Putting Tribal Nations First: Historical Trends, Current Needs, and Future Directions in Substance use Prevention for American Indian and Alaska Native Youths

Abstract

Purpose – The purpose of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive overview of the substance use disparities among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth, the contributing factors to these disparities, proven and promising approaches through strengths-based methods, barriers to implementation of prevention and treatment efforts, and future recommendations for effective programs and research.

Approach – We have conducted a thorough literature review of relevant research studies, as well as a review of government, tribal, and community-based curricula and resources. This review of programs is not exhaustive but provides several examples of best practices in the field and suggestions for future directions.

Social implications – We strongly advocate that to accurately explore the true etiology of substance abuse and to respond to the concerns that AI/AN have prioritized, it is necessary to utilize a strengths-based approach and draw upon traditional AI/AN perspectives and values, and active community participation in the process. More specifically, prevention and treatment programs should use methods that incorporate elders or intergenerational approaches; foster individual and family skills-building; promote traditional healing methods to recognize and treat historical, cultural, and intergenerational and personal trauma; focus on early intervention; and tailor efforts to each Native nation or community.

Value – Ultimately, to reduce substance abuse disparities in AI/AN youth, we must find better ways to merge traditional Native practices with western behavioral health to ensure cultural competency, as well as to develop mechanisms to effect system- and policy-level changes that reduce barriers to care and promote the well-being of AI/AN youth, families, and communities.

Citation

Brown, B.G., Baldwin, J.A. and Walsh, M.L. (2012), "Putting Tribal Nations First: Historical Trends, Current Needs, and Future Directions in Substance use Prevention for American Indian and Alaska Native Youths", Notaro, S.R. (Ed.) Health Disparities Among Under-served Populations: Implications for Research, Policy and Praxis (Advances in Education in Diverse Communities, Vol. 9), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 3-47. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-358X(2012)0000009006