Index

Work-Integrated Learning in the 21st Century

ISBN: 978-1-78714-860-4, eISBN: 978-1-78714-859-8

ISSN: 1479-3679

Publication date: 29 August 2017

This content is currently only available as a PDF

Citation

(2017), "Index", Work-Integrated Learning in the 21st Century (International Perspectives on Education and Society, Vol. 32), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 205-216. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-367920170000032020

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2017 Emerald Publishing Limited


INDEX

Abstraction
, 79

Academic curriculum

period inclusion during practical work
, 4

workplace-related problems in
, 30

Academic outcomes
, 178, 182

Academic performance
, 13, 14, 44

Academic program
, 11–12, 20–21, 25, 59

Academic success
, 47, 121, 184, 186–187

Academic program
, 11–12, 20–21, 117, 120, 121

Academics
, 85, 89–91, 95

enhancement of WIL
, 174

facilitators of professional learning
, 86

removed geographically from placement setting
, 86

repurposable resources, designing of
, 92

teaching resources for
, 92–94

Adaptability skill
, 22, 100

Adaptive innovator See T-shaped professional, concept of

Administrators
, 79, 186

Agentic behaviors of emerging professionals
, 151

Agentic professional
, 150–152

Alternating semesters
, 10

Anxiety
, 47, 86, 178–180, 183, 186

Australian BA programs
, 55, 56, 63

benefits for students
, 58

pressure to generate graduates workforce
, 52

WIL

activities
, 61

contemporary experience
, 61

engagement with
, 52

forms of evident
, 57–58

industry-placement models
, 60–61

work-experiences evident, types of
, 62

Australian higher education, acquisition of vocational outcomes
, 54

Australian universities

liberal arts education in
, 55–56

to meet demands from professions
, 54–55

suppliers of knowledge and knowledge workers
, 54

Australian Wheat Board corruption scandal
, 147, 151

Australian workforce
, 53

Authentic learning
, 36, 42

Autonomy
, 39, 109–110, 151, 179

developing for new work world
, 104

as digital natives
, 104

worker
, 102

Awareness
, 70, 132, 147, 148, 150, 155, 170

Bachelor of Archaeology (BA Archaeology)
, 58

Bachelor of Arts (BA) program
, 52

in Australia
, 55

explicitly supports integration of study
, 56

curriculum structure
, 56

generalist programs
, 52

increasing work-experience opportunities in
, 56

Bachelor of Creative Industries (BCI)
, 60

Baden-Württemberg Cooperative State University (DHBW-Germany)
, 133, 135

Bak–Tang–Wiesenfeld (aka Abelian) sandpile model of self-organizing
, 71

Behavior(s)
, 23, 109, 154, 169

health-risk
, 177

nonverbal
, 132

stress-related maladaptive coping
, 184

verbal
, 132

Behavioral

attributes
, 146, 147, 155

competencies
, 73

dimension
, 132

rupture
, 103

skills
, 146–147

Campus(es)
, 36, 39, 58, 79, 131, 134, 140, 179, 182, 184, 186–187

mental health crisis in
, 179–181

off campus
, 61, 178, 184

on campus
, 62

Campus psychological counselling centers
, 178

Canada-European Union Co-op (CANEU-COOP) program
, 131, 139

benefits for UVic
, 134

funded by Human Resources and Skills Development Canada
, 134

partnership program
, 133–134

research study
, 135

twinning program
, 135

workplace competencies, development of
, 134

Canadian Association for Co-operative Education (CAFCE)
, 29–30

Canadian Bureau of International Education (CBIE)
, 130, 131, 134

Canadian Bureau of International Education 2015 report: A World of Learning
, 141

