Index

The Educational Intelligent Economy: Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and the Internet of Things in Education

ISBN: 978-1-78754-853-4, eISBN: 978-1-78754-852-7

ISSN: 1479-3679

Publication date: 25 November 2019

This content is currently only available as a PDF

Citation

(2019), "Index", Jules, T.D. and Salajan, F.D. (Ed.) The Educational Intelligent Economy: Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and the Internet of Things in Education (International Perspectives on Education and Society, Vol. 38), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 269-280. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-367920190000038016

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2020 Emerald Publishing Limited


INDEX

Note: Page numbers followed by “n” with numbers indicate notes.

Academy-in-a-box
, 226

Access economy
, 24

Acquaintance society
, 243

Action analytics
, 253

Actionability
, 224

Administrators, implications of LA for
, 261–264

Adult educators
, 135

Advanced regression techniques
, 238

Agile economy
, 24

Airbnb
, 23

ALEKS ITS
, 153

Algorithm(ic)

biases
, 118, 120

governance
, 5, 226

violence
, 245

Amazon
, 23

American Civil Liberties Union
, 191

American cybernetics
, 57–58, 61

American Educational Research Association (AERA)
, 42–43

Analytics
, 256

academic
, 253–254

action
, 253

predictive
, 56, 216

real-time learning
, 60

solutions
, 252

web
, 253

Anthropology
, 220

Anti-colonialism
, 35

Anticipative thinking models
, 7

Anticipatory systems
, 89

Apple
, 183

Arithmetic operations
, 21

Artificial intelligence (AI)
, 8–9, 53, 62, 89, 110, 115–116, 128, 146–152, 180, 192, 200, 206, 208, 235–237

AMM
, 186–188

AST
, 186–188

automotive engineers
, 183–186

across education and industry
, 180

governance, challenges, and responses
, 188–192

rebellions
, 247n7

reimagining occupations in automobile industry
, 182

Winter
, 181

Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED)
, 115–117, 238–239

Assemblages
, 25

Assessment and Teaching of Twenty-first Century Skills (AT C21s)
, 59

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
, 202

Attrition
, 77

Austin Peay University
, 256

Australian Curriculum
, 114

Auto industry, AI across
, 180–192

Automation
, 184, 186, 189, 191

Automobiles
, 180

reimagining occupations in automobile industry
, 182

Automotive engineers
, 181, 183–186

Automotive Master Mechanics (AMM)
, 186–188

Automotive mechanics and technicians
, 181

Automotive Specialty Technicians (AST)
, 186–188

Autonomous navigation
, 185

Autonomous vehicles
, 89

Baidu (Chinese search engine giant)
, 183

Bedfordshire University
, 256

Behavioral economics
, 223

Big Data
, 1–2, 16, 24, 34, 36–40, 53, 70, 110, 113, 115, 129, 200, 205, 224–225, 234, 239, 252, 259, 261

