Index

Cross-nationally Comparative, Evidence-based Educational Policymaking and Reform

ISBN: 978-1-78743-768-5, eISBN: 978-1-78743-767-8

ISSN: 1479-3679

Publication date: 3 July 2018

This content is currently only available as a PDF

Citation

(2018), "Index", Wiseman, A.W. and Davidson, P.M. (Ed.) Cross-nationally Comparative, Evidence-based Educational Policymaking and Reform (International Perspectives on Education and Society, Vol. 35), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 329-344. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-367920180000035014

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2018 Emerald Publishing Limited


INDEX

AAFAQ
, 257–258

objectives
, 258f

Abstract nouns, usage
, 245

Abu Dhabi Chamber of Commerce and Industry
, 209

Abu Dhabi Education Council (ADEC)
, 201, 209

Academic freedom/research, restriction
, 65

Achievement gaps, reasons
, 222–223

Adequate Yearly progress (QYP)
, 14

Agenda-setting activities
, 25

Al Saad Al Sabah, Fadya (11th Scientific Contest)
, 284–285

Annual National Assessments (ANAs)
, 73

implications
, 92–95

preparation/administration
, 88–92

Annual National Assessments (ANAs) policy

analysis
, 71, 87–95

context
, 82–84

description
, 81–87

implementation process
, 73

process
, 86–87

stakeholders, impact
, 84–85

top-down approach
, 79–81

Arab Bureau of Education for the Gulf States
, 279

Arabic

books/journals, USAID donations
, 62

importance
, 250

Arab League Education, Cultural, and Scientific Organization
, 278

Arab region, higher education

assessment tools
, 50–51

Egypt

problem, statement
, 57–58

public/private universities
, 51–54

literature review
, 59–65

private universities

public universities, contrast
, 58

strengths/weaknesses
, 56–57

quality
, 47

research questions
, 59

Arab Republic of Egypt, strategic location
, 47–48

Arab Spring
, 49

Assessment infrastructure
, 8

Attrition rate
, 212

Backward mapping model
, 80f

Bahrain

GCC country status
, 49

international comparison
, 229t

Bangladesh

analysis
, 133

coordination, absence
, 136

corruption
, 136–137

focus, shift
, 133–135

input control, emphasis (reduction)
, 135–136

inspection systems, challenges
, 153t

management reforms
, 133–135

Benchmarking
, 75–76, 213

communities
, 12–13

process
, 220–222, 233

Big data for development (BD4D)
, 25

Big data, UN approach
, 26–28

Big international nongovernmental organizations (BINGOs)
, 162

Branding
, 33

decentralization, impact
, 308

Brazil

federal budget funds for state and municipal schools (FUNDEF)
, 308

OECD perspective
, 312–313

student performance
, 308

System for Basic Education Assessment (SAEB)
, 308

World Bank cooperation
, 307

Brazil, China, and Russia (BCR)

political power/economic resources
, 303

school education, quality assurance/evaluation
, 301

Cambodia
, 142–144

educational reforms, coordination (absence)
, 142–144

inspection, opposing view
, 144

inspection systems, challenges
, 153t

Canonical learning, cross-national shift
, 167

Capacity building
, 8

Career decisions
, 177

Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS)
, 54, 66

Central social turn
, 181–182

Centre for Higher Education Data and Statistics (CHEDS)
, 207–208

CHEDS Project
, 208–210

creation
, 197–199

decree
, 215–216

data elements
, 211t

impact
, 208

indicators
, 208, 212

jurisdictional question
, 213

variables/indicators
, 210–212

China.
, See Brazil, China, and Russia

OECD perspective
, 313–314

World Bank, impact
, 309–310

Coercive isomorphism
, 105–106

Cognitive Development Program.
, See Oman

Commission for Academic Accreditation (CAA)

branch campuses
, 202

data requests, comparison
, 203t

KHDA, overlap
, 203

statement verification
, 207

Common Data Set (CDS) Initiative
, 200–201, 209

Commonwealth of Independent State (CIS), educational assistance
, 306

Communicate competence
, 257

Competences
, 179t

attention, shift
, 174–175

skills/motivation/attitudes, relationship
, 177

Core curriculum, emergence
, 174

Countries, TIMSS participation
, 279–280

Country-specific information, cross-country/international average comparisons (empirical study)
, 228–231

