, Haslam College of Business, University of Tennessee Knoxville (USA). Anne enjoys making sense of textual and photographic data to provide novel theoretical insights. Her research has been published in journals such as Organization Science, Organizational Research Methods, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management, Journal of Operations Management, and Journal of Management Inquiry, as well as Research Methodology in Strategy and Management.

About the Contributors

Jonathan Bundy (jonathan.bundy@asu.edu) is an Associate Professor of Management in the W. P. Carey School of Business at Arizona State University. He received his PhD from the University of Georgia. His research investigates the social and cognitive forces that shape organizational behavior, with a focus on social evaluations, crisis management, stakeholder management, and corporate governance.

John R. Busenbark is an Assistant Professor of Management in the Mendoza College of Business at the University of Notre Dame.

Kenneth A. Frank is a Professor in Measurement and Quantitative Methods within the Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology, and Special Education within the College of Education at Michigan State University.

Robert Gephart, PhD, University of British Columbia, is Professor Emeritus at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada. Dr Gephart is the Author of Ethnostatistics: Qualitative Foundations for Qualitative Research (SAGE, 1988), Coeditor of Postmodern Management and Organization Theory (with D. Boje and T. Thatchenky, SAGE, 1996), and Lead Editor of The Routledge Companion to Risk, Crisis and Emergency Management (with C. Chet Miller and Karin Svedberg Helgesson, Routledge, 2019). Dr Gephart's research has appeared in the Administrative Science Quarterly, the Academy of Management Journal, the Journal of Management, Organizational Research Methods, Qualitative Sociology, and other outlets. Dr Gephart served as an Associate Editor of Organizational Research Methods for over a decade. He was awarded the Sage Career Achievement Award from the Research Methods Division of the Academy of Management in 2015. His current research interests include crisis management, qualitative research methods, and managing organizational change for planetary survival.

Ke Gong is a PhD Candidate in Management at the Ivy College of Business at Iowa State University. His research sits at the intersection of corporate governance and nonmarket strategy, and his dissertation examines how political factors affect the commission and detection of financial fraud. Ke has over 10 years of industry experience, including six years as a Senior Business Analyst at Intel China.

Colin Michael Hall is a Professor at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand; Guest Professor, Lund University, Helsingborg, Sweden; Visiting Professor, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden; and Docent, University of Oulu, Finland. He is the Coeditor of Current Issues in Tourism, and he has published widely on tourism, regional development, global environmental change, resilience, food, sustainability, and world heritage.

Farhan Iqbal (farhan.iqbal@uga.edu) is a Doctoral Candidate studying Strategy and Entrepreneurship in the Terry College of Business at the University of Georgia. His research focuses on the social perceptions of firms, crisis management, and the influence of business on politics and society.

Scott Johnson earned his PhD at the Carlson School of Management at the University of Minnesota and is now an Associate Professor at the Ivy College of Business at Iowa State University. His research focuses on corporate governance, managerial cognition, the philosophy of science, and research methods. He is particularly interested in improving how the theories and methodologies used in governance research represent the complexity of real organizations.

Jaewoo Jung is a Doctoral Candidate at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville (USA). His research interests lie at the intersection of organizational theory, business model innovation, and entrepreneurship. He seeks to understand how executives’ and entrepreneurs’ bounded rationality affects their business model innovations. More specifically, he studies why decision-makers engage in specific types of business model changes during adverse situations, such as crises. In his dissertation, he focuses on how an extreme environmental situation – the COVID-19 crisis – affects the ways business owners with different organizational conditions respond to the crisis over time. Jaewoo's main methodological interest is computer-aided text analysis, machine learning, and interpretive qualitative case study.

Margaret K. Koli is a Research Assistant and Doctoral Student at the WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management. Her research is focused on strategies for interorganizational partnerships addressing grand challenges. Therein, her research currently focuses on the cascading of tensions within and across organizational boundaries and how this influences how actors co-strategize to address complex problems. She is affiliated with the United Nations University – Institute for Environment and Human Security, where her research interest is in partnerships for sustainable development. Margaret has also held various professional and advisory positions in other international organizations.