access to
, 5–6

Big Data-based analytics
, 115

control and regulation of
, 4

European Union as case for comparison in era of
, 202–203

fundamentalism
, 36–37

indiscriminate use of
, 7

intentional deployment
, 4

manifest lucrative value
, 5

mining
, 37

“new” about
, 55–57

opportunities and challenges
, 115–117

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
, 260

Biological determinism
, 220

Biopolitical concerns
, 220

Biopolitics
, 55

Biotechnology
, 89

Blackboard
, 259

Blitzscaling
, 18, 24–28

Blockchain
, 110, 115

opportunities and challenges
, 119

BrainChain
, 236

Brave New World (Huxley)
, 234

Chinese dream
, 240–246

UN’s Education 2030 agenda
, 235–240

Bridge International Academies
, 223–224

Bring Your Own Device Classes (BYOD Classes)
, 244

Broadening participation
, 45

Brontobytes
, 16

Business intelligence
, 253

“Career Pathways” initiatives
, 135

Caribbean Community (CARICOM)
, 202

Cedefop
, 115

Centre for Educational Technology, Interoperability and Standards (CETIS)
, 253

Charitable foundations
, 260–261

Child-Parent Center program in Chicago
, 95

China

adaptive system
, 246

cultural and moral essence
, 241

Chinese Communist Party
, 241

Chinese Dream
, 234, 240–246

Chinese traditional culture
, 241

Choice architects
, 223

“City Brain” project in Hangzhou
, 242

Civic Education Study (CivEd)
, 20

Classroom technology
, 153

Classroom-level “smart” systems
, 60

Closed loop
, 239

Cloud Classes
, 244

Cloud Computing
, 234

Code of Ethics
, 42

Cognitive universalizations
, 58–60

Coherence
, 205–210

Collaborative economy
, 24

Colonial difference
, 219–222

Colonial model
, 35

Colonial residues in data-driven reforms
, 228–229

Colonial-era school reforms
, 226

Commercial presence
, 23

Commercialization

of education
, 152

of LA
, 259–260

Commissioned colonial surveys
, 218

Commodification

data
, 35

of knowledge
, 163, 165

of LA
, 259–260

Communication systems
, 52

Comparative and International Education (CIE)
, 17–18, 34, 37, 40, 43, 110, 202

data collection and IEA
, 18–20

data collection and OECD
, 20–22

data collection and UNESCO reports
, 22

Comparative and International Education Society (CIES)
, 34

Comparative content analysis
, 98–100

Comparative education
, 145, 155

Comparative Education Society (see Comparative and International Education Society (CIES))