Canadian postsecondary institutions
, 130

intercultural competency for curriculum development
, 135–137

internationalization, emphasis on
, 131

minority groups in
, 131

See also Canada-European Union Co-op (CANEU-COOP) program

Canadian postsecondary system
, 25

Career actions
, 123, 133

Career aspirations
, 127

Career development
, 7, 9, 121

definition of
, 122

dynamic factors
, 123

HEIs

curriculum development
, 123–124

embedded in
, 122–123

job contributes to organizational objectives
, 123

purpose of
, 123

SA DHET roles and responsibilities on
, 124–125

Career options
, 19, 123

Career patterns
, 123

Career planning
, 121, 123

components of
, 122

definition of
, 122

reality check for students
, 122

Career-ready graduates
, 164

Centre for Advancement of Cooperative Education (WatCACE)
, 135

Change careers
, 12

Cluster analysis
, 77

Cognition
, 132, 166

Cognitive ability(ies)
, 7, 75

Cognitive intelligence (IQ)
, 132

Cognitive technologies
, 70, 72

Collaboration
, 27, 43, 79, 93, 94, 102, 104, 118, 121

Collaborative renewal
, 102

Collaborative trans-disciplinary groups
, 61

College education
, 4

Communication networks
, 102

Communication skill
, 14, 22, 74, 103, 104, 107

Community-based WIL
, 60

Community of practice
, 102, 150, 151, 152

Comprehensive universities
, 117

Confidence
, 70, 75–76, 122, 140, 166–167, 184

Connectedness to school
, 95, 179, 186

Consulting work
, 5

Co-operative (Co-ops)

education programs
, 4, 29–30, 70, 76, 116–117, 125, 134, 137

office
, 121–123

professionals
, 121

students
, 10

Course designers
, 31

CQ-Action
, 132, 135–136

CQ-Drive
, 132, 136, 139

CQ-Knowledge
, 132, 135–136, 139

CQ-Strategy
, 132, 135–136, 139

Creative deconstruction
, 72

Creative destruction
, 70

Creative workers
, 60

Crisis management
, 178

Critical moral agency
, 149, 150, 155, 156

Critical thinker
, 150, 156

Critical thinking
, 146, 150

Cultural differences
, 132, 135–136, 139, 140

Cultural intelligence (CQ)
, 131, 137, 138, 140

definition of
, 130

development of
, 135

dimensions of
, 132

strategy at UVic Co-operative Education Program and Career Services
, 133

Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS)
, 135, 136

Curricular responses
, 20–21

Curriculum
, 14

decolonization of
, 119–121

definition of
, 119

professional identity development, structuring of
, 152–154

Data storage technologies
, 72

Decolonization of curriculum
, 119–121, 126

Deliberate professional
, 91, 148

Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET), South Africa
, 118, 124–125