Critical Discourse Analysis
, 241–242

Cross-country comparative analysis, methodology
, 222

Cross-curriculum competences
, 174, 175t

Cultural transformations
, 164–165

Cultures, conscious interaction
, 250

Curriculum

attention, shift
, 174–175

de-territorialization/denationalization
, 166–167

Curriculum Department Centre for Development (CDCD)
, 245

ELT Section, examples
, 246f

Data-based policy
, 13

Data collection

arrangement, weaknesses
, 205–207

methods (UAE), diversity
, 203–205

Data-driven policy, path
, 13–14

Data-informed policy
, 16

Data, legitimacy
, 6–7

Decentralization

domains
, 115t

impact
, 308

trend
, 105

Department of Basic Education (DBE)

performance information provision
, 75–76

policy authority
, 79

teacher unions, coalition
, 73

Developing countries

comparison
, 103

education quality, maintenance
, 137–138

NPM practice, growth
, 129

participation, growth
, 74

primary social attainment
, 110

SBM/autonomous school management system, application
, 132

school effects
, 224

Developing economies, analysis
, 127

country cases, analysis
, 133–152

inspection system, challenges
, 153t

methodology
, 129–130

Developing Skills for Innovative Growth in the Russian Federation report
, 306–307

Development assistance
, 305

Digital policy networks/language functions
, 23–25

Discourse

analysis
, (See Critical Discourse Analysis)

meta-communicational aspects
, 23

Dubai Health Care City (free zone)
, 202

Dubai International Academic City (DIAC)
, 202

data requests

categories, overlap
, 205t

comparison, 2013t

example, calculation exercise
, 205t

management, data submissions
, 204

survey
, 206

Dubai International Financial Centre (free zone)
, 202

Dubai Knowledge Park
, 202

Economic development, complexity/dynamics
, 173

Editorial competitions
, 282, 283–284

Education

achievement gaps, accounting
, 223–225

big data
, 26–27

decentralization

domains
, 115t

trend
, 105

empowerment/equality, relationship
, 31

empowerment, relationship
, 176

evidence-based decision making, usage
, 103

international organizations (IOs), involvement
, 162

IO perspective
, 164

policy

discourse
, 24

documents
, 7

lobbyists, financial contributions
, 10–11

social media, usage
, 31

sector, organizational culture (reform)
, 131

statistics, UOE database
, 199

supervision, reforms (theoretical overview)
, 130–132

universality
, 174

Educational agenda

change
, 171f

phases, shift
, 167–171

Educational assessment
, 169

discussion
, 178–183

findings
, 172–178

international organizations, psychological turn
, 161

methodology
, 171–172

Educational data mining (EDM)
, 6–7

Educational district offices (EDOs)
, 115t

functions, scope/depth
, 117

policies, realities (contrast)
, 116–117

structure, functions (contrast)
, 116

Educational equipment, UNICEF development
, 62

Educational expansion
, 172–174

rationales
, 164–167

waves
, 182

Educational goals
, 179t, 305

Educational intervention, target
, 173

Educational quality
, 305

assurance instruments
, 128

benchmarking
, 225–226

control, absence
, 149

quantitative measures
, 5, 15

Educational resource centers (ERCs)
, 115t

functions, scope/depth
, 117

policies, realities (contrast)
, 116–117

structure, functions (contrast)
, 116

Education Enhancement Project, faculties
, 63

Education for all (EFA)

indicators
, 168

initiative
, 162, 178

Education policymaking, globalization (impact)
, 303

Egypt

Arab Republic of Egypt, strategic location
, 47–48

brain drain
, 62

job market, high tech competent labor (absence)
, 64–65

Ministry of Higher Education, Strategic Planning and Project Management Unit projects
, 62–63

public/private Egyptian universities, historical background
, 51–53

United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Arabic book/journal donations
, 62

universities, academic freedom/research (restriction)
, 65

Egypt, higher education

literature

gap
, 65

review
, 59–65

problem, statement
, 57–58

quality
, 59

research

data collection
, 66–67

methodology
, 66–67

questions
, 59

sector, evolution/history
, 59

Egyptian-Swiss Fund for Development, primary education amelioration
, 62

Egyptian Technical Colleges Project
, 63

Emerging economies, analysis
, 127

country cases

analysis
, 133–152

inspection system, challenges
, 153t

methodology
, 129–130

Enacted curriculum
, 242

English language teaching (ELT)