Complex survey sampling
, 137

Compulsory schooling
, 8, 88

educational intelligent economy
, 89–90

framework for analysis and limitations
, 90–91

learning vs. schooling
, 90

purpose of
, 96–98

scenarios within educational intelligent economy future
, 91–100

Computational theories of human behavior
, 56

Confucianism
, 234, 240, 241, 245

Connectivism and Connective Knowledge (CCK)
, 24

Consortium for Student Retention Data Exchange (CSRDE)
, 255

Contamination
, 77

Content analysis
, 165

Contrapuntal method
, 218

Control and regulation of Big Data
, 4

Coordiated civic action
, 29n17

Coordinated Plan for Artificial Intelligence
, 211

Core and periphery model
, 36, 40

Craigslist
, 23

Credit checks
, 242

Cross-border supply
, 23

Cutting-edge technology, value of
, 110

Cyberbullying
, 120

Cybernetics
, 53, 61

Cyberpunk world
, 246n5

Cyberspace
, 236, 246n5

Cyborg dialectic
, 163

Danish Board of Technology
, 48n5

Dark data
, 29n7, 144

Data
, 26

analysts, methods, trends, and creating
, 135–137

analytics
, 135

cleanup
, 144

commodification
, 35

control
, 44–46

data servitization, governance in era of
, 23–24

economy
, 9, 210

ownership
, 117

privacy
, 118

security
, 120–121

sharing
, 42–44

technology in education
, 148–150

Data collection

and IEA
, 18–20

and OECD
, 20–22

and UNESCO reports
, 22

Data frontierism
, 36–38

data sharing
, 42–44

electronic colonialism to
, 40

neoliberal inclinations
, 40–41

Data mining
, 23, 146–152, 152–157

educational intelligence, and comparative analysis
, 154–155

Data-driven decision-making
, 133

Data-driven economy
, 206

Data-driven educational governance
, 24

Data-driven educational systems

American cybernetics and structural objectivity
, 57–58

cognitive and “non-cognitive” universalizations
, 58–60

intelligence-as-information
, 52–53

methodological notes
, 53–54

models, minds, and social physics
, 54–55

“new” about big data and learning analytics
, 55–57

of perceptrons and change
, 60–63

Data-driven learning analytic platforms
, 54

Data-driven reforms, colonial residues in
, 228–229

Data-harvesting machines
, 188

Data-Informed Decision-Making approach (DIDM approach)
, 37

Datafication
, 25, 56–57, 63n4

Datum
, 28n3, 29n6

“Decentralized city” design
, 89, 95

Decolonial frameworks
, 34

Big Data
, 36–40

educational intelligent economy
, 46–47

electronic colonialism to digital frontierism
, 40–44

neoliberal scientism, control of data, and NSF
, 44–46

notion of CIE
, 34–35

stake
, 35–36

Deep learning algorithms
, 238

DeepBrain
, 236

DeepMind
, 236

Degree Compass system
, 255

Deliberations
, 47

Dell Inc.
, 163

Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
, 37

Dependent races
, 220

Dependent variables
, 72

Derritorializiation
, 25

Desire2Learn
, 259

Developmentalism
, 220

“Deviancy and moral disorder”
, 54–55

Differences and exclusions
, 217

Differential mode of association
, 243

Digital

colonialism
, 36

competency
, 113–115

data
, 70

exclusion due to algorithmic biases
, 118

governance
, 234

landscape
, 200

platforms
, 114

revolution
, 208, 210

Taylorism
, 26

technologies
, 203

transformation of education
, 238

Digital education

data mining, machine learning, and AI
, 146–152

data mining and
, 152–157

economic security and educational intelligence
, 145–146

Digital Single Market
, 205–208

Digitization
, 24, 56–57, 63n4

Discourse analysis
, 210

Disruptive innovation
, 23

Document literacy data
, 21

Drivers of Student Success
, 170

Dusty, dangerous, or dull work (three Ds)
, 148

Dystopic machine
, 246

East London University
, 256

EBay
, 23

ECAR program
, 260

Economic intelligence
, 27

Economic security
, 145–146

Economies
, 56

Edinburgh University
, 255

Edu-business
, 5, 163

Education
, 20, 111, 144, 154, 201

AI across
, 180–192

export business
, 3

markets
, 5

policy
, 139

primary and secondary
, 113

Education for All Global Monitoring Report (see Global Education Monitoring Report (GMR))

Educational Big Data governance
, 24–28

Educational borrowing and lending
, 158

Educational brokers
, 28

Educational data
, 24

educational data-driven governance
, 23

governance
, 25–26

Educational data mining (EDM)
, 238–239, 253

Educational Department
, 220

Educational fundamentalism
, 18

Educational intelligence
, 1–3, 6, 17, 22, 27, 34–35, 52, 88, 145–146, 164, 200, 201, 203, 209–212, 236

Big Data
, 17–18

in CIE
, 18–22

educational Big Data governance
, 24–28

in era of data servitization
, 23–24

interwoven worlds of
, 245–246

methodology
, 165–166

theoretical framework
, 164–165

Web of Battelle
, 166–170

Educational intelligent economy
, 1–4, 7, 28, 34, 37, 62, 89–90, 217

digital competency, literacy and
, 113–115

EU policy challenges in
, 210–211

Haunted data of
, 226–228

scenarios within educational intelligent economy future
, 91–100

technology and
, 115–122

Educational policy-making
, 16

Educational programs
, 181

Educational regionalism
, 18

Educational technology (EdTech)
, 148

Educators, implications of LA for
, 261–264

Educators use technology for tasks
, 162–163

EDUCAUSE
, 253, 260–261, 263

Edusphere
, 239

Electronic colonialism theory
, 37

Electronic colonialism to digital frontierism
, 40–44

Employability
, 154

Energy storage
, 89

England’s Higher Education Funding Council’s funding
, 260

Enrollment rates
, 152

Epistemic communities
, 39–40

ePrivacy Regulation
, 203–204

European “science” of pedagogy
, 52

European Commission
, 111, 208, 210, 211

European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT)
, 209

European policy space for data regulation with global implications
, 203–205

European Statistical Office (EUROSTAT)
, 203

European Statistical System
, 203

European Training Foundation (ETF)
, 115

European Union (EU)

as case for comparison in era of big data
, 202–203

competing policy narratives
, 205–210

Data Protection Directive
, 203

further research directions
, 211–212

policy challenges in educational intelligent economy
, 210–211

policy riposte to unrestrained data flows
, 200–201

“Evidence-based” decision-making
, 75

Exceptional Student Experience Initiative
, 259

Experience economy
, 24

Facebook
, 16

Fast policy
, 135

Federal Automated Vehicles Policy
, 182

Fine grain of practice
, 91–93

First International Conference
, 257

First International Mathematics Study (FIMS)
, 19

FISITA (International Federation of Automotive Engineering Societies)
, 184

Fitness App Polar
, 16

Flipped curriculum
, 154

Formative Instructional Practices (FIP)
, 169

Forward looking
, 88

Fourth Industrial Revolution
, 6, 16, 89, 128, 130–132, 144, 157, 201

Fragmentation
, 205–210

Freelance economy
, 24

Fulbright Teacher Exchange
, 121

Fundamental inequality, principle of
, 221

Funding
, 163–164

Gender Equality Scorecard (GE Scorecard)
, 29n14

General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)
, 23

General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
, 5, 24, 118, 203, 205, 209