Ann Langley is Professor Emerita at HEC Montréal, Canada. She was Professor and Chair in Strategic Management in Pluralistic Settings at HEC Montréal until August 31, 2020 (now retired). Her research deals with strategic management processes and practices in complex organizations, with an emphasis on qualitative methodologies. She is the author of over 80 articles and has authored or edited 12 books. She is the Coeditor of the journal Strategic Organization and coedits the book series Perspectives on Process Organization Studies published by Oxford University Press.

Qinyun Lin is a Postdoctoral Researcher in the Center for Spatial Data Science at the University of Chicago.

Sanna Malinen, PhD, is an Associate Professor at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand. Her research spans the fields of organizational behavior and psychology. Her current research projects focus on workplace well-being, culture development, innovation uptake, disaster management, and employee and organizational resilience.

Spiro J. Maroulis is an Associate Professor in the School of Public Affairs, and the Associate Director for policy informatics in the Decision Theater at Arizona State University.

Christos Mavros is an ESRC (UKRI) funded Doctoral Researcher at the University of Sheffield in England (UK). He is conducting his PhD at the Institute of Work Psychology of the Sheffield University Management School. Christos's research interests fall within the organizational psychology field, more specifically, behavioral studies in leadership. His doctoral thesis focuses on paradoxical leadership behaviors and their effect on followers’ innovative work behaviors.

Michael D. Pfarrer (mpfarrer@uga.edu) is the C. Herman and Mary Virginia Terry Distinguished Chair of Business Administration in the Terry College of Business at the University of Georgia. He received his PhD from the University of Maryland. His research focuses on strategic decision-making, organizational reputation and celebrity, corporate communications, and crisis management.

Girish Prayag, PhD, is a Professor of Marketing at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand. He received his master's degree in Marketing from University of Cape Town (South Africa) and his PhD in Tourism Management from the University of Waikato (New Zealand). His research interests are related to tourism market segmentation, organizational resilience, disaster management, and destination marketing. He is currently the Editor of Method and Practice for the journal Current Issues in Tourism.

Johnnel Smith is a PhD Scholar at Griffith University, Australia. She has been a Lecturer in Tourism, Management, and Marketing with Universities in the Caribbean and Pacific regions for over 13 years. Miss Smith holds a master's and a bachelor's degree in Tourism Management from The University of the West Indies. Her expertise and scope of research areas include big data mining, netnography, tourism and COVID-19, and gender and luxury management. She is also a three-time recipient of the Caribbean Tourism Organization Foundation – Graduate Scholarship Award. In addition to her achievements in academia, she has worked in the consumer goods and tourism industries with brands such as Nestlé, Sandals Resorts International, Ritz-Carlton, Hilton Resorts, and Jamaica Tourist Board.

Katy Stepanian is a Research Assistant at the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience at King's College London. Her research interests are underpinned by a commitment to the value of experiential knowledge, and she is particularly interested in mental health interventions that are coproduced with people with lived experience of mental health problems. She has previously worked in NHS mental health services in a variety of roles including as a peer support worker and researched these roles as a Service User Researcher at the University of Huddersfield. Her work at the University of Sheffield's School of Management explored Behavior in Teams and was heavily impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Her current role combines her previous work experience in further education and her personal experience of using mental health Recovery Colleges in the 5-year RECOLLECT study.

Dr Suze Wilson is a Senior Lecturer and Leadership Scholar at Massey University, affiliated with both the School of Management and Massey Executive Development. Her research has appeared in academic journals such as Organization, the Journal of Business Ethics, Leadership, and Culture and Organization, in books such as Thinking Differently about Leadership (published by Edward Elgar), Revitalising Leadership: Putting Theory and Practice into Context (published by Routledge and written in collaboration with Stephen Cummings, Brad Jackson, and Sarah Proctor-Thomson), and After Leadership (edited with Brigid Carroll and Josh Firth and also published by Routledge). She also writes about leadership for the general public via news sites or business magazines. Prior to joining academia, Suze had an extensive practitioner background, holding senior roles such as GM of HR at New Zealand Post, and Deputy Commissioner, People Capability at the State Services Commission.

Russell Wordsworth, PhD, is the Dean of Business and Senior Lecturer at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand. His research interests span the fields of human resource management, employee turnover, career transitions, postcrisis management, and business ethics.

Ran Xu is an Assistant Professor and Applied Statistician in the Department of Allied Health Sciences within the College of Agriculture, Health, and Natural Resources at the University of Connecticut.

List of Contributors