21st Century for All School Levels, policy
, 254f

policy
, 241

school levels Post-21st Century
, 253–257

school levels Pre-2001
, 245–247

role
, 254

Section (CDCD), examples
, 246f

teachers, impact
, 258–260

teaching/learning identities
, 242

English policy
, 258

Environmental geography, concepts
, 281–282

Equality of Educational Opportunity (Coleman)
, 223

Equivalent full-time student load (EFTSL)
, 212

European Union (EU), cross-curriculum competences
, 174, 175t

Evaluation and assessment
, 128

phase
, 50

practice
, 150

Evidence-based decision making, usage (reason)
, 103

Evidence-based policy, rhythmic application
, 1

External comparison, institutionalization
, 9–11

Externally driven internal accountability, problem
, 11–13

Faculty Leadership Development Project, concentration
, 63

Family socioeconomic status (SES), impact
, 223

Fast Track Initiative
, 168

Federal budget funds for state and municipal schools (FUNDEF)
, 308

Flagship publications
, 172

Flying visits
, 148

Free zones, creation
, 201–202

GCI sample, performers
, 65

General Agency for the Eradication of Illiteracy and Adult Education Overseas, illiteracy extermination campaign
, 61

Georgia

decentralization

domains
, 115t

trend
, 105

education

international indicators
, 110–111

reforms
, 103–104

education-related indicators
, 110

regional administrative units
, 115

school boards of trustees (SBTs)
, 118

school decentralization process

comparison
, 101

context
, 109

discussion
, 113–114

qualitative overview
, 111–112

quantitative overview
, 110–111

theoretical framework
, 105–108

school governance
, 118–120

South Africa, comparison
, 109t

Girls, education
, 21

agenda
, 35–36

policy discourses, production
, 24

Global assessment initiatives
, 233

Global Campaign for Education Millennium Development Goals
, 171

Global Competitiveness Index
, 64–66

Global education

event
, 172

governance/effects
, 180

IOs, impact
, 163

Globalization, impact
, 303

Global Partnership for Education
, 168

Global policies, application (feasibility)
, 226

Global Pulse
, 27–28

visualization description
, 30

Global society, individual (cult)
, 182

Governance
, 179–180

reforms
, 127

GRM
, 293–294

Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)

Al Saad Al Sabah, Fadya (11th Scientific Contest)
, 284–285

comparison
, 281

countries, defining
, 49

education quality, improvement
, 47

Middle East/North Africa, comparison
, 49–50

Gulf countries

performance, problems
, 222

TIMSS results
, 229

Hashtags, cognitive/interactional framing functions
, 24

Heyneman-Loxley Effect
, 224

Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) method, usage
, 222

Higher education

data collection
, 201–202

indicators, development
, 197

large-scale databases, overview
, 199–201

problem, statement (Egypt)
, 57–58

quality
, 47

sector, reform efforts
, 62

Higher Education Enhancement Project Fund
, 62

Higher Education Landscape in Dubai, The (KHDA)
, 206

Higher Education Reform Strategy (HERS)
, 62–63

Human capital

individual empowerment, relationship
, 166–167

nation-state building, relationship
, 165–166

Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) tests
, 81

Importance-performance (I-P) analysis, usage
, 66

India
, 137–142

goals, problems
, 137–140

inspection system, inefficiency
, 140–141

inspection systems, challenges
, 153t

inspector-school ratio
, 139t

private-aided secondary schools, supervision (inspector-school ratio)
, 139t

schools

consequences
, 141–142

inspectors, inspection/duties duration (comparison)
, 138t

senior secondary schools, supervision (inspector-school ratio)
, 139t

teachers, perceptions
, 141

Individual cult
, 182

Individual empowerment
, 161

human capital, relationship
, 166–167

Individual psychosocial development/empowerment
, 170–171

Information and communications technology (ICT)
, 48–49

Information and Decision Support Center (IDSC)
, 54, 66

Information Communication Technology Project
, 62

In-service teachers, communication
, 281

Inspection systems, challenges
, 153t

Institute of International Education (IIE), large-scale international study
, 200