General documents about ethos
, 98–99

General Education Management Systems (GEMS)
, 163

General equilibrium effects
, 79

Generalizability lack in RCTs
, 78

Generalized linear mixed models
, 137

Geo-mapping
, 156

Geopbyte
, 16

Gig-economy
, 24

Global Education Inc.
, 6

Global education industry (GEI)
, 27

Global Education Monitoring Report (GMR)
, 22

Global education study
, 169–170

Global governance of education
, 70

impact evaluation
, 70–71

methodological limitations of impact evaluation
, 71–80

Global North
, 7, 34–36, 40, 43, 46–47, 217

Global South
, 7, 36, 40, 43, 224

Google
, 23, 163, 183

Governance

in CIE
, 18–22

in era of data servitization
, 23–24

Governing clouds
, 236–237

Governing rationalities
, 132–135

Government policies
, 119–122

Governments
, 260–261

Grades
, 156

Group differences
, 77

Groupminds
, 246n3

Hauntology
, 226

Hazelwood East High School in St. Louis
, 153

Hegemonic empire
, 37

Higher education (HE)
, 252–253

Higher education institutions (HEIs)
, 252

Higher education managers and administrators
, 257–259

Hive mind
, 236, 247n7

Horizons Report
, 258

Huddersfield University
, 255

Human algorithmic boundary-making assemblages
, 53

Human Nature Club, The (Thorndike)
, 63n1

Human-To-Machine (H2M)
, 148

Humanitarian ends
, 235

Ideological innumeracy
, 139

IEA’s large-scale international assessment (ILSA)
, 19, 58–59, 63n3

Immersive AIEd
, 245

tutoring
, 238

Impact evaluation
, 70–71

attribution
, 71–72

methodological limitations of
, 71

RCTs
, 75–80

regression analysis
, 72–75

Imperialism
, 40

Inclusion
, 45

Independent Learning Centre (ILC)
, 145, 155

Independent variables
, 72

Individualization
, 153

Industrial megamachine
, 236

Industry 4. 0
, 16, 128

Influential policy-informing entities
, 7

Information and communication technology (ICT)
, 20, 202

Information barriers
, 205

Information Technology (IT)
, 144, 183

Infra-spectrality
, 226

“Integrity awareness and creditworthiness” of Chinese people
, 242

Integrity collapse
, 243

Intelligence
, 52

of educational intelligent economy
, 223

intelligence-as-information
, 52–53

Intelligence Unleashed
, 238

Intelligent data
, 37

Intelligent economy
, 16, 27, 89, 162

Intelligent environments
, 245

Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS)
, 144, 152

Intentional deployment of Big Data
, 4

Interactive governance
, 29n15

International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS)
, 20

International Civic and Citizenship Study (ICCS)
, 20

International comparative target achievements (ICTA)
, 27

International Educational Data Mining Society
, 257

International Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA)
, 18, 28

data collection and
, 18–20

International Federation of Automotive Engineering Societies
, 184

International Labour Organisation (ILO)
, 115

International large-scale assessments (ILSAs)
, 53

International Monetary Fund
, 18

Internet
, 89

Internet for All initiative
, 237–238

Internet of Things (IoT)
, 89, 128, 144, 200, 206, 208

Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR)
, 43

Jeanes School
, 221–222, 226–227

JISC CETIS Analytics Series of publications
, 260–261, 263

Joint Research Centre (JRC)
, 119

Journal of Learning Analytics Research
, 255

Kenya Colony’s Education Department
, 220

Killer robots
, 189, 191

Knowledge economy
, 206

Knowledge-based economy
, 28, 162

Knowledge-based enterprise
, 27

Lamarckian impressibility
, 220

Learner role
, 91–94

Learning
, 90

management
, 112

self-regulation of
, 114

skills
, 24

Learning analytics (LA)
, 53, 59, 115, 252–254

charitable foundations, technology networks, and governments
, 260–261

commercialization and commodification
, 259–260

community of research and practice
, 256–261

drivers of learning analytics development
, 256–261

higher education managers and administrators
