TY  - CHAP
AB  - There is an African proverb that says, “I am because we are, and, because we are, therefore, I am.” One aspect of this blended perspective is that one's identity is tied to a larger body than the self. This proverb not only characterizes the wisdom and philosophy of African people, it serves as a point of reference in how one might begin to understand the self and one's distinct group identity or consciousness (Cross, 1995; Jackson, 2001; Kambon, 1992). In this lies the dilemma, unfortunately, of oppressed people whose identity have been racialized and suppressed by derogatory epithets, who have been labeled and called by a variety of racial and cultural categorizations – notoriously branded as Negro, nigger, Colored, Black, African, Afro-American, African American, etc. (Jackson, 2001; Kennedy, 2002).
VL  - 7
SN  - 978-1-84950-643-4, 978-1-84950-644-1/1479-3644
DO  - 10.1108/S1479-3644(2009)0000007007
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-3644(2009)0000007007
AU  - Johnson Jonathan L.
AU  - Cuyjet Michael J.
ED  - Henry T. Frierson
ED  - James H. Wyche
ED  - Willie Pearson
PY  - 2009
Y1  - 2009/01/01
TI  - Enhancing identity development and sense of community among African American males in higher education
T2  - Black American Males in Higher Education: Research, Programs and Academe
T3  - Diversity in Higher Education
PB  - Emerald Group Publishing Limited
SP  - 57
EP  - 78
Y2  - 2024/04/23
ER  -