Institutional framework
, 3–5

Institution of higher education (HEI)
, 207–208, 215

Integrated large-scale assessments (ILSAs), proliferation
, 169f

Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS)

comparison
, 209

national level collection process
, 200

Inter-faith dialogue, King Juan Carlos chairmanship
, 256

Intergovernmental organizations (IGOs)
, 162

International assessments
, 75–76

aims/goals
, 220–222

challenges/problems
, 231–232

understanding/addressing
, 232–234

data/methodology
, 222–223

discussion
, 232–234

findings
, 231–232

local testing, examples
, 220

theoretical/conceptual framework
, 223–226

International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA)
, 279

PIRLS
, 228

Third International Mathematics and Science Study
, 227–228

International best practice, messages
, 302–303

International branch campus
, 198, 202, 213

International education projects, usage
, 226

International LSAs
, 179–180

International Monetary Fund (IMF), employee role
, 181

International nongovernmental organizations (INGOs)
, 171, 199

International organizations (IOs)

documents, sample
, 187–195

educational agenda

change
, 171f

phases, shift
, 167–171

educational documents
, 179t

education involvement
, 162

psychosocial aspects
, 179t

psychosocial turn
, 182

structural educational expansion, resonance
, 163

International Standard Classification of Education
, 168

IRBD loans, usage
, 309

Islamic faith, spread
, 250

Islamic Sciences, concept (discourse)
, 245

Islamic State, notion
, 243

Islamization

consistency
, 246

position, weakness
, 250

weaknesses
, 247

ISO-9000, usage
, 60

Isomorphism.
, See Coercive isomorphism; Mimetic isomorphism

Jandriah festival
, 259

Job market, high tech competent labor (absence)
, 64–65

KAU, pedagogy
, 258–260

Key competences
, 174

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)

context
, 241, 242

curriculum development program, Tatweer general objectives
, 251f

education
, 242–243

Ministry of Education (MoE)

10-Year Plan (2004-2014)
, 248f

ELT policies
, 245–246

general policy documents
, 247–253

General Policy, vision/perspectives/aspirations (2007-2013)
, 249f

Policy Document
, 244f

policy document (AAFAQ) 2007-2032
, 257–258

Policy Document Post-2001, analysis (Ten-Year Plan)
, 247–253

network of practices
, 245

policy documents, analysis
, 243–247

unified curriculum initiative
, 252

Knowledge and Human Development Agency (KHDA)
, 201

CAA, overlap
, 203

data requests, comparison
, 203t

Higher Education Landscape in Dubai, The,
, 206

requirements
, 204

student enrollment
, 204t

Knowledge bank
, 304

Kuwait

GCC country status
, 49

PIRLS/TIMSS score
, 230

Labor market
, 252

demand
, 68

entry/integration
, 48, 54, 177

outcomes
, 111

Large-scale achievement testing
, 161

Large-scale assessment (LSA) systems
, 2

assessment infrastructure
, 8

capacity building
, 8

conceptual framework
, 3–6

data-driven policy, path
, 13–14

external comparison, institutionalization
, 9–11

externally driven internal accountability, problem
, 11–13

institutional framework
, 3–5

transhumanist framework
, 5–6

Large-scale assessment (LSA) testing
, 161

Large-scale databases, overview
, 199–201

Large-scale data, usage
, 75

Learner-centered curriculum
, 247

Learning, intrinsic value
, 196

Lebanese Association of Educational Studies (LAES)
, 200

Lifelong learning (LLL)