, 257–259

“new” about
, 55–57

past, present, and future
, 252

in practice
, 254–256

for students, educators, and administrators
, 261–264

Learning management systems (LMS)
, 144, 259

Lex specialis
, 203

Libertarian paternalism
, 223

Lifelong learning
, 111–112, 114, 117–118

partners
, 238

Literacy
, 113–115

Little analytics
, 56

Loughborough University
, 255

Machine learning
, 53, 62, 110, 115, 144, 146–152, 154, 246n4

on education policy and practice
, 234

Machine-To-Machine (M2M)
, 148

Manchester Metropolitan University
, 255–256

Market fundamentalism
, 22

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)
, 23, 110–111, 113, 121, 144

Master Algorithm
, 236

Materials science
, 89

Measurement systems
, 262

Megamachine
, 236, 239

Mental development
, 220

Mental labor
, 54

Meta-governance
, 29n18

Meta-steering
, 26–27

Metro Early College High School (MECHS)
, 168

Metro Institute of Technology (MIT)
, 168

Microsoft Corporation
, 163

Microsoft Word
, 113

Minds
, 54

Hive
, 236, 247n7

models
, 53

MindSphere
, 236

ML+AI in Educational Technology
, 148

Mobile applications
, 243

Modus operandi
, 17

governance
, 23–24

Moral ends
, 235

Multidimensional Adaptive Assessment
, 94

Multilevel and longitudinal linear modeling
, 137

Multimedia industries
, 40

Multinational corporations
, 163

Multiple-choice assessments
, 111

Mumford’s dystopic machine, humanism of
, 246

Nanotechnology
, 89

National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)
, 170, 173

National Center for Education Statistics (NCES)
, 19

National education systems
, 27–28

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
, 182

National Science Board (NSB)
, 168

National Science Foundation (NSF)
, 34, 44–46, 168

Native men
, 221–222

Neocolonial discourses
, 35

Neocolonialism
, 40

Neoliberal scientism
, 44–46

Network

ethnographic analysis
, 165

governance
, 29n16

Neural network
, 62

Neuroengineering
, 92

Neuromancer
, 246n5

New Story of Stone, The (Wu Jianren)
, 241

“New Taylorism”
, 26

New Zealand
, 88

“Non-cognitive” universalizations
, 58–60

Non-educational players
, 28

Non-profit organizations
, 8

Non-spatial process
, 25

Noosphere
, 236, 239

North American educational providers
, 144

Nottingham Trent University
, 255

Nudges
, 223

O*Net
, 183

Office of Educational Technology on analytics in education
, 260

Ohio State University (OSU)
, 167–168

Ohio STEM Learning Network (OSLN)
, 168

Omega point
, 236

“On demand economy”
, 24

Ontario Secondary School Diploma (OSSD)
, 155

Open learning management systems
, 23–24

Open Method of Cooordiantion (OMC)
, 29n17

Open talent economy
, 24

Operational Technology (OT)
, 144

Optimization logics
, 60

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
, 20–22, 28, 70, 115, 202

Organizational forgetting
, 99–100

Organizational management theories
, 223

Partners in Learning program
, 163

Partnerships for International Research and Education (PIRE)
, 46

Paternalistic articulations
, 222

Pedagogy
, 90

Pedagogy of relatedness”
, 94

Perceptron
, 53

and change
, 60–63

Performance-based governance systems
, 29n19

Personal Learning Environments (PLE)
, 24

Personalizations
, 56

Personalized knowledge
, 112

Persuasive technology
, 239

Philanthropy
, 163

“Place-based” teaching modes
, 24

Planning Outline for Construction of Social Credit System, The (2014–2020)
, 243

Policy-relevant knowledge
, 70, 75

Poundbury project
, 98

Poverty
, 227

“Predict and control” narratives
, 56

Predictive analytics
, 53, 56, 216

Predictive Analytics Reporting (PAR)
, 260

Predictive Analytics Research Framework
, 255

Private organizational involvement
, 164

Private sector
, 162, 167

Product-as-a-service providers
, 23

Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)
, 3, 7, 21, 58–59, 62, 70, 73–75, 113, 122, 170, 173, 238

Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC)
, 3, 21–22, 134

Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS)
, 20, 170, 173

Prose literacy data
, 21

Public Library of Science (PLOS)
, 43

Public or charitable investment
, 261

Quantitative literacy data
, 21

Quantitative methods
, 70, 71–72, 75

Quantitative techniques
, 135

Quantum computing
, 89

Randomization
, 75, 77

Randomized control trials (RCTs)
, 75–76

group differences
, 77

lack of generalizability
, 78

unbiasedness and impact
, 77–78

variance of treatment effects
, 78

Rational actors
, 23

“Ravaging” anti-colonial movements
, 35

“Real-time” assessment
, 59

“Real-time” learning analytics
, 60

Recidivism
, 191

Reclaim colonialism
, 35

Red, Amber, Green ratings (RAG ratings)
, 255

Regression analysis
, 72–75

Report on Government Work (2015)
, 241

“Research”
, 41

Reterritorialization
, 25

Right to Repair movement
, 187–188

Robotic process automation (RPA)
, 145

Robotics
, 89

School design
, 94–96

School reforms
, 219–222

for Africa
, 216

School website

analysis
, 99

coding
, 104–105

Schooling
, 20, 90

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
, 19, 144, 151, 166

Learning Networks across US
, 169

Scientization
, 165

2nd AI for Good Global Summit
, 237–238

Second Information Technology in Education Study (SITES)
, 20

Second International Mathematics Study (SIMS)
, 19

Self in Confucianism
, 244

“Self-driving car” engineering
, 182, 185, 187

Self-regulation of learning
, 114

Sharing economy
, 24

Sharing Research Data
, 42

Signals Project
, 255

“Single-layer” perceptron
, 62

Slack resources
, 100

Smart Cities
, 240–246

Smart governance
, 235

under benevolent AI clouds
, 235–240

Smart Schools
, 240–246

Smart technologies
, 5

Snowball sampling
, 165

Social

credit
, 240–246

justice
, 35

physics
, 54–56

social-commercial behavior ratings
, 242

transition
, 243

Socialist Core Values
, 241

Society for Learning Analytics Research (SoLAR)
, 257

Sociological neo-institutionalism
, 164–165

Sociology
, 220

Sociotechnical assemblages
, 53–54

Sovereign individuals
, 236

“Spaghetti bowl” of educational governance
, 26

Spatiotemporal data
, 28n5

Spillover effects
, 77

Spiritual transcendence
, 228

STEMx
, 169

Challenge Grant Program
, 169

STEMxChange annual conference
, 169

STEMxSuperstars
, 169

Structural objectivity
, 57–58

Student

implications of LA for
, 261–264

records
, 253

student-as-customer model
, 18

success
, 252, 255

Student Experience® Survey
, 169

Subjectification
, 54

Sui generis phenomenon
, 6

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
, 27, 234

Swarm intelligence
, 247n7

Synthesis of Optical Materials for Bioapplications: Research, Education, Recruitment and Outreach (SOMBRERO)
, 46