Depression
, 178–180, 183, 185–186

Design-based thinking
, 61

Digital communications
, 101

impact of
, 107

modes
, 108

proficiency in formats
, 106

skills
, 103

technologies
, 100, 102

Digital information-seeking skills
, 101

Digital literacy
, 89, 90, 94, 102, 104, 107, 110

Digital media
, 101, 103

Digital natives
, 104

Digital platforms
, 104, 106

Digital proficiency
, 104

Digital skills
, 103, 104, 105, 110

Digital spaces
, 102

Digital technology(ies)
, 53, 100–101, 110

advantages of
, 102

assumptions
, 105–107

challenges faced by workplaces
, 103–105

educational institutions integrated
, 102

facilitation of skill acquisition
, 102

WIL assistance in
, 103

Discipline-based teaching
, 31

Discipline-specific technical tasks
, 155

Disruption in employment
, 70–73, 103

Educational dilemmas
, 46

Educational goals
, 59, 168

Educational institutions
, 26, 36, 37–38, 42, 45, 102, 107, 118, 123

Educational program
, 3–4, 45–46, 71

Educators
, 20, 47, 186, 18, 127, 154, 174, 191–192, 194

aims of
, 154

objective in WIL
, 154

postsecondary
, 20

to support student development
, 156

E-learning platforms
, 102

Emerging adult(s)
, 178, 179, 180

Emerging adulthood
, 179

Emerging professionals

agentic behaviors of
, 151

pathways for
, 150

Emotional intelligence (EQ)
, 53, 110, 132

Employability
, 6, 27, 30, 104–105, 124, 126, 178, 191–192

definition of
, 57, 117

skills
, 22, 134

Employers
, 5–6, 31, 36, 78, 117–118, 130, 146, 185

bias regarding skills
, 11

contemporary higher education
, 52

co-operative education work
, 134

demand
, 164

expectation for contemporary higher education
, 52

graduate
, 23

looking for graduates
, 53

responsibilities
, 123

supervisors
, 133

technology impact for students placement
, 106

work experience effect on future work
, 14

Employment
, 5, 57, 63, 178, 180, 191

discrimination
, 123

fulltime
, 12, 63, 179, 181, 183

future
, 9, 13–14, 60

public and private sector
, 26

See also Disruption in employment

Employment and Social Development Canada
, 134

Energy of students
, 167

Entrepreneurial work
, 5, 26, 58, 61, 77

Ethical behaviors
, 53, 147, 149

Ethnic
, 180, 181, 183

European Union
, 134

Examination process
, 38

Experiential learning model, stages of
, 133

Experimentation
, 70, 137

with learning environments
, 79

Fab Labs
, 102

Facebook
, 26, 88

Face-to-face interaction / communication
, 103, 104, 108, 109

Faculty
, 6, 31, 59, 79, 133

Far transfer
, 23

Fatigue
, 165, 166, 167

FH Joanneum University of Applied Sciences (Austria)
, 133, 135

Financial burden
, 179, 180

Flexibility skill
, 22, 58, 61, 146

Formal education
, 32, 36, 37, 38, 39, 44, 47, 84

Formal school-based learning
, 37

Formal training
, 38

Freelancers
, 26

Friend sickness
, 185

Further Education and Training (FET) Colleges
, 124

Good expression
, 53

GPS
, 92, 94

Graduate attributes
, 31, 52, 146, 154

Graduates of higher education, challenges for
, 24

changes in labor market knowledge
, 20–21

multiple career path changes
, 21

nonlinearity of study to work
, 20

rapid changes in work world
, 21–22

See also Skills

Grant-funded research projects
, 60

Health
, 42, 89, 172, 177, 180, 184

Higher education
, 23, 35–48, 53, 74, 117, 123, 146, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 187, 194

in contemporary neoliberal
, 54

criticism of
, 36

depression among students of
, 178

for nurses, work-based learning. See Work-based learning, for nurses in higher education