concept
, 166

context
, 163, 170

expansion
, 172–174

Loose coupling, example
, 107

Marginalization
, 173–174

Mass educational expansion, rationales (shift)
, 164–167

Meta-competences
, 175

Meta-curriculum, competences
, 180

Micro-blogging, usage
, 25

Micro-policy discourse
, 21, 22–23

discussion/implications
, 41–42

dominant discourse
, 36

girls, education (impact)
, 31–41

parallel pathway
, 37–38

path
, 38–41

Middle East and North Africa (MENA), ranking
, 49

Middle East, GCC (comparison)
, 49–50

Middle Technical Institutes (MTIs), improvement
, 63

Millennium Development Goal (MDG)
, 21

Mimetic isomorphism
, 119–120

Ministry of Education (MoE).
, See Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Ministry of Education and Science (MES)

strategic management
, 111

Ministry of Education Policy Document
, 244f

Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MOHESR)

Federal Law No. 4/yr 1992
, 215

mandate, 2016

representatives
, 209

Ministry of Higher Education, Strategic Planning and Project Management Unit projects
, 62–63

Models schools, setup
, 253

Modernization

presence
, 55

proponents
, 256

My World Survey
, 28–31

SMS Responses
, 29f

National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)
, 12

National Authority for Quality Assurance and Accreditation of Education (NAQAAE)
, 63

National balanced vision
, 251–252

National Centre for Education Statistics (NCES) surveys
, 200

National economic development, measures
, 224

National educational systems, evidence-based policy (rhythmic application)
, 1

conceptual framework
, 3–6

National education systems, trickle-down effect (UNESCO)
, 200

National higher education indicators, development
, 197

National Integrated Assessment Framework (NIAF)
, 71–73

opportunities
, 95–97

National reporting/assessment, OECD (impact)
, 179–180

National Research Foundation (Buhooth Al Emirates), data collection
, 209

National score

response
, 277

TIMSS average, relationship
, 280–281

National Senior Certificate (NSC)
, 74

Nation-state building
, 164–165

human capital, relationship
, 165–166

Network of practices
, 256

emphasis
, 247

New media

data
, 34

incorporation/impact
, 21–22, 25–26

usage
, 40–41

New Public Management (NPM)