Systems-thinking
, 56

Taoism
, 234, 240

Teacher

psychological principles of teacher reflection
, 225

role
, 91–94

Teacher Education and Development Study in Mathematics (TEDS-M)
, 20

Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS)
, 21

Techno-solutionism
, 25

Technological/technology

advancements
, 35–36

change
, 182

and educational intelligent economy
, 115–122

networks
, 260–261

technological-driven disruption
, 27

Territorializiation
, 25

Textual analysis
, 151

Theories of cognition
, 61

Thinking devices
, 205

Thinking machine
, 236

3-D printing
, 89

Time-stamped datum
, 28n3

Top-down approach
, 39

Top-performing systems
, 170

Totalitarian utopia
, 237

Traditional “stop-and-start” approaches
, 238

Trans-individual intention
, 224

Transcendence through technology
, 234, 236

Transnational school reforms

colonial residues in data-driven reforms
, 228–229

data as infra-spectral and algorithmic governance of difference
, 222–226

haunted data of “educational intelligent economy”
, 226–228

school reforms and colonial difference
, 219–222

ungrounding data’s colonial residues
, 218–219

Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS)
, 3, 7, 19, 73, 113, 122, 170, 173, 238

Tribal consciousness
, 227

Truth-as-data
, 226

Twitter
, 23

Uber
, 23, 183

UN’s Education 2030 agenda
, 235

on bright lights and dark shadows
, 235–237

smarter global governance
, 237–240

Unbiasedness and impact
, 77–78

UNESCO
, 22, 28

Ungrounding data’s colonial residues
, 218–219

United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
, 22

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
, 22

United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)
, 22

University of London Computing Centre
, 256

University of Washington Tacoma
, 255

US Department of Education
, 260

Utopia-dystopia dialectics
, 235

Variety
, 115–116

Velocity
, 115–116

Virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR)
, 144, 151–152

Virtual learning environments (VLE)
, 144, 253, 259

Vision for future
, 111–112

Volume
, 115–116

Volume, variety, and velocity (3Vs)
, 25, 37–38, 63n3

Volume, Variety, Velocity, Value, Veracity (five V’s)
, 37–38

Walmart
, 128

War-inspired Operations Research and American cybernetics
, 52

Web analytics
, 253

Web of Battelle
, 166–167, 171

Center for Science, Engineering, and Public Policy
, 167–168

Education
, 167

FIP
, 169

global education study
, 169–170

for Kids
, 167

MECHS
, 168

Memorial Institute
, 166

OSLN
, 168

STEM Learning Networks across US
, 169

Student Experience® Survey
, 169

Workforce development policymakers
, 135

Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (2014)
, 135

World Bank
, 18

World Education for All (WCEFA)
, 22

World Education Services (WES)
, 156

Yottabytes
, 16

Zettabytes
, 16

Prelims
Introduction: The Educational Intelligent Economy, Educational Intelligence, and Big Data
Part I: (Re)Conceptualizing Data in Comparative and International Education
Chapter 1: Big “G” and Small “g”: 
The Variable Geometries 
of Educational Governance in an Era of Big Data
Chapter 2: The Educational Intelligent Economy and Big Data in Comparative and International Education Research: A Decolonial Vision
Part II: Revisiting Methodologies
Chapter 3: The Perceptron: A Partial History of Models and Minds in Data-Driven Educational Systems
Chapter 4: Best Practices from Best Methods? Big Data and the Limitations of Impact Evaluation in the Global Governance of Education
Chapter 5: What if Compulsory Schooling was a 
21st Century Invention?
Part III: Workforce Participation, Transformation, and Industry 4.0
Chapter 6: The Educational Intelligent Economy – Lifelong Learning – A vision for 
the future
Chapter 7: Humanistic, Innovative Solutionism: What Role do 
Data Analytics Play in Developing a More Responsive and More Intelligent Adult and Workforce Education Policy?
Chapter 8: Data Mining and Predictive Analytics in Digital Education: Lessons We can Learn from Big Data that are Often Discarded
Chapter 9: The Intricate Web of Educational Governance: The Cyborg Dialectic and Commodification of Knowledge
Chapter 10: Engineering the Mechanism/Repairing the Robot: Artificial Intelligence at the Intersection of Education and Industry
Part IV: Case Studies
Chapter 11: Policy Development for an Educational Intelligent Economy in the European Union: An Illusory Prospect?
Chapter 12: Haunted Data: The Colonial Residues of Transnational School Reforms in Kenya
Chapter 13: Brave New World(s): Governing Clouds, Smart Schools, and the Rise of AIEd
Chapter 14: Learning Analytics for Student Success at University: Trends and Dilemmas
Index