whole person for success
, 192

Higher Education Institutions (HEIs)
, 79, 116, 181, 187, 194

career planning and development programs embedded in
, 122

in emerging economies

issues
, 119

in South Africa
, 116

categories of
, 117

challenges
, 126

Council on Higher Education recommendations
, 119

decolonization of curriculum
, 120

Higher vocational education (HVE)
, 36, 42–47

See also Work-based learning

Human capital
, 54, 180

Humanities, creative arts, and social science (HASS) disciplines
, 52

Human Resources and Skills Development Canada
, 134

IBM
, 74

Identity
, 86, 87, 148, 149, 152, 154, 184, 185

Immediate outcome WIL program
, 13

Independent professionals
, 26

Independent, The
, 74

Individual dispositions
, 165, 166

Individuals learn
, 164

Industry-commissioned projects
, 60

Industry-placement models
, 61

Informal work-based learning
, 38

Information and communication technologies (ICTs)
, 109

Information literacy
, 102

Innovation
, 53, 70, 102, 106, 169

Integrating

formal education
, 38

school-based education
, 44

workplace learning
, 44

Interactive measurement mode
, 11

Intercultural competency development curriculum (ICDC)
, 135–140

International WIL programs
, 130, 133

CQ development in students
, 135

offered through UVic Co-op program
, 133

Internet
, 87, 102, 104, 106, 107

Internships
, 4, 10, 12, 58, 70, 71, 76, 118, 121, 152

Interpersonal skill
, 22

Intrapreneurship
, 61

Job(s)
, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 27, 60, 73

analysis
, 121

definition of
, 125

role in WIL
, 125–126

creation
, 71

criterial for holding
, 70

disappearances
, 70

future
, 11, 13, 14

growth
, 70–71

held
, 13

level
, 6, 9

loss
, 70

offers
, 9, 11, 13, 125

performance
, 6–7, 9

future
, 14

permanent
, 11

-relevant experience
, 6–7

requires knowledge and skills
, 20–21

satisfaction
, 9, 11

on work term
, 13

seekers
, 21, 23, 26

challenges faced by
, 31

situation in computing
, 74

specification
, 126

See also Disruption in employment; Work-Integrated Learning (WIL) model/program

Journalism
, 57

Knowledge
, 7, 9, 11–15, 19, 22, 24, 26, 27, 31, 36, 40, 44, 86, 110, 192

discipline-based
, 20

discipline-specific
, 58

economies
, 37, 53

employability-specific
, 22

employers
, 23

existing
, 25

labour market
, 20–21

mobilizers
, 25

production
, 48, 53

transfer abilities
, 32

transfer/mobilization
, 22–23, 25, 29

Kolb
, 29, 91, 133, 137, 194

KSAOs
, 9, 13

Leadership
, 7, 27, 31

skills
, 22

student
, 76

Learner(s)
, 24–25, 29, 70, 87, 147, 164–165, 171

access and participation in authentic workplace activities
, 169

acquisition failure
, 22–23

agentic
, 63

engagement
, 28

lifelong
, 20, 27, 191

meaning makers
, 165

postsecondary
, 23

propensity for skill and knowledge transfer
, 28

self-directed
, 30, 93, 108

self-regulatory
, 47

skills to WIL experiences
, 166

Learnerships
, 118

Learning
, 45, 191

to adapt virtual working ways
, 107–108

curriculum
, 37

experiential
, 29

in hybrid spaces
, 85–88

missed opportunities
, 85

past
, 29

reflection tool for
, 155

at work
, 36

in workplace
, 152

See also Work-based learning

Learning in Working Life (LiW)
, 42–44

Legitimate peripheral participation
, 164

LGBTQ + 
, 183

Liberal arts education program
, 51

in Australia
, 55–56, 61

work-integrated learning program
, 56–58

in evolving economy
, 53–54

in neoliberal world
, 54–55

Lifelong learners
, 20, 27

Linked-In
, 26, 100

blogs
, 88

Literacy skill
, 22

Logical thinking
, 53

Loneliness
, 179, 182, 185

Management development
, 7

Measurement mode

definition of
, 10

relation with performance
, 10

Mental distress
, 178

Mental health illness among students

campus crisis
, 179–181

of higher education
, 178

National Union of Students (NUS) survey
, 178

on-campus intervention programs
, 187

participation in WIL program, impact of
, 184–185

pathways to success
, 186–187

sense of belonging
, 182–183

social support
, 181, 183–184

solutions and protective factors
, 181

Metacognition (or notion of thinking about thinking)
, 28, 132

Metacognitive

instructions for learning at work
, 38

learner to use general schema or frameworks
, 29

thinking
, 28, 31

Ministry of South African Education
, 124

Minority students

ethnic
, 180–181

LGBTQ
, 183

Mobile learning (mLearning)

definition of
, 84

in WPL
, 87–88

Mobile technologies
, 84, 85, 87–88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94–95

Mobile Technology Capacity Building (MTCB) framework
, 85, 88–89, 95

associated pedagogical artefacts
, 91–92

dimensions of
, 91–92

teaching resources
, 92–94

Modern workplace
, 149, 152

Monster
, 26

MOOC, e-learning platform
, 102

Moore’s Law
, 71

Motivation
, 7, 9, 47, 61, 93, 132, 148, 167, 169, 182

Multinational corporations
, 131

Multiple job changes
, 21

National Association of Colleges and Employers report
, 12

National Skills Authority (NSA)
, 116

National Skills Development Strategy III (NSDS III)
, 124

National Skills Fund (NSF)
, 116

National Union of Students (NUS)
, 178

Near transfer
, 23, 28

Network capabilities
, 100

Networked communication system
, 103

Networked technologies
, 100-102, 107

New graduates
, 30–31, 80, 147, 180, 194

Nondigital technologies
, 53

North American Industrial Classification (NAIC) system
, 77–78

Numeracy skill
, 22

Nursing training in Sweden
, 39

Occupation(s)
, 7, 10, 53, 57, 72–73, 79, 121, 164, 169

Office for Learning and Teaching (OLT), Australian Government
, 85

Open system thinking
, 79

Organizational behavior
, 101

Organizational skill
, 22

Paid internships
, 4, 12

Peer mentorship
, 181

Peer support
, 87, 181, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187

Personal mobile devices (PMDs)
, 85, 88, 90, 91, 93–95

engagement of students on placement
, 90

students communication with peers
, 90

Photoelicitation
, 171

Placement(s)
, 42, 62, 85–86, 89, 93–94, 100, 106, 125–126, 134, 179

mobile technology use on
, 88

opportunities
, 125

remote working
, 103

sandwich
, 4

WIL
, 105, 107, 121, 136, 152, 155, 166, 168, 171–172

WPL
, 84

Planning skill
, 22

Postsecondary (PSE) education
, 4, 20

career and WIL programs
, 21, 26

curricular outcomes in 21st century
, 27–31

curriculum
, 20–21, 27

focus of
, 26

internationalization in
, 130

learners
, 23

study of applied or professional areas
, 30

Postsecondary educators
, 20

Problem-based learning
, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 46, 47