approach, targeted results (achievement)
, 129

elements
, 127

implementation
, 128

situating
, 128

Noble lie
, 78

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)
, 162, 199

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) tests
, 74

North Africa, GCC (comparison)
, 49–50

Not-for-profit organizations
, 199

Oman

competitions
, 282–284

education system, overview
, 278–279

GCC country status
, 49

Ministry of Education, workshop (results)
, 290f

national remedial program
, 277

study, purpose
, 279

PISA participation
, 278–279

TIMSS participation
, 278–281

TIMSS score
, 230

Winners Award
, 285

Oman, Cognitive Development Program
, 281–282

attitudes
, 288–290

competition
, 290–291

documents/interviews
, 286

objectives, achievement
, 291–292

practicality
, 286–287

program tools
, 282–286

questionnaire
, 287

questionnaire, teacher completion
, 287t

recommendations
, 292–293

school atmosphere, relationship
, 289f

students, questionnaire
, 287

studies
, 293

support, extra activities
, 285–286

survey results/discussion
, 288–292

teacher questionnaire
, 295–300

tools
, 288

Oral competitions
, 282, 283

Ordinary Least Squares regression, usage
, 224–225

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

cross-curriculum competences
, 174, 175t

education standards
, 47

policy, advice
, 301

Review for National Policies for Education
, 311

role
, 179–180

societies
, 180

World Bank, comparison
, 310–314

Outcome-based education (OBE)
, 121

curriculum framework
, 103

Persistence rate
, 212

Personality, focus
, 175–178

Policy

borrowing
, 2, 9

reform
, 304

Policy-making

evidence
, 34

positions, direction
, 80

Post-2015 agenda

advocacy/branding
, 33

development
, 31–34

policy, WID approach
, 31–34

digital policy networks/language functions
, 23–25

discussion/implications
, 41–42

engagement
, 33–34

girls, education
, 21

micro-policy discourse
, 31–34

micro-policy discourse
, 21, 22–23

pathways, construction
, 32f

policy constructs, relationship
, 31

Post-2015 girls’ education agenda, tweeting
, 35–36

Post-apartheid South Africa, policy making
, 76–77

Private universities

public universities, contrast
, 58

strengths/weaknesses
, 56–57

Program data request, KHDA student enrollment
, 204t

Program for International Student Assessment (PISA)
, 11, 74, 121

Brazilian student performance, improvement
, 308

country rankings
, 75

data

collection
, 228

concern
, 228–230

Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)
, 169, 220

international education projects, role/significance
, 221

Oman participation
, 278–279

projects, overview
, 226–228

Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS)
, 12, 121, 219

data
, 228–230

international education projects, role/significance
, 221

projects, overview
, 226–228

Progression rate
, 212

Provincial education departments (PEDs)
, 80

EDO operation
, 115–116

Psychologicalization
, 178

Psychological turn
, 161, 181–182

Psychosocial capacities, focus
, 175–178

Psychosocial development/empowerment
, 170–171

Public domain, micro-policy discourse
, 34

Public governmental tertiary education, strengths/weaknesses
, 54–56

Public/private Egyptian universities

analytical comparison
, 53–54

historical background
, 51–53

Public universities, private universities (contrast)
, 58

Qatar

GCC country status
, 49

PIRLS/TIMSS scores
, 230–231

Quality Assurance and Accreditation Project
, 63

Quality assurance and evaluation (QAE)
, 301, 305

mechanisms
, 308

practices
, 311

problematization
, 305

proposal
, 307

World Bank approach
, 309–310

Quality function deployment (QFD) methodology
, 61

Quality of service, provision (assessment)
, 65

Reforming Education in the Regions of Russia report
, 306–307

Regional administrative units
, 115–117

policies, realities (contrast)
, 116–117

structure, functions (contrast)
, 116

Religious/cultural issues
, 260t

Religious indoctrination
, 164–165

Road Not Travelled, The,
, 49–50

Rochester Institute of Technology Dubai (RIT Dubai)
, 202

Russia.
, See Brazil, China, and Russia

development assistance
, 305

external assistance, importance
, 306

OECD Review of National Policies for Education
, 311

QAE practices
, 311

World Bank, impact
, 305–307

Saudi Arabia.
, See Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

GCC country status
, 49

international comparisons
, 231t

Tatweer policy, positivist analysis
, 241

Schematic knowledge, reliance
, 259

School boards of trustees (SBTs)
, 112, 121

School education, quality assurance and evaluation (QAE)
, 301, 305

School governing body (SGB)
, 121

comparison
, 114

establishment
, 118–119

School levels Post-21st Century, ELT policy
, 253–257

School Levels Pre-2001, ELT policy
, 245–247

Schools

basic competency standards
, 14

decentralization process
, 101

governance
, 118–120

modernization
, 111

supervision, governance reforms (effects)
, 127

Scientific experiments, aims
, 284

Scientific management theory (SMT)
, 130–132

Secular nation-state identity, diffusion (consequences)
, 165

Service Quality (SERVQUAL)
, 60–61

problems, mitigation
, 66

questionnaire
, 66

Silicon Oasis (free zone)
, 202

Skills Toward Employment and Productivity (STEP) program
, 169

Social development, complexity/dynamics
, 173

Social media

portfolio
, 45

usage
, 31

Social media sites (SMS)

inclusion
, 29

responses
, 29f

usage
, 25–26

Social networking, usage
, 25

Social studies model
, 166

Socioeconomic criteria
, 173

Socioeconomic status (SES)

impact
, 223

level parent, desire
, 224

South Africa
, 150–152

analysis, backward mapping model (policy making hierarchy)
, 80f

conceptual framework
, 77–79

decentralization

domains
, 115t

trend
, 105

Department of Basic Education (DBE), teacher unions (coalition)
, 73

education

international indicators
, 110–111

reforms
, 103–104

education-related indicators
, 110

Georgia, comparison
, 109t

inspection systems, challenges
, 153t

inspection, teacher opposition
, 151–152

international assessments
, 74–75

National Senior Certificate (NSC)
, 74

New Public Management (NPM), developmental level/institutional capacity (combination)
, 150–151