Professional agency

affordances of structure and cultures
, 151

definition of
, 153

deliberate and reflective decisions of individual
, 151–152

Professional BA
, 58

Professional education
, 47, 48, 84, 164

Professional ethics
, 154, 155, 156

Professional experience year (PEY) program
, 78

Professional identity formation

within accounting and financial planning professionals
, 148

characteristics of
, 149

concepts of
, 149

continually evolving process
, 149

definitional debates
, 149

definition of
, 147, 149

emergent
, 150

product of professional socialization
, 148

professional workplace
, 148

structuring curriculum
, 152–154

work-identity or practice-identity
, 148–149

Professionalism
, 108, 146–149, 192, 194

Profession-ready graduates
, 147, 154–156

Professions-based programs
, 52, 59, 61

Progression
, 21, 43–44

Psychological
, 178–180, 182–183, 185–187

Reflection
, 24, 28, 29, 88, 101, 107, 108, 133, 155

Reflection-on-action
, 155

Reich, Robert
, 78–79

Remote working
, 99

benefits of
, 108

challenges of
, 108–109

face-to-face communication, complications and disadvantages of
, 109–110

Research assistantships
, 4

Research experience
, 60

Research-intensive universities
, 117

Risk-taking
, 70

School-based education
, 42, 44–47

School-based knowledge
, 38

School belongingness
, 179, 182

School-to-work transition(s)
, 23, 108, 177–187

Secondary outcome WIL program
, 9, 12–13

Secretary Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills (SCANS)
, 73–74, 79

Sector Education and Training Authorities (SETAs), South Africa
, 116, 118, 124–125

Self-confidence
, 100, 181, 186

Self-directed
, 23

individuals
, 24

learner
, 24, 27, 93

learning
, 45

skills
, 84

people
, 23

worker
, 23–24

Self-directedness
, 104

Self-direction
, 20, 22–23, 27, 30–32

development of capacity for
, 23–26

Self-efficacy
, 132, 186

Self-knowledge
, 123

Self-management
, 23

Self-regulated
, 24, 26, 47

Sense of belonging, notion of
, 181–187

Sexual minority
, 183, 185

Simon Fraser University’s Bridging Online Co-operative Education preparatory curriculum
, 30

Skill(s)
, 21–22, 27, 31, 58, 192

analytical
, 22, 30

development
, 101, 105, 108, 123

discipline-specific
, 26, 58

explicit acknowledgement of
, 25

gap
, 22–23, 74

industry-specific
, 102

need to explicit to learner
, 24

problem-solving
, 22, 109, 184

requirement
, 20–21, 125

transferable
, 22–23, 25, 30, 31

working
, 37

Social interaction
, 154–155

Social media

marketing
, 107

platforms
, 100, 104

use of
, 100–101

Social networks
, 93, 102, 103, 105, 106

Social support to mental health students
, 181, 183–184

Soft skills
, 102, 107

South Africa (SA)

decolonization of curriculum
, 119–121

unemployment in

impact on HEIs
, 116

National Development Plan (NDP) strategy for
, 116

rate in
, 116

work-integrated learning in

colleges and employers, relationship between
, 118

Council on Higher Education (White Paper)
, 118

development stages
, 117

students enrolled in higher education
, 117

universities, challenges faced by
, 118–119

South African Qualification Authority (SAQA)
, 124

SPOC, e-learning platform
, 102

State-regulated education
, 47

Stress
, 47, 179–187

Structured Learning Report (SLR)
, 38

Student agency, role in WIL spaces creation
, 168–170

visual representations use to enhance
, 170–174

Student confidence
, 167

Student disposition
, 170

shaping of WIL experiences
, 166–168, 174

Student-generated photographs
, 172–173

Student resources
, 91, 94

Suicide, suicidal, suicidality
, 178, 179, 182

System thinking
, 79

Tacit knowledge
, 24

Teaching learners
, 22

Teamwork
, 27, 31, 74, 100, 102, 122, 146

skills
, 22, 24

Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) colleges, South Africa
, 118

Technical skills
, 53, 146

Technological disruptions
, 70, 72–73

Technology deflation
, 70

Teleworking
, 101

Tertiary education
, 4

Time-management skills
, 22

Transactional WIL model
, 58–59

Transfer

capacity development for
, 23–26

skills
, 20, 22, 23, 31, 110

strategy, importance of
, 46

Transformational model of WIL
, 60–63

T-shaped professional, concept of
, 70, 71, 73–75, 79, 80, 193

Twitter hashtags
, 88

Unemployment
, 4–5, 116, 120–121, 126, 180

Unethical behaviors
, 147, 151, 154

Universities of technology
, 117

Universities of Technology, South Africa
, 117

University education
, 4, 84, 164

University of Queensland
, 60

University of Toronto
, 78

University of Victoria (UVic)
, 131, 136

Competency Assessment Module
, 133, 138

Co-operative Education Program
, 137

CQ-Drive demonstration
, 139

intercultural competency development curriculum
, 137–138

strategic plan
, 134

student support for German student
, 139

See also Canada-European Union Co-op (CANEU-COOP) program

University of Waterloo (Canada)
, 10, 133, 135–136

Unpaid work
, 5, 12

Virtual interactions
, 100, 102

Virtual internships, notion of
, 101

Visual representations, role in enhancement of student agency
, 170–174

Vocational skills
, 55

Volunteer work
, 5

Welfare trends
, 123

Wellbeing
, 11, 166, 167–170, 172, 178–180, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 193, 194