post-apartheid South Africa, policy making
, 76–77

provincial education departments (PEDs), authority
, 80

regional administrative units
, 115–116

school decentralization process

comparison
, 101

context
, 109

discussion
, 113–114

qualitative overview
, 111, 112–113

quantitative overview
, 110–111

theoretical framework
, 105–108

school governance
, 118–120

school governing boards
, 118–120

top-down approaches, bottom-up approaches (contrast)
, 77–79

South African Schools Act (SASA)
, 104

basis
, 118–119

loose coupling, example
, 107

South Africa tests

policy context
, 82–84

policy description
, 81–87

South East Primary Learning Metrics
, 169

Southern African Consortium for Monitoring Education Quality (SACMEQ)
, 12, 74

regional cross-national assessment
, 82

SACMEQ 3 results
, 82–83

Soviet Union, fall
, 305

Structural educational expansion
, 168

Students

achievements, IO focus
, 170

attainment
, 212

Cognitive Development Program
, 281–282

information sources
, 253

projects
, 282, 284–285

schematic knowledge, usage
, 259

Success rate
, 212

Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)
, 21

System for Basic Education Assessment (SAEB)
, 308

Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER)
, 10–11

Tanzania
, 144–147

inspection systems, challenges
, 153t

teachers, resistance
, 147

Tatweer

discourse (modernization)
, 256

emphasis
, 257–258

general objectives (curriculum development program)
, 251f

modernization
, 256

practice
, 252

project
, 253

religious/cultural issues
, 260

Tatweer policy

MoE general policy, vision (2007-2013)
, 249f

positivist analysis
, 241

Teachers

training, UNESCO support
, 62

weak Islamization role
, 252

Teaching English, general objectives
, 255f

Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL)
, 247

Teaching resources/materials, absence
, 225

Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET)
, 176

TECOM Investments
, 202

Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS)
, 227

data
, 228–230

tests, development
, 234

Total quality management (TQM)
, 60

Transhumanist framework
, 5–6

Travelers’ tales
, 13

Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS)
, 11, 74, 121, 220, 279–280

international education projects, role/significance
, 221

Oman participation
, 278–281

projects, overview
, 226–228

response, Omani national remedial program
, 277

scores
, 281

usage
, 224

Twitter

impact
, 26–27

policy tool
, 25–31

usage
, 22

use features
, 23t

Uganda
, 147–150

flying visits
, 148

follow-up inspection
, 148

inspection systems, challenges
, 153t

national full inspection
, 148

routine/short inspections, partial inspections (equivalence)
, 148

teachers, perspective
, 149–150

UNESCO/OECD/EUROSTAT (UOE) database, compilation
, 199

United Arab Emirates (UAE)
, 49

free zones, creation
, 201–202

graduates, destinations
, 206

higher education

data collection
, 201–205

sector, challenge
, 198–199

institution of higher education (HEI)
, 207–208

lessons/opportunities
, 197

TIMSS/PISA indicators
, 231

United Nations (UN)

new media, relationship
, 25–26

social media portfolio
, 45

Twitter consumption, contextualization
, 25

Twitter usage
, 22

United Nations Department of Public Information (UNDPI)
, 25–26

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
, 47, 278

cross-curriculum competences
, 175t

definitions, trickle-down effect
, 200

early childhood care/education conference
, 168

teacher training support
, 62

United Nations Girls’ Education Initiative (UNGEI)

girls (education), policy discourse (production)
, 24

policy interest areas
, 29

Twitter, usage
, 22

United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), educational equipment development
, 62

United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Arabic book/journal donations
, 62

Universal Annual National Assessments (U-ANAs)
, 73

User-generated social media content, creation/diffusion
, 22

Verification Annual National Assessments (V-ANAs)
, 73

Visualizations, description
, 30

Whole-school evaluation (WSE)
, 151

Women in Development (WID) approach
, 31–32

Woodhouse, David
, 208

World Bank
, 47, 304–310

OECD, comparison
, 310–314

policy, advice
, 301

“Russia—Education in the Transition” report
, 306

tests
, 74

vision
, 310–311

World Development Report (2015)
, 170

World culture theory, impact
, 101

World Education Forum (2016), global education event
, 172

World Education Indicators
, 168