Work

-based learning
, 36, 37, 38, 42, 47

consulting
, 5

definition of
, 5

entrepreneurial
, 5

experiences
, 4–15, 30, 42, 47, 48, 56, 58, 60, 62, 63, 100, 117, 118, 119, 123, 126, 131, 138, 154, 155

finders
, 20, 22

groups
, 7

motivation
, 7

new tasks, introduction of
, 11

placements
, 9, 101, 104, 105, 106, 107, 109, 152, 154, 155, 171, 179

primary activity of lives
, 5

readiness
, 101, 105–106, 146, 156, 164, 184

-related attitudes
, 7

-related knowledge
, 37

-specific skills
, 37

unpaid or volunteer
, 5, 12

world
, 21, 100, 101, 104, 106, 110

Work-based learning
, 36, 37, 38, 47, 47

case studies

in higher vocational education
, 42–44

for nurses in higher education
, 38–41

Work experience, concept of
, 3–4

in Australian BA programs
, 62

changing demands of
, 75–80

definition of
, 5–7

dimensions
, 6–7

factors affecting
, 7–9, 12

future research
, 13–14

interactive measures
, 7

and job performance
, 6

measurement
, 6, 7, 11, 190

model of
, 7-10

outcomes of
, 9-13

relation to academic program
, 11

relevance for WIL
, 9-13

See also Work-Integrated Learning (WIL) model/program

Work-Integrated Learning (WIL) model/program
, 3, 26, 39, 48, 52, 70, 76, 103, 116, 178–179, 192

advantages and benefits of
, 6, 119

assumptions
, 105–107

in Australian liberal arts programs
, 56–58

in career planning and development
, 122–125

centrality of
, 164

challenges faced by students
, 101

characteristics of
, 14–15

contribution to career-ready graduates preparation
, 164

culturally diverse workplaces
, 130

decolonization of curriculum
, 120

experiences of students
, 154–155

integrated with workplace experiences
, 130

job analysis role in
, 125–126

mandatory at secondary and postsecondary levels
, 4

mental health
, 167, 179, 186, 187

model of work experience for
, 7–9

dimensions of
, 9–13

future research
, 13–14

motivation to enter
, 5

multifaceted phenomenon
, 164

objectives of
, 100, 148

Ontario students participation in
, 5–6

opportunities to develop skills for individuals
, 100

outcomes, types of
, 12

placements
, 107–108, 171

preparation of students for
, 121–122

profession-based programs
, 59

Sattler and Peters (2012)
, 6, 10, 12

spaces
, 166–168

student agency in creation of
, 168–170

supervisors
, 173

work placements
, 152

Workopolis
, 26

Workplace(s)
, 37, 150

clinical
, 166, 168, 169, 170

contested spaces
, 165

disruption due to job loss
, 70

field experience
, 11, 42, 62, 84

hierarchical
, 165

justice
, 123

knowledge
, 38, 43, 45–46, 47

as a learning environment
, 165

regulated nature of
, 165

research skills
, 60

simulations
, 62, 117

socialization
, 76

types of
, 42, 62

in WIL
, 59

Workplace educators (WPEs)
, 85, 87, 89, 92

encouraged students use of PMDs
, 90

explicit routine work to students
, 86

students access to site
, 86

Workplace learning (WPL)
, 36, 46–48, 164

academic staff and practitioners in teaching of
, 90

advantages of
, 84

demands for authenticity
, 37

element of formal education
, 84

formed by structural factors
, 37

GPS for
, 94

hybrid space
, 85–87, 89

through mobile technology
, 94–95

informal and tacit learning opportunities
, 88

mobile learning in
, 87–88

MTCB framework for
, 91–94

placement
, 84–85

university professional education
, 84

Work-ready BA
, 58

Work-ready graduate
, 117, 146–147, 154–156, 164

World-ready
, 193, 195

Worst-case scenario
, 46

Worth noting
, 12, 14